diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0ff483a1..879aa1eb 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -35,6 +35,3 @@ package-lock.json
 # iconify dist files
 src/@iconify/*.js
 public/plugin_icon/**
-
-# AI
-.omc/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 42070e4f..e128f639 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "moviepilot",
   "version": "2.11.4",
-  "license": "MIT",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "bin": "dist/service.js",
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@
     "@fullcalendar/timegrid": "^6.1.15",
     "@fullcalendar/vue3": "^6.1.15",
     "@iconify/utils": "^2.2.1",
-    "@tanstack/vue-virtual": "^3.13.24",
     "@types/crypto-js": "^4.2.2",
     "@types/js-cookie": "^3.0.6",
     "@vue-flow/background": "^1.3.2",
diff --git a/src/@core/utils/image.ts b/src/@core/utils/image.ts
index 9c0e1ace..546c0d92 100644
--- a/src/@core/utils/image.ts
+++ b/src/@core/utils/image.ts
@@ -14,95 +14,33 @@ function rgbStringToHex(rgbArray: number[]): string {
   return `#${toHex(r)}${toHex(g)}${toHex(b)}`
 }
 
-// 主色调缓存：相同 URL 不重复经过 ColorThief 的 canvas 解码
-const DOMINANT_COLOR_CACHE_MAX = 200
-const dominantColorCache = new Map<string, string>()
-
-function rememberDominantColor(key: string, value: string) {
-  if (!key) return
-  if (dominantColorCache.size >= DOMINANT_COLOR_CACHE_MAX) {
-    const first = dominantColorCache.keys().next().value
-    if (first !== undefined) dominantColorCache.delete(first)
-  }
-  dominantColorCache.set(key, value)
-}
-
 // 提取主要颜色
 export async function getDominantColor(image: HTMLImageElement): Promise<string> {
-  const cacheKey = image?.currentSrc || image?.src || ''
-  const cached = cacheKey ? dominantColorCache.get(cacheKey) : undefined
-  if (cached) return cached
-  try {
-    const colorThief = new ColorThief()
-    const dominantColor = colorThief.getColor(image)
-    const hex = rgbStringToHex(dominantColor)
-    rememberDominantColor(cacheKey, hex)
-    return hex
-  } catch (e) {
-    console.warn('getDominantColor failed', e)
-    return '#28A9E1'
-  }
-}
-
-// 预加载缓存：已成功加载的 URL 不再重复创建 Image 对象
-const PRELOAD_CACHE_MAX = 50
-const preloadedUrls = new Set<string>()
-
-function rememberPreloaded(url: string) {
-  if (!url) return
-  if (preloadedUrls.size >= PRELOAD_CACHE_MAX) {
-    const first = preloadedUrls.values().next().value
-    if (first !== undefined) preloadedUrls.delete(first)
-  }
-  preloadedUrls.add(url)
+  const colorThief = new ColorThief()
+  const dominantColor = colorThief.getColor(image)
+  return rgbStringToHex(dominantColor)
 }
 
 // 预加载图片
 export async function preloadImage(url: string): Promise<boolean> {
-  if (!url) return false
-  if (preloadedUrls.has(url)) return true
   return new Promise(resolve => {
     const img = new Image()
-    img.decoding = 'async'
-    let settled = false
 
-    const finish = (ok: boolean) => {
-      if (settled) return
-      settled = true
-      img.onload = null
-      img.onerror = null
-      window.clearTimeout(timeout)
-      if (ok) rememberPreloaded(url)
-      else img.src = '' // 释放解码位图
-      resolve(ok)
-    }
+    img.onload = () => resolve(true)
+    img.onerror = () => resolve(false)
 
-    img.onload = () => finish(true)
-    img.onerror = () => finish(false)
-
-    const timeout = window.setTimeout(() => finish(false), 5000)
+    // 设置超时，防止图片长时间加载
+    const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+      img.src = ''
+      resolve(false)
+    }, 5000) // 5秒超时
 
     img.src = url
 
-    // 命中浏览器缓存时 onload 可能不会触发
-    if (img.complete && img.naturalWidth > 0) finish(true)
+    // 如果图片已经缓存，onload可能不会触发
+    if (img.complete) {
+      clearTimeout(timeout)
+      resolve(true)
+    }
   })
 }
-
-// TMDB 图片域名地址（仅作为兜底，调用方应优先用 globalSettings.TMDB_IMAGE_DOMAIN）
-const TMDB_PATH_RE = /\/t\/p\/(original|w\d+|h\d+|w\d+_and_h\d+_bestv2)\//
-
-/**
- * 把 TMDB 图片 URL 重置到指定渲染尺寸。非 TMDB URL（豆瓣 / Bangumi / 自定义代理）原样返回。
- * 用于在卡片场景下避免下载 / 解码 1MP+ 的原图。
- *
- * 常见尺寸：w92 / w154 / w185 / w342 / w500 / w780 / original（poster, backdrop）
- *           w45 / w185 / h632 / original（profile）
- */
-export function tmdbResize(
-  url: string | undefined | null,
-  size: 'w92' | 'w154' | 'w185' | 'w342' | 'w500' | 'w780' | 'original',
-): string {
-  if (!url) return ''
-  return url.replace(TMDB_PATH_RE, `/t/p/${size}/`)
-}
diff --git a/src/api/index.ts b/src/api/index.ts
index 12a18e77..e252dea4 100644
--- a/src/api/index.ts
+++ b/src/api/index.ts
@@ -45,13 +45,6 @@ api.interceptors.response.use(
     return response.data
   },
   error => {
-    // 请求被主动取消（路由切换 / 组件卸载触发 requestOptimizer abort）。
-    // 这不是错误：原样透传 cancel error，让调用方用 axios.isCancel() 识别并静默处理。
-    // 不能落到下面 new Error(error.message) 分支——那会把 cancel 签名抹掉，
-    // 调用方只能看到一个 message='canceled' 的普通 Error，被迫当错误打日志。
-    if (axios.isCancel(error)) {
-      return Promise.reject(error)
-    }
     if (!error.response) {
       // 网络错误或请求超时 - 通知离线状态管理系统
       const isNetworkError =
diff --git a/src/components/cards/MediaCard.vue b/src/components/cards/MediaCard.vue
index 1568951a..fcf59935 100644
--- a/src/components/cards/MediaCard.vue
+++ b/src/components/cards/MediaCard.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 <script lang="ts" setup>
 import noImage from '@images/no-image.jpeg'
 import { getLogoUrl } from '@/utils/imageUtils'
-import axios from 'axios'
 import api from '@/api'
 import { useToast } from 'vue-toastification'
 import { formatSeason, formatRating } from '@/@core/utils/formatters'
@@ -257,8 +256,6 @@ async function handleCheckSubscribe() {
     )
     isSubscribed.value = subscribed
   } catch (error) {
-    // 路由切换会主动 abort 在途请求，cancel 不是错误，静默忽略
-    if (axios.isCancel(error)) return
     console.error(error)
   }
 }
@@ -283,8 +280,6 @@ async function handleCheckExists() {
     isExists.value = exists
     setCachedMediaExistsStatus(getExistsStatusKey(), exists)
   } catch (error) {
-    // 路由切换会主动 abort 在途请求，cancel 不是错误，静默忽略
-    if (axios.isCancel(error)) return
     console.error(error)
   }
 }
@@ -439,36 +434,17 @@ function setupIntersectionObserver() {
   }
 }
 
-// 包装 URL：根据全局开关走系统图片缓存或 douban 代理
-function wrapPosterUrl(url: string): string {
-  if (globalSettings.GLOBAL_IMAGE_CACHE)
-    return `${import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}system/cache/image?url=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`
-  if (url.includes('doubanio.com'))
-    return `${import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}system/img/0?imgurl=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`
-  return url
-}
-
 // 计算图片地址
 const getImgUrl: Ref<string> = computed(() => {
   if (imageLoadError.value) return noImage
-  // 卡片在网格中显示宽度 ~150-220px，w342 在 2x DPR 下足够清晰，
-  // 比 w500 减少约 53% 的解码位图内存
-  const url = props.media?.poster_path?.replace('original', 'w342')
-  if (!url) return noImage
-  return wrapPosterUrl(url)
-})
-
-// 计算低画质占位图（LQIP）— TMDB 自带 w92 缩略图 ~5KB，
-// 公网/慢源场景先秒铺 w92 模糊预览，再淡入 w342 清晰图。
-// 当 poster_path 不包含 'original' 串（如 Douban）时 replace 退化为 no-op，
-// 此时返回空串：VImg 不要设 lazy-src（避免重复请求同一 URL），
-// 占位回退到 #placeholder 槽里的 skeleton。
-const getLqipUrl: Ref<string> = computed(() => {
-  const path = props.media?.poster_path
-  if (!path) return ''
-  const lqip = path.replace('original', 'w92')
-  if (lqip === path) return ''
-  return wrapPosterUrl(lqip)
+  const url = props.media?.poster_path?.replace('original', 'w500') ?? noImage
+  // 使用图片缓存
+  if (globalSettings.GLOBAL_IMAGE_CACHE)
+    return `${import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}system/cache/image?url=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`
+  // 如果地址中包含douban则使用中转代理
+  if (url.includes('doubanio.com'))
+    return `${import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}system/img/0?imgurl=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`
+  return url
 })
 
 // 移除订阅
@@ -490,13 +466,6 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
   observer.value?.disconnect()
   observer.value = null
 })
-
-// keep-alive 缓存场景下 onBeforeUnmount 不会触发，需要在 onDeactivated 主动 disconnect
-// 防止冻结的卡片继续持有 observer 引用
-onDeactivated(() => {
-  observer.value?.disconnect()
-  observer.value = null
-})
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -514,22 +483,15 @@ onDeactivated(() => {
           }"
           @click.stop="goMediaDetail(hover.isHovering ?? false)"
         >
-          <!--
-            lazy-src 和 #placeholder 不能同时给 VImg：
-            placeholder 槽里的 skeleton 会被 Vuetify 叠在 lazy-src 上层渲染，
-            主图加载期间 skeleton 把 LQIP 模糊预览盖成灰屏。
-            有 lazy-src 就让它自己当占位；无 lazy-src（Douban）才走 skeleton。
-          -->
           <VImg
             aspect-ratio="2/3"
             :src="getImgUrl"
-            :lazy-src="getLqipUrl || undefined"
             class="object-cover aspect-w-2 aspect-h-3"
             cover
             @load="isImageLoaded = true"
             @error="imageLoadError = true"
           >
-            <template v-if="!getLqipUrl" #placeholder>
+            <template #placeholder>
               <div class="w-full h-full">
                 <VSkeletonLoader class="object-cover aspect-w-2 aspect-h-3" />
               </div>
@@ -631,17 +593,6 @@ onDeactivated(() => {
   />
 </template>
 <style scoped>
-.media-card {
-  /*
-    告诉浏览器：当本卡片远离视口时跳过 paint 和图片解码。
-    被跳过期间浏览器可以丢弃解码后的 bitmap（图片缓存大头）；
-    重新进入视口时按 contain-intrinsic-size 撑出位置后再 paint。
-    auto 关键字让首次 paint 后记忆实际尺寸，避免滚动条跳动。
-  */
-  content-visibility: auto;
-  contain-intrinsic-size: auto 280px;
-}
-
 .media-card-title {
   font-size: 1.125rem;
   line-height: 1.25rem;
diff --git a/src/components/cards/PersonCard.vue b/src/components/cards/PersonCard.vue
index 328d7be9..ae0771a8 100644
--- a/src/components/cards/PersonCard.vue
+++ b/src/components/cards/PersonCard.vue
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ function getPersonImage() {
   let url = ''
   if (personProps.person?.source === 'themoviedb') {
     if (!personInfo.value?.profile_path) return personIcon
-    // 头像在 VAvatar size=100 内裁剪显示，w185 已覆盖到 3x DPR，
-    // 比原来的 w600_and_h900_bestv2 减少约 90% 的解码位图内存
-    url = `https://${globalSettings.TMDB_IMAGE_DOMAIN}/t/p/w185${personInfo.value?.profile_path}`
+    url = `https://${globalSettings.TMDB_IMAGE_DOMAIN}/t/p/w600_and_h900_bestv2${personInfo.value?.profile_path}`
   } else if (personProps.person?.source === 'douban') {
     if (!personInfo.value?.avatar) return personIcon
     if (typeof personInfo.value?.avatar === 'object') {
diff --git a/src/components/cards/PluginAppCard.vue b/src/components/cards/PluginAppCard.vue
index 0086365e..703ed89b 100644
--- a/src/components/cards/PluginAppCard.vue
+++ b/src/components/cards/PluginAppCard.vue
@@ -62,21 +62,11 @@ const releaseDialog = ref(false)
 const detailDialog = ref(false)
 
 // 图片加载完成
-function imageLoaded() {
+async function imageLoaded() {
   isImageLoaded.value = true
-  const imageElement = imageRef.value?.$el?.querySelector('img') as HTMLImageElement | null
-  if (!imageElement) return
-  // 主色调提取（ColorThief 走 canvas 解码）会阻塞主线程，
-  // 滚动时挤掉浏览器自身的图片解码窗口，放到 idle 中执行更安全。
-  const extract = () => {
-    getDominantColor(imageElement)
-      .then(c => {
-        backgroundColor.value = c
-      })
-      .catch(() => {})
-  }
-  if (typeof requestIdleCallback === 'function') requestIdleCallback(extract, { timeout: 1500 })
-  else setTimeout(extract, 50)
+  const imageElement = imageRef.value?.$el.querySelector('img') as HTMLImageElement
+  // 从图片中提取背景色
+  backgroundColor.value = await getDominantColor(imageElement)
 }
 
 // 安装插件
diff --git a/src/components/cards/PluginCard.vue b/src/components/cards/PluginCard.vue
index 1679d9f9..dbda2066 100644
--- a/src/components/cards/PluginCard.vue
+++ b/src/components/cards/PluginCard.vue
@@ -108,20 +108,11 @@ watch(
 )
 
 // 图片加载完成
-function imageLoaded() {
+async function imageLoaded() {
   isImageLoaded.value = true
-  const imageElement = imageRef.value?.$el?.querySelector('img') as HTMLImageElement | null
-  if (!imageElement) return
-  // ColorThief 走 canvas 解码会阻塞主线程，放到 idle 中执行
-  const extract = () => {
-    getDominantColor(imageElement)
-      .then(c => {
-        backgroundColor.value = c
-      })
-      .catch(() => {})
-  }
-  if (typeof requestIdleCallback === 'function') requestIdleCallback(extract, { timeout: 1500 })
-  else setTimeout(extract, 50)
+  const imageElement = imageRef.value?.$el.querySelector('img') as HTMLImageElement
+  // 从图片中提取背景色
+  backgroundColor.value = await getDominantColor(imageElement)
 }
 
 // 显示更新日志
diff --git a/src/components/cards/SubscribeShareCard.vue b/src/components/cards/SubscribeShareCard.vue
index a4a5fdd8..8db20044 100644
--- a/src/components/cards/SubscribeShareCard.vue
+++ b/src/components/cards/SubscribeShareCard.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 <script lang="ts" setup>
 import { formatDateDifference } from '@/@core/utils/formatters'
-import { tmdbResize } from '@/@core/utils/image'
 import type { SubscribeShare } from '@/api/types'
 import router from '@/router'
 import SubscribeEditDialog from '../dialog/SubscribeEditDialog.vue'
@@ -40,19 +39,19 @@ function imageLoadHandler() {
 // 分享时间
 const dateText = ref(props.media && props.media?.date ? formatDateDifference(props.media.date) : '')
 
-// 计算backdrop图片地址（卡片 backdrop 宽度 ~400-600px，w780 在 TMDB 上足够覆盖 2x DPR）
+// 计算backdrop图片地址
 const backdropUrl = computed(() => {
-  const raw = props.media?.backdrop || props.media?.poster
-  const url = tmdbResize(raw, 'w780') || raw
+  const url = props.media?.backdrop || props.media?.poster
+  // 使用图片缓存
   if (globalSettings.GLOBAL_IMAGE_CACHE && url)
     return `${import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}system/cache/image?url=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`
   return url
 })
 
-// 计算海报图片地址（缩略 64×96 显示，w185 已覆盖 3x DPR）
+// 计算海报图片地址
 const posterUrl = computed(() => {
-  const raw = props.media?.poster
-  const url = tmdbResize(raw, 'w185') || raw
+  const url = props.media?.poster
+  // 使用图片缓存
   if (globalSettings.GLOBAL_IMAGE_CACHE && url)
     return `${import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}system/cache/image?url=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`
   return url
diff --git a/src/components/dialog/SiteResourceDialog.vue b/src/components/dialog/SiteResourceDialog.vue
index 2ade69d0..e543af50 100644
--- a/src/components/dialog/SiteResourceDialog.vue
+++ b/src/components/dialog/SiteResourceDialog.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type { Site, TorrentInfo, SiteCategory } from '@/api/types'
 import { formatFileSize } from '@core/utils/formatters'
 import { useDisplay } from 'vuetify'
 import AddDownloadDialog from '../dialog/AddDownloadDialog.vue'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 // 国际化
@@ -471,14 +471,15 @@ onMounted(() => {
           </div>
 
           <div v-else-if="mobileResourceList.length > 0" class="site-resource-mobile__list px-3 pb-4">
-            <VirtualList
+            <ProgressiveCardGrid
               :items="mobileResourceList"
-              :estimate-size="320"
-              :overscan="5"
+              :columns="1"
+              :gap="12"
+              :estimated-item-height="320"
+              :overscan-rows="5"
               :get-item-key="getResourceItemKey"
-              container-height="100%"
             >
-              <template #item="{ item }">
+              <template #default="{ item }">
                 <VCard>
                   <VCardText class="pa-4">
                     <button type="button" class="site-resource-title-btn text-start" @click="addDownload(item)">
@@ -577,7 +578,7 @@ onMounted(() => {
                   </VCardText>
                 </VCard>
               </template>
-            </VirtualList>
+            </ProgressiveCardGrid>
           </div>
 
           <div v-else class="px-4 py-10 text-center text-medium-emphasis">
diff --git a/src/components/dialog/SubscribeHistoryDialog.vue b/src/components/dialog/SubscribeHistoryDialog.vue
index 626cd0d5..86b1ce17 100644
--- a/src/components/dialog/SubscribeHistoryDialog.vue
+++ b/src/components/dialog/SubscribeHistoryDialog.vue
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { useDisplay } from 'vuetify'
 import ProgressDialog from './ProgressDialog.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { mediaTypeDict } from '@/api/constants'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
 
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
@@ -25,6 +24,9 @@ const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'save'])
 // 订阅历史列表
 const historyList = ref<Subscribe[]>([])
 
+// 当前加载数据
+const currData = ref<Subscribe[]>([])
+
 // 当前页
 const currentPage = ref(1)
 
@@ -34,9 +36,6 @@ const pageSize = ref(30)
 // 是否加载中
 const loading = ref(false)
 
-// 是否还有更多数据
-const hasMore = ref(true)
-
 // 是否加载完成
 const isRefreshed = ref(false)
 
@@ -46,31 +45,41 @@ const progressDialog = ref(false)
 // 进度文字
 const progressText = ref('')
 
-// VirtualList ref（泛型组件无法用 InstanceType 表达，用 any）
-const listRef = ref<any>(null)
+// 调用API查询列表
+async function loadHistory({ done }: { done: any }) {
+  // 如果正在加载中，直接返回
+  if (loading.value) {
+    done('ok')
+    return
+  }
 
-// 调用API查询列表（VirtualList @load-more 触发）
-async function loadHistory() {
-  if (loading.value || !hasMore.value) return
-  loading.value = true
+  // 调用API查询列表
   try {
-    const data: Subscribe[] = await api.get(`subscribe/history/${props.type}`, {
+    // 设置加载中
+    loading.value = true
+    currData.value = await api.get(`subscribe/history/${props.type}`, {
       params: {
         page: currentPage.value,
         count: pageSize.value,
       },
     })
+    // 标计为已请求完成
     isRefreshed.value = true
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) {
-      hasMore.value = false
+    if (currData.value.length === 0) {
+      // 如果没有数据，跳出
+      done('empty')
     } else {
-      historyList.value.push(...data)
+      // 合并数据
+      historyList.value = [...historyList.value, ...currData.value]
+      // 页码+1
       currentPage.value++
-      // 如果服务端返回不足一页，认为没有更多
-      if (data.length < pageSize.value) hasMore.value = false
+      // 返回加载成功
+      done('ok')
     }
   } catch (e) {
     console.error(e)
+    // 返回加载失败
+    done('error')
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
@@ -134,11 +143,6 @@ function getMediaTypeText(type: string | undefined) {
   if (!type) return ''
   return mediaTypeDict[type]
 }
-
-// 初始加载
-onMounted(() => {
-  void loadHistory()
-})
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -150,71 +154,67 @@ onMounted(() => {
       <VDivider />
       <VDialogCloseBtn @click="emit('close')" />
       <VList lines="two" class="flex-grow-1 min-h-0 py-0">
-        <VirtualList
-          ref="listRef"
-          :items="historyList"
-          :estimate-size="104"
-          :overscan="6"
-          key-field="id"
-          container-height="60vh"
-          :load-more-threshold="5"
-          @load-more="loadHistory"
-        >
-          <template #item="{ item }">
-            <VListItem>
-              <template #prepend>
-                <VImg
-                  height="75"
-                  width="50"
-                  :src="item.poster"
-                  aspect-ratio="2/3"
-                  class="object-cover rounded ring-gray-500 me-3"
-                  cover
-                >
-                  <template #placeholder>
-                    <div class="w-full h-full">
-                      <VSkeletonLoader class="object-cover aspect-w-2 aspect-h-3" />
+        <VInfiniteScroll mode="intersect" side="end" :items="historyList" class="h-100" @load="loadHistory">
+          <template #loading>
+            <LoadingBanner />
+          </template>
+          <template #empty />
+          <VVirtualScroll v-if="historyList.length > 0" renderless :items="historyList" :item-height="104">
+            <template #default="{ item, itemRef }">
+              <div :ref="itemRef">
+                <VListItem>
+                  <template #prepend>
+                    <VImg
+                      height="75"
+                      width="50"
+                      :src="item.poster"
+                      aspect-ratio="2/3"
+                      class="object-cover rounded ring-gray-500 me-3"
+                      cover
+                    >
+                      <template #placeholder>
+                        <div class="w-full h-full">
+                          <VSkeletonLoader class="object-cover aspect-w-2 aspect-h-3" />
+                        </div>
+                      </template>
+                    </VImg>
+                  </template>
+                  <VListItemTitle v-if="item.type == '电视剧'">
+                    {{ item.name }}
+                    <span class="text-sm">{{ t('dialog.subscribeHistory.season', { season: item.season }) }}</span>
+                  </VListItemTitle>
+                  <VListItemTitle v-else>
+                    {{ item.name }}
+                  </VListItemTitle>
+                  <VListItemSubtitle class="mt-2">{{ formatDateDifference(item.date) }}</VListItemSubtitle>
+                  <VListItemSubtitle class="mt-2">{{ item.description }}</VListItemSubtitle>
+                  <template #append>
+                    <div class="me-n3">
+                      <IconBtn>
+                        <VIcon icon="mdi-dots-vertical" />
+                        <VMenu activator="parent" close-on-content-click>
+                          <VList>
+                            <VListItem
+                              v-for="(menu, i) in dropdownItems"
+                              :key="i"
+                              :base-color="menu.color"
+                              @click="menu.props.click(item)"
+                            >
+                              <template #prepend>
+                                <VIcon :icon="menu.props.prependIcon" />
+                              </template>
+                              <VListItemTitle v-text="menu.title" />
+                            </VListItem>
+                          </VList>
+                        </VMenu>
+                      </IconBtn>
                     </div>
                   </template>
-                </VImg>
-              </template>
-              <VListItemTitle v-if="item.type == '电视剧'">
-                {{ item.name }}
-                <span class="text-sm">{{ t('dialog.subscribeHistory.season', { season: item.season }) }}</span>
-              </VListItemTitle>
-              <VListItemTitle v-else>
-                {{ item.name }}
-              </VListItemTitle>
-              <VListItemSubtitle class="mt-2">{{ formatDateDifference(item.date) }}</VListItemSubtitle>
-              <VListItemSubtitle class="mt-2">{{ item.description }}</VListItemSubtitle>
-              <template #append>
-                <div class="me-n3">
-                  <IconBtn>
-                    <VIcon icon="mdi-dots-vertical" />
-                    <VMenu activator="parent" close-on-content-click>
-                      <VList>
-                        <VListItem
-                          v-for="(menu, i) in dropdownItems"
-                          :key="i"
-                          :base-color="menu.color"
-                          @click="menu.props.click(item)"
-                        >
-                          <template #prepend>
-                            <VIcon :icon="menu.props.prependIcon" />
-                          </template>
-                          <VListItemTitle v-text="menu.title" />
-                        </VListItem>
-                      </VList>
-                    </VMenu>
-                  </IconBtn>
-                </div>
-              </template>
-            </VListItem>
-          </template>
-          <template #loading>
-            <LoadingBanner v-if="loading" />
-          </template>
-        </VirtualList>
+                </VListItem>
+              </div>
+            </template>
+          </VVirtualScroll>
+        </VInfiniteScroll>
       </VList>
       <VCardText v-if="historyList.length === 0 && isRefreshed" class="text-center">{{
         t('dialog.subscribeHistory.noData')
diff --git a/src/components/filebrowser/FileList.vue b/src/components/filebrowser/FileList.vue
index e5905aff..7a5cb4bf 100644
--- a/src/components/filebrowser/FileList.vue
+++ b/src/components/filebrowser/FileList.vue
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { useBackgroundOptimization } from '@/composables/useBackgroundOptimization'
 import { usePWA } from '@/composables/usePWA'
 import { useAvailableHeight } from '@/composables/useAvailableHeight'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
 
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
@@ -757,13 +756,8 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
           class="text-high-emphasis file-list-container"
           :style="{ height: `${listAvailableHeight}px`, maxHeight: `${listAvailableHeight}px` }"
         >
-          <VirtualList
-            :items="displayItems"
-            :estimate-size="56"
-            :overscan="8"
-            :container-height="`${listAvailableHeight}px`"
-          >
-            <template #item="{ item }">
+          <VVirtualScroll :items="displayItems" style="block-size: 100%">
+            <template #default="{ item }">
               <VHover>
                 <template #default="hover">
                   <VListItem v-bind="hover.props" class="px-3 pe-1" @click="listItemClick(item)">
@@ -830,7 +824,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
                 </template>
               </VHover>
             </template>
-          </VirtualList>
+          </VVirtualScroll>
         </VList>
       </VCardText>
       <VCardText v-else-if="filter" class="grow d-flex justify-center align-center grey--text py-5">
diff --git a/src/components/filebrowser/FileNavigator.vue b/src/components/filebrowser/FileNavigator.vue
index 9ed96383..9f4e8e0a 100644
--- a/src/components/filebrowser/FileNavigator.vue
+++ b/src/components/filebrowser/FileNavigator.vue
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import type { AxiosRequestConfig, AxiosInstance } from 'axios'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { usePWA } from '@/composables/usePWA'
 import { useAvailableHeight } from '@/composables/useAvailableHeight'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
 
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
@@ -255,16 +254,11 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 
 <template>
   <VCard class="file-navigator rounded-e-0 rounded-t-0" v-if="!isMobile" :height="`${availableHeight}px`">
-    <VirtualList
-      :items="visibleTreeRows"
-      :estimate-size="32"
-      key-field="key"
-      container-height="100%"
-      class="tree-container"
-    >
-      <template #item="{ item }">
+    <VVirtualScroll :items="visibleTreeRows" :item-height="32" class="tree-container">
+      <template #default="{ item }">
         <div
           v-if="item.type === 'root'"
+          :key="item.key"
           class="tree-item root-item"
           :class="{ 'active': currentPath === '/' }"
           @click="
@@ -284,6 +278,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 
         <div
           v-else-if="item.type === 'loading'"
+          :key="item.key"
           class="tree-loading"
           :style="getTreeRowStyle(item.level)"
         >
@@ -295,6 +290,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 
         <div
           v-else
+          :key="item.key"
           class="tree-item"
           :class="{ 'active': currentPath === item.dir.path }"
           :style="getTreeRowStyle(item.level)"
@@ -326,7 +322,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
           </div>
         </div>
       </template>
-    </VirtualList>
+    </VVirtualScroll>
   </VCard>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/src/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue b/src/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2ec05ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,932 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import type { ComponentPublicInstance } from 'vue'
+
+type ItemKey = string | number
+type ScrollTarget = Window | HTMLElement
+
+const props = withDefaults(
+  defineProps<{
+    items: any[]
+    minItemWidth?: number
+    itemAspectRatio?: number
+    estimatedItemHeight?: number
+    scrollToIndex?: number
+    gap?: number
+    columns?: number
+    initialCount?: number
+    batchSize?: number
+    overscanRows?: number
+    getItemKey?: (item: any, index: number) => string | number
+  }>(),
+  {
+    minItemWidth: 144,
+    itemAspectRatio: 1.5,
+    estimatedItemHeight: undefined,
+    scrollToIndex: undefined,
+    gap: 16,
+    columns: undefined,
+    initialCount: 24,
+    batchSize: 24,
+    overscanRows: 4,
+    getItemKey: undefined,
+  },
+)
+
+interface VirtualCell {
+  item: any
+  index: number
+  key: ItemKey
+}
+
+interface VirtualRange {
+  endIndex: number
+  endRow: number
+  startIndex: number
+  startRow: number
+}
+
+const containerRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+const trackRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+
+const layoutWidth = ref(0)
+const viewportTop = ref(0)
+const viewportBottom = ref(0)
+const heightVersion = ref(0)
+const frozenVisibleRange = ref<VirtualRange | null>(null)
+const isOverlayGrid = ref(false)
+
+const itemHeights = new Map<ItemKey, number>()
+const observedElements = new Map<HTMLElement, ItemKey>()
+const keyElements = new Map<ItemKey, HTMLElement>()
+const itemRefCallbacks = new Map<ItemKey, (element: Element | ComponentPublicInstance | null) => void>()
+
+let resizeObserver: ResizeObserver | null = null
+let itemResizeObserver: ResizeObserver | null = null
+let overlayLockObserver: MutationObserver | null = null
+let scrollTarget: ScrollTarget | null = null
+let layoutFrameId: number | null = null
+let scrollFrameId: number | null = null
+let mounted = false
+let pendingRevealIndex: number | null = null
+let lastMeasuredColumnCount = 0
+let lastMeasuredColumnWidth = 0
+
+const safeGap = computed(() => Math.max(0, props.gap))
+const safeMinItemWidth = computed(() => Math.max(1, props.minItemWidth))
+const safeOverscanRows = computed(() => Math.max(1, props.overscanRows))
+
+const columnCount = computed(() => {
+  if (props.columns && props.columns > 0) {
+    return Math.max(1, Math.floor(props.columns))
+  }
+
+  if (!layoutWidth.value) {
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(1, Math.floor((layoutWidth.value + safeGap.value) / (safeMinItemWidth.value + safeGap.value)))
+})
+
+const columnWidth = computed(() => {
+  const columns = columnCount.value
+  const width = layoutWidth.value || safeMinItemWidth.value
+
+  return Math.max(1, (width - safeGap.value * (columns - 1)) / columns)
+})
+
+const estimatedHeight = computed(() => {
+  if (props.estimatedItemHeight && props.estimatedItemHeight > 0) {
+    return props.estimatedItemHeight
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(1, columnWidth.value * props.itemAspectRatio)
+})
+
+const itemKeys = computed(() => props.items.map((item, index) => getComparableKey(item, index)))
+
+const keyIndexMap = computed(() => {
+  const map = new Map<ItemKey, number>()
+
+  itemKeys.value.forEach((key, index) => {
+    map.set(key, index)
+  })
+
+  return map
+})
+
+const rowMetrics = computed(() => {
+  heightVersion.value
+
+  const rows = Math.ceil(props.items.length / columnCount.value)
+  const heights: number[] = []
+  const measuredRows: boolean[] = []
+  const offsets: number[] = [0]
+
+  for (let row = 0; row < rows; row += 1) {
+    const startIndex = row * columnCount.value
+    const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + columnCount.value, props.items.length)
+    let rowHeight = 0
+    let hasUnmeasuredItem = false
+
+    for (let index = startIndex; index < endIndex; index += 1) {
+      const height = itemHeights.get(itemKeys.value[index])
+      if (height && height > 0) {
+        rowHeight = Math.max(rowHeight, height)
+      } else {
+        hasUnmeasuredItem = true
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (hasUnmeasuredItem) {
+      rowHeight = Math.max(rowHeight, estimatedHeight.value)
+    } else {
+      rowHeight = Math.max(rowHeight, 1)
+    }
+
+    heights.push(rowHeight)
+    measuredRows.push(!hasUnmeasuredItem)
+    offsets.push(offsets[row] + rowHeight + (row < rows - 1 ? safeGap.value : 0))
+  }
+
+  return {
+    heights,
+    measuredRows,
+    offsets,
+    rowCount: rows,
+    totalHeight: offsets[rows] ?? 0,
+  }
+})
+
+const totalHeight = computed(() => rowMetrics.value.totalHeight)
+
+const calculatedVisibleRange = computed<VirtualRange>(() => {
+  if (isOverlayGrid.value) {
+    const rowCount = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(props.items.length / columnCount.value))
+
+    return {
+      endIndex: props.items.length,
+      endRow: rowCount - 1,
+      startIndex: 0,
+      startRow: 0,
+    }
+  }
+
+  const { heights, offsets, rowCount } = rowMetrics.value
+
+  if (!props.items.length || rowCount === 0) {
+    return {
+      endIndex: 0,
+      endRow: 0,
+      startIndex: 0,
+      startRow: 0,
+    }
+  }
+
+  const top = Math.max(0, Math.min(viewportTop.value, totalHeight.value))
+  const bottom = Math.max(top, Math.min(viewportBottom.value, totalHeight.value))
+  const firstVisibleRow = findFirstRowAtOrAfterOffset(offsets, heights, top)
+  const lastVisibleRow = findLastRowAtOrBeforeOffset(offsets, rowCount, bottom)
+  const startRow = clamp(firstVisibleRow - safeOverscanRows.value, 0, rowCount - 1)
+  const endRow = clamp(lastVisibleRow + safeOverscanRows.value, startRow, rowCount - 1)
+
+  return {
+    endIndex: Math.min(props.items.length, (endRow + 1) * columnCount.value),
+    endRow,
+    startIndex: startRow * columnCount.value,
+    startRow,
+  }
+})
+
+const visibleRange = computed(() => frozenVisibleRange.value ?? calculatedVisibleRange.value)
+
+const visibleCells = computed<VirtualCell[]>(() => {
+  const cells: VirtualCell[] = []
+
+  for (let index = visibleRange.value.startIndex; index < visibleRange.value.endIndex; index += 1) {
+    cells.push({
+      item: props.items[index],
+      index,
+      key: itemKeys.value[index],
+    })
+  }
+
+  return cells
+})
+
+const topSpacerHeight = computed(() => {
+  if (isOverlayGrid.value) {
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  return rowMetrics.value.offsets[visibleRange.value.startRow] ?? 0
+})
+
+const visibleBlockHeight = computed(() => {
+  if (!props.items.length || visibleRange.value.endIndex <= visibleRange.value.startIndex) {
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(
+    (rowMetrics.value.offsets[visibleRange.value.endRow] ?? 0) +
+      (rowMetrics.value.heights[visibleRange.value.endRow] ?? 0) -
+      (rowMetrics.value.offsets[visibleRange.value.startRow] ?? 0),
+    0,
+  )
+})
+
+const bottomSpacerHeight = computed(() => {
+  if (isOverlayGrid.value) {
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(totalHeight.value - topSpacerHeight.value - visibleBlockHeight.value, 0)
+})
+
+const gridStyle = computed(() => ({
+  columnGap: `${safeGap.value}px`,
+  gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(${columnCount.value}, minmax(0, 1fr))`,
+  rowGap: `${safeGap.value}px`,
+}))
+
+function clamp(value: number, min: number, max: number) {
+  return Math.min(Math.max(value, min), max)
+}
+
+function getComparableKey(item: any, index: number): ItemKey {
+  if (props.getItemKey) {
+    return props.getItemKey(item, index)
+  }
+
+  return index
+}
+
+function findFirstRowAtOrAfterOffset(offsets: number[], heights: number[], offset: number) {
+  let low = 0
+  let high = heights.length - 1
+  let answer = 0
+
+  while (low <= high) {
+    const mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2)
+    const rowEnd = offsets[mid] + heights[mid]
+
+    if (rowEnd >= offset) {
+      answer = mid
+      high = mid - 1
+    } else {
+      low = mid + 1
+    }
+  }
+
+  return answer
+}
+
+function findLastRowAtOrBeforeOffset(offsets: number[], rowCount: number, offset: number) {
+  let low = 0
+  let high = rowCount - 1
+  let answer = 0
+
+  while (low <= high) {
+    const mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2)
+
+    if (offsets[mid] <= offset) {
+      answer = mid
+      low = mid + 1
+    } else {
+      high = mid - 1
+    }
+  }
+
+  return answer
+}
+
+function isDocumentOverlayLocked() {
+  return typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement.classList.contains('v-overlay-scroll-blocked')
+}
+
+function isGridInsideOverlay() {
+  return Boolean(containerRef.value?.closest('.v-overlay, .v-overlay__content'))
+}
+
+function syncOverlayGridState() {
+  isOverlayGrid.value = isGridInsideOverlay()
+}
+
+function shouldPauseVirtualSync() {
+  return isDocumentOverlayLocked() && !isOverlayGrid.value
+}
+
+function freezeVisibleRange() {
+  if (frozenVisibleRange.value) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  // 弹窗打开期间固定当前渲染窗口，防止 body 锁滚动造成坐标跳变并卸载触发弹窗的卡片。
+  frozenVisibleRange.value = { ...calculatedVisibleRange.value }
+}
+
+function releaseVisibleRange() {
+  frozenVisibleRange.value = null
+}
+
+function handleOverlayLockChange() {
+  if (shouldPauseVirtualSync()) {
+    freezeVisibleRange()
+    return
+  }
+
+  releaseVisibleRange()
+  queueLayoutSync()
+}
+
+function getElementFromRef(element: Element | ComponentPublicInstance | null): HTMLElement | null {
+  if (!element || typeof HTMLElement === 'undefined') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (element instanceof HTMLElement) {
+    return element
+  }
+
+  if (!('$el' in element)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const componentElement = element.$el
+
+  return componentElement instanceof HTMLElement ? componentElement : null
+}
+
+function getRowHeight(row: number) {
+  const startIndex = row * columnCount.value
+  const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + columnCount.value, props.items.length)
+  let rowHeight = 0
+  let hasUnmeasuredItem = false
+
+  for (let index = startIndex; index < endIndex; index += 1) {
+    const height = itemHeights.get(itemKeys.value[index])
+    if (height && height > 0) {
+      rowHeight = Math.max(rowHeight, height)
+    } else {
+      hasUnmeasuredItem = true
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (hasUnmeasuredItem) {
+    return Math.max(rowHeight, estimatedHeight.value)
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(rowHeight, 1)
+}
+
+function ensureItemResizeObserver() {
+  if (itemResizeObserver || typeof ResizeObserver === 'undefined') {
+    return
+  }
+
+  itemResizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(entries => {
+    if (shouldPauseVirtualSync()) {
+      freezeVisibleRange()
+      return
+    }
+
+    let shouldUpdate = false
+    let scrollAdjustment = 0
+    const currentViewportTop = viewportTop.value
+    const currentOffsets = rowMetrics.value.offsets
+
+    entries.forEach(entry => {
+      const element = entry.target
+      if (!(element instanceof HTMLElement)) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      const key = observedElements.get(element)
+      const index = key === undefined ? undefined : keyIndexMap.value.get(key)
+
+      if (key === undefined || index === undefined) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      const nextHeight = getResizeEntryHeight(entry)
+      const previousHeight = itemHeights.get(key)
+
+      if (!nextHeight || Math.abs((previousHeight ?? 0) - nextHeight) < 0.5) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      const row = Math.floor(index / columnCount.value)
+      const rowWasFullyMeasured = rowMetrics.value.measuredRows[row]
+      const previousRowHeight = getRowHeight(row)
+      const previousRowBottom = (currentOffsets[row] ?? 0) + previousRowHeight
+
+      if (
+        rowWasFullyMeasured &&
+        previousHeight !== undefined &&
+        previousHeight < previousRowHeight - 0.5 &&
+        nextHeight <= previousRowHeight + 0.5
+      ) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      itemHeights.set(key, nextHeight)
+
+      const nextRowHeight = getRowHeight(row)
+      const delta = nextRowHeight - previousRowHeight
+
+      if (Math.abs(delta) >= 0.5 && previousRowBottom < currentViewportTop) {
+        scrollAdjustment += delta
+      }
+
+      shouldUpdate = true
+    })
+
+    if (!shouldUpdate) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    heightVersion.value += 1
+
+    if (Math.abs(scrollAdjustment) >= 0.5) {
+      adjustScrollTop(scrollAdjustment)
+    }
+
+    queueViewportSync()
+  })
+}
+
+function getResizeEntryHeight(entry: ResizeObserverEntry) {
+  const borderSize = Array.isArray(entry.borderBoxSize) ? entry.borderBoxSize[0] : entry.borderBoxSize
+
+  return borderSize?.blockSize || entry.contentRect.height
+}
+
+function setItemRef(element: Element | ComponentPublicInstance | null, key: ItemKey) {
+  const htmlElement = getElementFromRef(element)
+  const previousElement = keyElements.get(key)
+
+  if (!htmlElement) {
+    if (previousElement) {
+      itemResizeObserver?.unobserve(previousElement)
+      observedElements.delete(previousElement)
+      keyElements.delete(key)
+    }
+
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (previousElement === htmlElement) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  ensureItemResizeObserver()
+
+  if (previousElement) {
+    itemResizeObserver?.unobserve(previousElement)
+    observedElements.delete(previousElement)
+  }
+
+  observedElements.set(htmlElement, key)
+  keyElements.set(key, htmlElement)
+  itemResizeObserver?.observe(htmlElement)
+}
+
+function getItemRef(key: ItemKey) {
+  const existingCallback = itemRefCallbacks.get(key)
+
+  if (existingCallback) {
+    return existingCallback
+  }
+
+  const callback = (element: Element | ComponentPublicInstance | null) => setItemRef(element, key)
+  itemRefCallbacks.set(key, callback)
+
+  return callback
+}
+
+function findScrollTarget(): ScrollTarget {
+  let parent = containerRef.value?.parentElement ?? null
+
+  while (parent && parent !== document.body && parent !== document.documentElement) {
+    const overflowY = window.getComputedStyle(parent).overflowY
+
+    if (overflowY === 'auto' || overflowY === 'scroll' || overflowY === 'overlay') {
+      return parent
+    }
+
+    parent = parent.parentElement
+  }
+
+  return window
+}
+
+function addScrollListener(target: ScrollTarget) {
+  target.addEventListener('scroll', queueViewportSync, { passive: true })
+}
+
+function removeScrollListener(target: ScrollTarget | null) {
+  target?.removeEventListener('scroll', queueViewportSync)
+}
+
+function refreshScrollTarget() {
+  if (!mounted) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const nextTarget = findScrollTarget()
+
+  if (scrollTarget === nextTarget) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  removeScrollListener(scrollTarget)
+  scrollTarget = nextTarget
+  addScrollListener(scrollTarget)
+}
+
+function syncLayoutWidth() {
+  const element = trackRef.value
+
+  if (!element) {
+    layoutWidth.value = 0
+    return
+  }
+
+  layoutWidth.value = element.clientWidth
+}
+
+function syncViewport() {
+  const element = trackRef.value
+
+  if (!element) {
+    viewportTop.value = 0
+    viewportBottom.value = 0
+    return
+  }
+
+  const trackRect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+  const viewportRect =
+    scrollTarget && scrollTarget !== window
+      ? (scrollTarget as HTMLElement).getBoundingClientRect()
+      : {
+          bottom: window.innerHeight,
+          top: 0,
+        }
+
+  viewportTop.value = viewportRect.top - trackRect.top
+  viewportBottom.value = viewportRect.bottom - trackRect.top
+}
+
+function queueLayoutSync() {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined' || layoutFrameId !== null) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  layoutFrameId = window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    layoutFrameId = null
+
+    if (shouldPauseVirtualSync()) {
+      freezeVisibleRange()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 弹窗内容已经由 overlay 限定生命周期，直接完整渲染可避免弹窗内交互被虚拟回收打断。
+    syncOverlayGridState()
+    releaseVisibleRange()
+    syncLayoutWidth()
+    refreshScrollTarget()
+    syncViewport()
+    flushPendingReveal()
+  })
+}
+
+function queueViewportSync() {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined' || scrollFrameId !== null) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  scrollFrameId = window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    scrollFrameId = null
+
+    if (shouldPauseVirtualSync()) {
+      freezeVisibleRange()
+      return
+    }
+
+    releaseVisibleRange()
+    syncViewport()
+  })
+}
+
+function getTrackScrollTop() {
+  const element = trackRef.value
+
+  if (!element || !scrollTarget || scrollTarget === window) {
+    return (element?.getBoundingClientRect().top ?? 0) + window.scrollY
+  }
+
+  const scrollElement = scrollTarget as HTMLElement
+  const trackRect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+  const scrollRect = scrollElement.getBoundingClientRect()
+
+  return trackRect.top - scrollRect.top + scrollElement.scrollTop
+}
+
+function adjustScrollTop(delta: number) {
+  if (!scrollTarget || Math.abs(delta) < 0.5) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (scrollTarget === window) {
+    window.scrollBy({
+      behavior: 'auto',
+      top: delta,
+    })
+  } else {
+    const scrollElement = scrollTarget as HTMLElement
+    scrollElement.scrollTop += delta
+  }
+}
+
+function scrollToRelativeTop(top: number) {
+  if (!scrollTarget) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const targetTop = getTrackScrollTop() + top
+
+  if (scrollTarget === window) {
+    window.scrollTo({
+      behavior: 'auto',
+      top: targetTop,
+    })
+  } else {
+    ;(scrollTarget as HTMLElement).scrollTo({
+      behavior: 'auto',
+      top: targetTop,
+    })
+  }
+
+  queueViewportSync()
+}
+
+async function revealItem(index: number) {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined' || index < 0 || index >= props.items.length) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  await nextTick()
+
+  const row = Math.floor(index / columnCount.value)
+  const top = rowMetrics.value.offsets[row] ?? 0
+
+  scrollToRelativeTop(top)
+}
+
+function requestRevealItem(index: number) {
+  pendingRevealIndex = index
+
+  if (!mounted) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  queueLayoutSync()
+}
+
+function flushPendingReveal() {
+  if (pendingRevealIndex === null || !mounted || !scrollTarget || layoutWidth.value <= 0) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const index = pendingRevealIndex
+  pendingRevealIndex = null
+
+  void revealItem(index)
+}
+
+function pruneMeasurements() {
+  const keys = new Set(itemKeys.value)
+  let changed = false
+
+  Array.from(itemHeights.keys()).forEach(key => {
+    if (!keys.has(key)) {
+      itemHeights.delete(key)
+      changed = true
+    }
+  })
+
+  Array.from(keyElements.entries()).forEach(([key, element]) => {
+    if (!keys.has(key)) {
+      itemResizeObserver?.unobserve(element)
+      observedElements.delete(element)
+      keyElements.delete(key)
+    }
+  })
+
+  Array.from(itemRefCallbacks.keys()).forEach(key => {
+    if (!keys.has(key)) {
+      itemRefCallbacks.delete(key)
+    }
+  })
+
+  if (changed) {
+    heightVersion.value += 1
+  }
+}
+
+function didKeysAppend(nextKeys: ItemKey[], previousKeys: ItemKey[] = []) {
+  if (!previousKeys.length || nextKeys.length < previousKeys.length) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return previousKeys.every((key, index) => key === nextKeys[index])
+}
+
+function syncMeasurementsForItems(nextKeys: ItemKey[], previousKeys: ItemKey[] = []) {
+  if (!didKeysAppend(nextKeys, previousKeys) && itemHeights.size) {
+    itemHeights.clear()
+    heightVersion.value += 1
+  }
+
+  pruneMeasurements()
+}
+
+function invalidateMeasurementsForLayoutChange() {
+  const nextColumnCount = columnCount.value
+  const nextColumnWidth = columnWidth.value
+
+  if (
+    lastMeasuredColumnCount === nextColumnCount &&
+    Math.abs(lastMeasuredColumnWidth - nextColumnWidth) < 1
+  ) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  lastMeasuredColumnCount = nextColumnCount
+  lastMeasuredColumnWidth = nextColumnWidth
+
+  if (!itemHeights.size) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  itemHeights.clear()
+  heightVersion.value += 1
+}
+
+onMounted(() => {
+  mounted = true
+  syncOverlayGridState()
+  scrollTarget = findScrollTarget()
+  addScrollListener(scrollTarget)
+
+  resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(queueLayoutSync)
+  if (trackRef.value) {
+    resizeObserver.observe(trackRef.value)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
+    overlayLockObserver = new MutationObserver(handleOverlayLockChange)
+    overlayLockObserver.observe(document.documentElement, {
+      attributes: true,
+      attributeFilter: ['class'],
+    })
+  }
+
+  window.addEventListener('resize', queueLayoutSync, { passive: true })
+
+  queueLayoutSync()
+})
+
+onActivated(() => {
+  mounted = true
+  refreshScrollTarget()
+  queueLayoutSync()
+})
+
+onDeactivated(() => {
+  mounted = false
+  removeScrollListener(scrollTarget)
+  scrollTarget = null
+})
+
+onUnmounted(() => {
+  mounted = false
+  removeScrollListener(scrollTarget)
+  scrollTarget = null
+
+  window.removeEventListener('resize', queueLayoutSync)
+  resizeObserver?.disconnect()
+  resizeObserver = null
+  itemResizeObserver?.disconnect()
+  itemResizeObserver = null
+  overlayLockObserver?.disconnect()
+  overlayLockObserver = null
+
+  if (layoutFrameId !== null) {
+    window.cancelAnimationFrame(layoutFrameId)
+    layoutFrameId = null
+  }
+
+  if (scrollFrameId !== null) {
+    window.cancelAnimationFrame(scrollFrameId)
+    scrollFrameId = null
+  }
+})
+
+watch(
+  itemKeys,
+  (nextKeys, previousKeys) => {
+    syncMeasurementsForItems(nextKeys, previousKeys)
+    queueLayoutSync()
+  },
+  { immediate: true },
+)
+
+watch(
+  [
+    () => props.minItemWidth,
+    () => props.gap,
+    () => props.estimatedItemHeight,
+    () => props.itemAspectRatio,
+    () => props.columns,
+  ],
+  () => {
+    queueLayoutSync()
+  },
+)
+
+watch(
+  [columnCount, columnWidth],
+  () => {
+    invalidateMeasurementsForLayoutChange()
+    queueViewportSync()
+  },
+)
+
+watch(
+  [() => props.scrollToIndex, () => props.items.length, columnCount],
+  ([scrollToIndex]) => {
+    if (scrollToIndex === undefined || scrollToIndex < 0 || scrollToIndex >= props.items.length) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    requestRevealItem(scrollToIndex)
+  },
+  { immediate: true },
+)
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div ref="containerRef" class="progressive-card-grid">
+    <div ref="trackRef" class="progressive-card-grid__track">
+      <div
+        v-if="topSpacerHeight > 0"
+        class="progressive-card-grid__spacer"
+        :style="{ blockSize: `${topSpacerHeight}px` }"
+        aria-hidden="true"
+      />
+      <div v-if="visibleCells.length > 0" class="progressive-card-grid__grid" :style="gridStyle">
+        <div
+          v-for="cell in visibleCells"
+          :key="cell.key"
+          :ref="getItemRef(cell.key)"
+          class="progressive-card-grid__item"
+          :data-progressive-grid-index="cell.index"
+        >
+          <slot :item="cell.item" :index="cell.index" />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div
+        v-if="bottomSpacerHeight > 0"
+        class="progressive-card-grid__spacer"
+        :style="{ blockSize: `${bottomSpacerHeight}px` }"
+        aria-hidden="true"
+      />
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.progressive-card-grid {
+  inline-size: 100%;
+}
+
+.progressive-card-grid__track {
+  inline-size: 100%;
+  min-block-size: 1px;
+  overflow-anchor: none;
+}
+
+.progressive-card-grid__grid {
+  display: grid;
+}
+
+.progressive-card-grid__item {
+  inline-size: 100%;
+  min-inline-size: 0;
+}
+
+.progressive-card-grid__item > :deep(*) {
+  block-size: 100%;
+  inline-size: 100%;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/src/components/virtual/AutoSizer.vue b/src/components/virtual/AutoSizer.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index 27b4529a..00000000
--- a/src/components/virtual/AutoSizer.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-  ============================================================
-  AutoSizer - 测量自身容器尺寸并通过 slot 传给子虚拟组件
-  ============================================================
-
-  设计目标：
-    - 把「容器宽高测量」职责从虚拟化组件里拿出来（react-virtualized 经典分层）
-    - 虚拟化组件只接受显式 width/height/columns，不再内部 ResizeObserver
-    - 容器自适应需求由本组件 + 业务计算（如 useResponsiveCols）解决
-
-  原理：
-    - 用 `@vueuse/core` 的 `useElementSize` 观察自身根 div
-    - 默认 100% 宽高填满父容器；父容器必须给出有限尺寸（弹性盒/网格/显式 height）
-    - 把 { width, height } 通过默认 slot 暴露给子内容
-
-  典型用法（dashboard 卡片里的可变宽网格）：
-    <VCard>
-      <VCardItem>...</VCardItem>
-      <AutoSizer #default="{ width }">
-        <VirtualGrid :columns="Math.max(1, Math.floor(width / 240))"
-                     :container-height="'10rem'" ... />
-      </AutoSizer>
-    </VCard>
-
-  注意：
-    - 父容器必须有有限宽（CSS 默认 100% 即可）和高度（dashboard 卡片有明确 block-size）
-    - 首次渲染时 width/height 为 0 直到 useElementSize 第一帧回写。
-      子组件应能容忍 cols=最小值（useResponsiveCols 默认 min=1）。
--->
-
-<script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref } from 'vue'
-import { useElementSize } from '@vueuse/core'
-
-defineProps<{
-  /** 透传到根 div 的额外 class */
-  class?: string | string[] | Record<string, boolean>
-}>()
-
-const rootRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-const { width, height } = useElementSize(rootRef)
-
-defineExpose({
-  getRootElement: () => rootRef.value,
-})
-</script>
-
-<template>
-  <div ref="rootRef" :class="['virtual-auto-sizer', $props.class]">
-    <slot :width="width" :height="height" :root-ref="rootRef" />
-  </div>
-</template>
-
-<style scoped>
-.virtual-auto-sizer {
-  position: relative;
-  inline-size: 100%;
-  block-size: 100%;
-}
-</style>
diff --git a/src/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue b/src/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index 8dc826da..00000000
--- a/src/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-  ============================================================
-  VirtualGrid - @tanstack/vue-virtual 二维虚拟网格兼容层
-  ============================================================
-
-  设计目标：
-    - 内部把扁平 items[] 按外部传入的 `columns` 数值打包成 rows[][]
-    - 对业务屏蔽 row chunking 细节，业务只写「一项卡片」
-    - 网格只在垂直方向虚拟化（行），水平方向用 CSS Grid 等分
-    - 支持两种滚动模式：容器内 scroll（默认）+ 页面 window scroll（useWindowScroll=true）
-    - 不感知容器：组件本身不读视口、不测自身宽度。
-      cols 由调用方算好喂进来（useBreakpointCols / useResponsiveCols / 显式数值）。
-      容器自适应需求请用 <AutoSizer> 或 useResponsiveCols。
-
-  典型用法（路由主页，window scroll，视口断点决定列数）：
-    <script setup>
-    const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 2, sm: 3, md: 4, lg: 5, xl: 6 })
-    </script>
-    <template>
-      <VirtualGrid :items="dataList" :columns="cols"
-                   :row-estimate-size="320" key-field="id"
-                   use-window-scroll @load-more="fetchData">
-        <template #item="{ item }"> <MediaCard :media="item" /> </template>
-      </VirtualGrid>
-    </template>
-
-  典型用法（dashboard 卡片，容器宽度决定列数）：
-    <AutoSizer #default="{ width }">
-      <VirtualGrid :columns="Math.max(1, Math.floor(width / 240))"
-                   :items="data" :container-height="'10rem'" ... />
-    </AutoSizer>
--->
-
-<script setup lang="ts" generic="T extends Record<string, any>">
-import { computed, ref } from 'vue'
-import { useWindowScrollMargin } from '@/composables/virtual/useWindowScrollMargin'
-import { useLoadMoreSentinel } from '@/composables/virtual/useLoadMoreSentinel'
-import { useVirtualizerBridge } from '@/composables/virtual/useVirtualizerBridge'
-
-const props = withDefaults(
-  defineProps<{
-    items: T[]
-    /** 列数（必填）。调用方用 useBreakpointCols / useResponsiveCols / 显式数值喂进来 */
-    columns: number
-    /** 行高估算（px） */
-    rowEstimateSize?: number
-    /** 卡片间距 + 容器内边距 */
-    gap?: number | string
-    /** 视口外预渲染的行数 */
-    overscan?: number
-    /** key 字段名。若同时给了 getItemKey 则后者优先 */
-    keyField?: keyof T
-    /**
-     * 取 key 的函数式入口，优先级高于 keyField。
-     * 用于 fallback 链场景，如 `(item) => item.id || item.link || item.title`。
-     * `index` 是 item 在扁平 items[] 中的 0 起始下标。
-     */
-    getItemKey?: (item: T, index: number) => string | number
-    /** 容器内 scroll 模式下的容器高度（useWindowScroll=false 时生效） */
-    containerHeight?: string | number
-    /** 使用页面 window scroll（路由主页推荐） */
-    useWindowScroll?: boolean
-  }>(),
-  {
-    rowEstimateSize: 320,
-    gap: 12,
-    overscan: 3,
-    containerHeight: '100%',
-    useWindowScroll: false,
-  },
-)
-
-const emit = defineEmits<{ loadMore: []; scroll: [event: Event] }>()
-
-// 列数兜底为 1，避免外部传 0/负数时切片死循环
-const cols = computed(() => Math.max(1, Math.floor(props.columns) || 1))
-
-const rows = computed<T[][]>(() => {
-  const n = cols.value
-  const list = props.items
-  const out: T[][] = []
-  for (let i = 0; i < list.length; i += n) {
-    out.push(list.slice(i, i + n))
-  }
-  return out
-})
-
-const scrollEl = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-
-// Base Layer：scrollMargin 追踪（window resize + body ResizeObserver 自管理 + 卸载清理）
-const { scrollMargin } = useWindowScrollMargin(scrollEl, () => props.useWindowScroll)
-
-// Base Layer：tanstack 桥接（useVirtualizer/useWindowVirtualizer 二选一 + measureRef null 转发）
-// 网格只在垂直方向虚拟化「行」，不传 getItemKey（key 由 rowItemKey 打在内层卡片上）。
-const { virtualizer, totalSize, virtualItems: virtualRows, measureRef } = useVirtualizerBridge({
-  count: () => rows.value.length,
-  estimateSize: () => props.rowEstimateSize,
-  overscan: () => props.overscan,
-  scrollMargin: () => scrollMargin.value,
-  getScrollElement: () => scrollEl.value,
-  useWindowScroll: props.useWindowScroll,
-})
-
-// Base Layer：触底加载哨兵（sentinel + IntersectionObserver + items.length 兜底）
-const { sentinel: loadMoreSentinel } = useLoadMoreSentinel({
-  itemsLength: () => props.items.length,
-  onFire: () => emit('loadMore'),
-})
-
-function rowItemKey(item: T, rowIdx: number, colIdx: number): string | number {
-  // 优先级：getItemKey 函数 > keyField 字段 > 位置 fallback
-  if (props.getItemKey) {
-    const k = props.getItemKey(item, rowIdx * cols.value + colIdx)
-    if (typeof k === 'string' || typeof k === 'number') return k
-  }
-  if (props.keyField) {
-    const k = (item as Record<string, any>)[props.keyField as string]
-    if (typeof k === 'string' || typeof k === 'number') return k
-  }
-  return `${rowIdx}-${colIdx}`
-}
-
-const gapStr = computed(() => (typeof props.gap === 'number' ? `${props.gap}px` : props.gap))
-
-defineExpose({
-  scrollToRow: (idx: number) => virtualizer.value.scrollToIndex(idx),
-  scrollToIndex: (idx: number) => virtualizer.value.scrollToIndex(idx),
-  scrollToOffset: (px: number) => virtualizer.value.scrollToOffset(px),
-  getScrollElement: () => scrollEl.value,
-  cols,
-})
-
-const containerStyle = computed(() => {
-  if (props.useWindowScroll) {
-    return {
-      position: 'relative' as const,
-      width: '100%' as const,
-    }
-  }
-  return {
-    height:
-      typeof props.containerHeight === 'number'
-        ? `${props.containerHeight}px`
-        : props.containerHeight,
-    overflow: 'auto' as const,
-    overscrollBehavior: 'contain' as const,
-    willChange: 'transform' as const,
-  }
-})
-</script>
-
-<template>
-  <div ref="scrollEl" :style="containerStyle" @scroll="emit('scroll', $event)">
-    <slot v-if="!items.length" name="empty" />
-
-    <div :style="{ height: `${totalSize}px`, position: 'relative', width: '100%' }">
-      <div
-        v-for="v in virtualRows"
-        :key="String(v.key)"
-        :data-index="v.index"
-        :ref="measureRef"
-        :style="{
-          position: 'absolute',
-          top: 0,
-          left: 0,
-          width: '100%',
-          transform: `translateY(${v.start - scrollMargin}px)`,
-          contain: 'layout style',
-        }"
-      >
-        <div
-          :style="{
-            display: 'grid',
-            gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(${cols}, minmax(0, 1fr))`,
-            gap: gapStr,
-            paddingBottom: gapStr,
-          }"
-        >
-          <template
-            v-for="(item, i) in rows[v.index]"
-            :key="rowItemKey(item, v.index, i)"
-          >
-            <slot name="item" :item="item" :row-index="v.index" :col-index="i" />
-          </template>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <!-- 底部 sentinel：进入视口触发 loadMore，比 watch(virtualRows) 更可靠 -->
-    <div
-      v-if="items.length"
-      ref="loadMoreSentinel"
-      aria-hidden="true"
-      style="height: 1px; width: 100%"
-    />
-
-    <slot name="loading" />
-  </div>
-</template>
diff --git a/src/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue b/src/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index 57cda237..00000000
--- a/src/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-  ============================================================
-  VirtualList - @tanstack/vue-virtual 一维虚拟列表兼容层
-  ============================================================
-
-  设计目标：
-    - 把 headless 的 useVirtualizer 封装成 slot 式 SFC
-    - 业务侧只关心「一项 item 长什么样」
-    - 支持两种滚动模式：容器内 scroll（默认）+ 页面 window scroll（useWindowScroll=true）
-    - 内置触底加载（@load-more）
-    - 内置 Layout Jump 防护（measureElement + scroll anchoring）
-    - 内置 Scroll-back Blank 防护（overscroll-behavior + 暴露 scrollTo* 命令式 API）
-
-  典型用法（容器内 scroll，对话框/弹窗）：
-    <VirtualList :items="list" :estimate-size="104" key-field="id"
-                 container-height="60vh" @load-more="loadMore">
-      <template #item="{ item }"> ... </template>
-    </VirtualList>
-
-  典型用法（页面级 window scroll，路由主页）：
-    <VirtualList :items="list" :estimate-size="120" key-field="id"
-                 use-window-scroll @load-more="loadMore">
-      <template #item="{ item }"> ... </template>
-    </VirtualList>
--->
-
-<script setup lang="ts" generic="T extends Record<string, any>">
-import { computed, ref } from 'vue'
-import { useWindowScrollMargin } from '@/composables/virtual/useWindowScrollMargin'
-import { useLoadMoreSentinel } from '@/composables/virtual/useLoadMoreSentinel'
-import { useVirtualizerBridge } from '@/composables/virtual/useVirtualizerBridge'
-
-const props = withDefaults(
-  defineProps<{
-    items: T[]
-    /** 估算每项高度（px）。不定高时仍需给估算值，库自动用 measureElement 校正 */
-    estimateSize?: number
-    /** 视口外预渲染项数。调高减少回滚白屏，调低减少内存 */
-    overscan?: number
-    /** key 字段名，强烈建议传。若同时给了 getItemKey 则后者优先 */
-    keyField?: keyof T
-    /**
-     * 取 key 的函数式入口，优先级高于 keyField。
-     * 用途：单字段 keyField 表达不了的场景，如 fallback 链
-     * `(m) => getMessageKey(m) || index`、组合 id 等。
-     */
-    getItemKey?: (item: T, index: number) => string | number
-    /** 容器内 scroll 模式下的容器高度（useWindowScroll=false 时生效） */
-    containerHeight?: string | number
-    /** 末尾还剩多少项时触发 load-more */
-    loadMoreThreshold?: number
-    /**
-     * 反向加载阈值：当首项 index 小于等于该值时触发 load-more-reverse。
-     * 用途：聊天/消息流场景，滚动到顶端加载更早的内容（如 MessageView）。
-     * 0 = 禁用反向加载（默认）。
-     */
-    loadMoreReverseThreshold?: number
-    /**
-     * 使用页面 window scroll（路由主页推荐）。
-     * - true: 不在内部生成滚动条，跟随页面滚动，自动用 scrollMargin 校正
-     * - false（默认）: 在内部生成固定高度滚动容器（适合对话框/抽屉）
-     */
-    useWindowScroll?: boolean
-  }>(),
-  {
-    estimateSize: 100,
-    overscan: 5,
-    containerHeight: '100%',
-    loadMoreThreshold: 5,
-    loadMoreReverseThreshold: 0,
-    useWindowScroll: false,
-  },
-)
-
-const emit = defineEmits<{
-  loadMore: []
-  loadMoreReverse: []
-  scroll: [event: Event]
-}>()
-
-const scrollEl = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-
-// Base Layer：scrollMargin 追踪（window resize + body ResizeObserver 自管理 + 卸载清理）
-const { scrollMargin } = useWindowScrollMargin(scrollEl, () => props.useWindowScroll)
-
-// Base Layer：tanstack 桥接（useVirtualizer/useWindowVirtualizer 二选一 + measureRef null 转发）
-const { virtualizer, totalSize, virtualItems, measureRef } = useVirtualizerBridge({
-  count: () => props.items.length,
-  estimateSize: () => props.estimateSize,
-  overscan: () => props.overscan,
-  scrollMargin: () => scrollMargin.value,
-  getScrollElement: () => scrollEl.value,
-  useWindowScroll: props.useWindowScroll,
-  // 优先级：getItemKey 函数 > keyField 字段 > index 兜底
-  getItemKey: (i: number) => {
-    const item = props.items[i]
-    if (props.getItemKey && item !== undefined) return props.getItemKey(item, i)
-    if (props.keyField && item !== undefined) return item[props.keyField] as string | number
-    return i
-  },
-})
-
-// Base Layer：触底加载哨兵。容器内 scroll 模式需把 IntersectionObserver root
-// 指向滚动容器（window scroll 模式传 null = 视口）。
-const sentinelRoot = computed(() => (props.useWindowScroll ? null : scrollEl.value))
-
-const { sentinel: loadMoreSentinel } = useLoadMoreSentinel({
-  itemsLength: () => props.items.length,
-  onFire: () => emit('loadMore'),
-  root: sentinelRoot,
-})
-
-// 反向加载（聊天/消息流往上加载更早内容）：再调一次哨兵，按阈值启用。
-const { sentinel: loadMoreReverseSentinel } = useLoadMoreSentinel({
-  itemsLength: () => props.items.length,
-  onFire: () => emit('loadMoreReverse'),
-  root: sentinelRoot,
-  enabled: () => props.loadMoreReverseThreshold > 0,
-})
-
-defineExpose({
-  scrollToIndex: (idx: number, opts?: { align?: 'start' | 'center' | 'end' | 'auto' }) =>
-    virtualizer.value.scrollToIndex(idx, opts),
-  scrollToOffset: (px: number) => virtualizer.value.scrollToOffset(px),
-  getScrollElement: () => scrollEl.value,
-  getVirtualizer: () => virtualizer.value,
-})
-
-const containerStyle = computed(() => {
-  if (props.useWindowScroll) {
-    return {
-      position: 'relative' as const,
-      width: '100%' as const,
-    }
-  }
-  return {
-    height:
-      typeof props.containerHeight === 'number'
-        ? `${props.containerHeight}px`
-        : props.containerHeight,
-    overflow: 'auto' as const,
-    overscrollBehavior: 'contain' as const,
-    willChange: 'transform' as const,
-  }
-})
-</script>
-
-<template>
-  <div ref="scrollEl" :style="containerStyle" @scroll="emit('scroll', $event)">
-    <slot v-if="!items.length" name="empty" />
-
-    <!-- 顶部 sentinel：反向加载（聊天往上加载）-->
-    <div
-      v-if="items.length && loadMoreReverseThreshold > 0"
-      ref="loadMoreReverseSentinel"
-      aria-hidden="true"
-      style="height: 1px; width: 100%"
-    />
-
-    <div :style="{ height: `${totalSize}px`, position: 'relative', width: '100%' }">
-      <div
-        v-for="v in virtualItems"
-        :key="String(v.key)"
-        :data-index="v.index"
-        :ref="measureRef"
-        :style="{
-          position: 'absolute',
-          top: 0,
-          left: 0,
-          width: '100%',
-          transform: `translateY(${v.start - scrollMargin}px)`,
-          contain: 'layout style',
-        }"
-      >
-        <slot name="item" :item="items[v.index]" :index="v.index" :virtual="v" />
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <!-- 底部 sentinel：触底加载 -->
-    <div
-      v-if="items.length"
-      ref="loadMoreSentinel"
-      aria-hidden="true"
-      style="height: 1px; width: 100%"
-    />
-
-    <slot name="loading" />
-  </div>
-</template>
diff --git a/src/components/virtual/VirtualMasonry.vue b/src/components/virtual/VirtualMasonry.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index a0f70fa2..00000000
--- a/src/components/virtual/VirtualMasonry.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-  ============================================================
-  VirtualMasonry - 不等高瀑布流 + 窗口虚拟化
-  ============================================================
-
-  与 VirtualGrid 的区别：
-    - VirtualGrid 假定每张卡等高（适合海报这种 2:3 等比卡）
-    - VirtualMasonry 支持每项独立高度（Pinterest 风、混排）
-
-  布局算法：
-    - 把 items[] 按到 N 列；每来一项放进当前最矮的那一列
-    - 总高度 = max(列高)；可视范围按 scrollY+overscan 过滤位置
-
-  虚拟化策略：
-    - 不依赖 @tanstack/vue-virtual：masonry 没有"行"的概念
-    - 监听 window.scroll 计算可视 Y 区间，只渲染 top..top+vh+overscan 范围的项
-    - 用 requestAnimationFrame 节流，滚动帧率不丢
-
-  高度来源（优先级从高到低）：
-    1. 用户传入 getItemHeight(item) 回调（如根据 aspect ratio 计算）
-    2. estimateItemHeight 兜底
-    （v1 不做 mount 后实测回填——masonry 实测会引发已布局项位移）
-
-  列数由调用方决定（与 VirtualGrid 一致，组件本身不感知容器）：
-    用 useBreakpointCols / useResponsiveCols / 显式数值喂给 :columns。
-
-  典型用法：
-    <script setup>
-    const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 2, sm: 3, md: 4, lg: 5 })
-    </script>
-    <template>
-      <VirtualMasonry
-        :items="people"
-        :columns="cols"
-        :estimate-item-height="280"
-        :get-item-height="p => p.height ?? 280"
-        key-field="id"
-        @load-more="fetchMore">
-        <template #item="{ item }"> <PersonCard :person="item" /> </template>
-      </VirtualMasonry>
-    </template>
--->
-
-<script setup lang="ts" generic="T extends Record<string, any>">
-import { computed, ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount } from 'vue'
-import { useWindowScrollMargin } from '@/composables/virtual/useWindowScrollMargin'
-import { useLoadMoreSentinel } from '@/composables/virtual/useLoadMoreSentinel'
-
-const props = withDefaults(
-  defineProps<{
-    items: T[]
-    /** 列数（必填）。调用方用 useBreakpointCols / useResponsiveCols / 显式数值喂进来 */
-    columns: number
-    /** 估算项高度（px），未提供 getItemHeight 时用这个 */
-    estimateItemHeight?: number
-    /** 从 item 计算实际高度（如已知图片宽高比） */
-    getItemHeight?: (item: T) => number | undefined
-    /** key 字段名（去重 + 复用 DOM） */
-    keyField?: keyof T
-    /** 列间距（px） */
-    gap?: number
-    /** 视口外预渲染像素（上下各 overscan px）*/
-    overscan?: number
-  }>(),
-  {
-    estimateItemHeight: 300,
-    gap: 12,
-    overscan: 600,
-  },
-)
-
-const emit = defineEmits<{ loadMore: [] }>()
-
-// 列数兜底为 1，避免外部传 0/负数时除零
-const cols = computed(() => Math.max(1, Math.floor(props.columns) || 1))
-
-interface LayoutItem {
-  item: T
-  key: string | number
-  top: number
-  leftPct: number
-  widthPct: number
-  height: number
-  col: number
-  index: number
-}
-
-const layout = computed<{ positions: LayoutItem[]; totalHeight: number }>(() => {
-  const n = cols.value
-  const colHeights = new Array<number>(n).fill(0)
-  const positions: LayoutItem[] = []
-  const widthPct = 100 / n
-  const gap = props.gap
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < props.items.length; i++) {
-    const item = props.items[i]
-    // 找最矮列
-    let c = 0
-    let minH = colHeights[0]
-    for (let j = 1; j < n; j++) {
-      if (colHeights[j] < minH) {
-        minH = colHeights[j]
-        c = j
-      }
-    }
-    const top = colHeights[c]
-    const h = props.getItemHeight?.(item) ?? props.estimateItemHeight
-    const key = props.keyField
-      ? ((item as Record<string, any>)[props.keyField as string] ?? i)
-      : i
-    positions.push({
-      item,
-      key,
-      top,
-      leftPct: c * widthPct,
-      widthPct,
-      height: h,
-      col: c,
-      index: i,
-    })
-    colHeights[c] = top + h + gap
-  }
-
-  const totalHeight = colHeights.reduce((m, v) => (v > m ? v : m), 0)
-  return { positions, totalHeight }
-})
-
-const scrollEl = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-const scrollY = ref(0)
-const viewportH = ref(typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window.innerHeight : 800)
-let rafId: number | null = null
-
-// Base Layer：scrollMargin 追踪。Masonry 永远是 window scroll，enabled 恒为 true。
-// （window resize + body ResizeObserver 由 composable 自管理 + 卸载清理）
-const { scrollMargin } = useWindowScrollMargin(scrollEl, () => true)
-
-function onScroll() {
-  if (rafId !== null) return
-  rafId = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-    scrollY.value = window.scrollY
-    rafId = null
-  })
-}
-
-function onResize() {
-  viewportH.value = window.innerHeight
-}
-
-onMounted(() => {
-  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return
-  scrollY.value = window.scrollY
-  window.addEventListener('scroll', onScroll, { passive: true })
-  window.addEventListener('resize', onResize, { passive: true })
-})
-
-onBeforeUnmount(() => {
-  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-    window.removeEventListener('scroll', onScroll)
-    window.removeEventListener('resize', onResize)
-  }
-  if (rafId !== null) {
-    cancelAnimationFrame(rafId)
-    rafId = null
-  }
-})
-
-// 可视范围内的项（含 overscan）：
-// 本组件 Y 坐标系从 0（容器顶）开始；窗口里看到的容器顶 Y =
-// scrollY - scrollMargin（scrollMargin 是容器在文档里的偏移）。
-// 所以可视区间 [vTop, vBottom] 是容器内坐标。
-const visibleItems = computed(() => {
-  const vTop = scrollY.value - scrollMargin.value - props.overscan
-  const vBottom = scrollY.value - scrollMargin.value + viewportH.value + props.overscan
-  return layout.value.positions.filter(p => p.top + p.height >= vTop && p.top <= vBottom)
-})
-
-// Base Layer：触底加载哨兵（sentinel + IntersectionObserver + items.length 兜底）
-const { sentinel: loadMoreSentinel } = useLoadMoreSentinel({
-  itemsLength: () => props.items.length,
-  onFire: () => emit('loadMore'),
-})
-
-defineExpose({
-  getScrollElement: () => scrollEl.value,
-  getLayout: () => layout.value,
-  cols,
-})
-
-const gapStr = computed(() => `${props.gap}px`)
-</script>
-
-<template>
-  <div ref="scrollEl" style="position: relative; width: 100%">
-    <slot v-if="!items.length" name="empty" />
-
-    <!-- 撑出总高度，让滚动条反映真实长度 -->
-    <div :style="{ position: 'relative', height: `${layout.totalHeight}px`, width: '100%' }">
-      <div
-        v-for="p in visibleItems"
-        :key="String(p.key)"
-        :data-index="p.index"
-        :style="{
-          position: 'absolute',
-          top: `${p.top}px`,
-          left: `${p.leftPct}%`,
-          width: `${p.widthPct}%`,
-          height: `${p.height}px`,
-          paddingRight: p.col < cols - 1 ? gapStr : '0',
-          paddingBottom: gapStr,
-          boxSizing: 'border-box',
-          contain: 'layout style',
-        }"
-      >
-        <slot name="item" :item="p.item" :index="p.index" />
-      </div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div
-      v-if="items.length"
-      ref="loadMoreSentinel"
-      aria-hidden="true"
-      style="height: 1px; width: 100%"
-    />
-
-    <slot name="loading" />
-  </div>
-</template>
diff --git a/src/components/virtual/VirtualTree.vue b/src/components/virtual/VirtualTree.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index 17072e9b..00000000
--- a/src/components/virtual/VirtualTree.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-  ============================================================
-  VirtualTree - 虚拟滚动树
-  ============================================================
-
-  设计目标：
-    - 不引入新的虚拟化引擎：VirtualTree = useTreeFlatten + VirtualList
-    - useTreeFlatten 按展开状态把树深度优先扁平成一维数组
-    - VirtualList 负责虚拟滚动 / 触底加载 / measureElement 防泄漏
-    - 业务侧只写「一个节点长什么样」，缩进/展开按钮由业务在 #node slot 里画
-
-  展开状态双模式：
-    - 非受控（默认）：组件内部维护，可用 defaultExpandedKeys 设初值
-    - 受控：传入 expandedKeys 即进入受控模式，组件只 emit update:expandedKeys
-
-  典型用法（文件树，容器内 scroll）：
-    <VirtualTree :nodes="roots" :get-node-id="n => n.path"
-                 :estimate-size="32" container-height="60vh">
-      <template #node="{ node, depth, expanded, hasChildren, toggle }">
-        <div :style="{ paddingInlineStart: `${depth * 16}px` }" @click="hasChildren && toggle()">
-          <VIcon v-if="hasChildren">{{ expanded ? 'mdi-chevron-down' : 'mdi-chevron-right' }}</VIcon>
-          {{ node.name }}
-        </div>
-      </template>
-    </VirtualTree>
--->
-
-<script setup lang="ts" generic="T">
-import { computed, ref } from 'vue'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
-import { useTreeFlatten } from '@/composables/virtual/useTreeFlatten'
-
-const props = withDefaults(
-  defineProps<{
-    /** 根节点数组 */
-    nodes: T[]
-    /** 取节点唯一 id（必填，用作虚拟列表 key + 展开状态键） */
-    getNodeId: (node: T) => string | number
-    /** 取子节点数组，默认读 node.children */
-    getChildren?: (node: T) => T[] | undefined
-    /** 估算行高（px） */
-    estimateSize?: number
-    /** 视口外预渲染项数 */
-    overscan?: number
-    /** 使用页面 window scroll */
-    useWindowScroll?: boolean
-    /** 容器内 scroll 模式下的容器高度 */
-    containerHeight?: string | number
-    /** 受控模式：传入即进入受控，组件只 emit update:expandedKeys */
-    expandedKeys?: (string | number)[]
-    /** 非受控模式的初始展开 id 列表 */
-    defaultExpandedKeys?: (string | number)[]
-  }>(),
-  {
-    getChildren: (node: any) => node?.children,
-    estimateSize: 32,
-    overscan: 8,
-    useWindowScroll: false,
-    containerHeight: '100%',
-    expandedKeys: undefined,
-    defaultExpandedKeys: () => [],
-  },
-)
-
-const emit = defineEmits<{
-  loadMore: []
-  'update:expandedKeys': [keys: (string | number)[]]
-  toggle: [id: string | number, expanded: boolean]
-}>()
-
-// 展开状态：受控（props.expandedKeys 已传）走 emit，非受控走内部 ref。
-const internalExpanded = ref<Set<string | number>>(new Set(props.defaultExpandedKeys))
-const isControlled = computed(() => props.expandedKeys !== undefined)
-const expandedSet = computed<Set<string | number>>(() =>
-  isControlled.value ? new Set(props.expandedKeys) : internalExpanded.value,
-)
-
-function isExpanded(id: string | number) {
-  return expandedSet.value.has(id)
-}
-
-function setExpanded(id: string | number, expanded: boolean) {
-  const next = new Set(expandedSet.value)
-  if (expanded) next.add(id)
-  else next.delete(id)
-  if (isControlled.value) emit('update:expandedKeys', [...next])
-  else internalExpanded.value = next
-  emit('toggle', id, expanded)
-}
-
-function toggle(id: string | number) {
-  setExpanded(id, !expandedSet.value.has(id))
-}
-
-// Base Layer：按展开状态扁平化（纯 computed），结果喂给 VirtualList
-const flatNodes = useTreeFlatten<T>({
-  nodes: () => props.nodes,
-  getId: props.getNodeId,
-  getChildren: node => props.getChildren(node),
-  isExpanded,
-})
-
-const listRef = ref<any>(null)
-
-defineExpose({
-  toggle,
-  expand: (id: string | number) => setExpanded(id, true),
-  collapse: (id: string | number) => setExpanded(id, false),
-  isExpanded,
-  getFlatNodes: () => flatNodes.value,
-  scrollToIndex: (idx: number, opts?: { align?: 'start' | 'center' | 'end' | 'auto' }) =>
-    listRef.value?.scrollToIndex(idx, opts),
-  getScrollElement: () => listRef.value?.getScrollElement?.() ?? null,
-})
-</script>
-
-<template>
-  <VirtualList
-    ref="listRef"
-    :items="flatNodes"
-    key-field="id"
-    :estimate-size="estimateSize"
-    :overscan="overscan"
-    :use-window-scroll="useWindowScroll"
-    :container-height="containerHeight"
-    @load-more="emit('loadMore')"
-  >
-    <template #item="{ item }">
-      <slot
-        name="node"
-        :node="item.node"
-        :id="item.id"
-        :depth="item.depth"
-        :expanded="item.expanded"
-        :has-children="item.hasChildren"
-        :parent-id="item.parentId"
-        :toggle="() => toggle(item.id)"
-      />
-    </template>
-
-    <template #empty>
-      <slot name="empty" />
-    </template>
-
-    <template #loading>
-      <slot name="loading" />
-    </template>
-  </VirtualList>
-</template>
diff --git a/src/composables/useDynamicHeaderTab.ts b/src/composables/useDynamicHeaderTab.ts
index 4037134b..fb1cdcc4 100644
--- a/src/composables/useDynamicHeaderTab.ts
+++ b/src/composables/useDynamicHeaderTab.ts
@@ -68,77 +68,61 @@ export function useDynamicHeaderTab() {
       },
     }
 
-    // 收集所有 watch 句柄，组件 scope 销毁时主动 stop——
-    // 即使在 keep-alive 缓存的页面里，scope 仍归属当前组件，显式 stop
-    // 可保证 ReactiveEffect/Dep 链条释放，避免长跑场景累积。
-    const watchStops: Array<() => void> = []
-
     // 如果启用了PWA状态恢复，监听PWA状态变化并同步到modelValue
     // 但只在非激活状态下响应，避免干扰页面激活时的状态
     if (pwaTabState) {
-      watchStops.push(
-        watch(pwaTabState.activeTab, newTab => {
-          if (newTab && newTab !== config.modelValue.value) {
-            config.modelValue.value = newTab
-            // 更新tabConfig并重新注册
-            tabConfig.modelValue = newTab
-            if (registerDynamicHeaderTab) {
-              registerDynamicHeaderTab(tabConfig)
-            }
+      watch(pwaTabState.activeTab, newTab => {
+        if (newTab && newTab !== config.modelValue.value) {
+          config.modelValue.value = newTab
+          // 更新tabConfig并重新注册
+          tabConfig.modelValue = newTab
+          if (registerDynamicHeaderTab) {
+            registerDynamicHeaderTab(tabConfig)
           }
-        }),
-      )
+        }
+      })
     }
 
     // 监听modelValue变化并更新配置
-    watchStops.push(
-      watch(config.modelValue, newValue => {
-        tabConfig.modelValue = newValue
-        // 同步到PWA状态
-        if (pwaTabState && newValue) {
-          pwaTabState.activeTab.value = newValue
+    watch(config.modelValue, newValue => {
+      tabConfig.modelValue = newValue
+      // 同步到PWA状态
+      if (pwaTabState && newValue) {
+        pwaTabState.activeTab.value = newValue
+      }
+      // 重新注册以更新值
+      if (registerDynamicHeaderTab) {
+        registerDynamicHeaderTab(tabConfig)
+      } else if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+        // 使用全局方法作为备用
+        const globalRegister = (window as any).__VUE_INJECT_DYNAMIC_HEADER_TAB__
+        if (globalRegister) {
+          globalRegister(tabConfig)
         }
-        // 重新注册以更新值
-        if (registerDynamicHeaderTab) {
-          registerDynamicHeaderTab(tabConfig)
-        } else if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-          // 使用全局方法作为备用
-          const globalRegister = (window as any).__VUE_INJECT_DYNAMIC_HEADER_TAB__
-          if (globalRegister) {
-            globalRegister(tabConfig)
-          }
-        }
-      }),
-    )
+      }
+    })
 
     // 如果items是computed或ref，也需要监听其变化
     if (!Array.isArray(config.items)) {
-      watchStops.push(
-        watch(
-          config.items,
-          newItems => {
-            tabConfig.items = newItems
-            // 重新注册以更新items
-            if (registerDynamicHeaderTab) {
-              registerDynamicHeaderTab(tabConfig)
-            } else if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-              // 使用全局方法作为备用
-              const globalRegister = (window as any).__VUE_INJECT_DYNAMIC_HEADER_TAB__
-              if (globalRegister) {
-                globalRegister(tabConfig)
-              }
+      watch(
+        config.items,
+        newItems => {
+          tabConfig.items = newItems
+          // 重新注册以更新items
+          if (registerDynamicHeaderTab) {
+            registerDynamicHeaderTab(tabConfig)
+          } else if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+            // 使用全局方法作为备用
+            const globalRegister = (window as any).__VUE_INJECT_DYNAMIC_HEADER_TAB__
+            if (globalRegister) {
+              globalRegister(tabConfig)
             }
-          },
-          { deep: true },
-        ),
+          }
+        },
+        { deep: true },
       )
     }
 
-    onScopeDispose(() => {
-      watchStops.forEach(stop => stop())
-      watchStops.length = 0
-    })
-
     // 注册函数
     const doRegister = () => {
       // 确保路由路径是最新的
diff --git a/src/composables/useInfiniteScroll.ts b/src/composables/useInfiniteScroll.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..592d59b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/composables/useInfiniteScroll.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import type { Ref } from 'vue'
+
+type InfiniteScrollStatus = 'ok' | 'empty' | 'loading' | 'error'
+
+/**
+ * 无限滚动 composable
+ * 用于管理分页显示和无限滚动加载
+ * @param sourceData - 源数据（响应式引用）
+ * @param pageSize - 每页显示数量，默认20
+ */
+export function useInfiniteScroll<T>(
+  sourceData: Ref<T[]>,
+  pageSize: number = 20
+) {
+  // 显示用的数据列表
+  const displayDataList = ref<T[]>([])
+  
+  // 剩余数据列表（用于无限滚动）
+  const remainingDataList = ref<T[]>([]) as Ref<T[]>
+
+  // 初始化数据
+  function initData() {
+    if (sourceData.value?.length) {
+      // 显示前 pageSize 个
+      displayDataList.value = sourceData.value.slice(0, pageSize) as T[]
+      // 保存剩余数据
+      remainingDataList.value = sourceData.value.slice(pageSize) as T[]
+    } else {
+      displayDataList.value = []
+      remainingDataList.value = []
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 加载更多
+  function loadMore({ done }: { done: (status: InfiniteScrollStatus) => void }) {
+    // 从 remainingDataList 中获取最前面的 pageSize 个元素
+    const itemsToMove = remainingDataList.value.splice(0, pageSize) as T[]
+    ;(displayDataList.value as T[]).push(...itemsToMove)
+    done('ok')
+  }
+
+  // 重置数据
+  function reset() {
+    displayDataList.value = []
+    remainingDataList.value = []
+  }
+
+  // 监听源数据变化，重新初始化
+  watch(sourceData, () => {
+    initData()
+  }, { deep: true, immediate: true })
+
+  return {
+    displayDataList,
+    remainingDataList,
+    initData,
+    loadMore,
+    reset,
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/composables/useScrollRestore.ts b/src/composables/useScrollRestore.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ee17b6c..00000000
--- a/src/composables/useScrollRestore.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * useScrollRestore - 长列表滚动位置 + 数据持久化恢复
- * ============================================================
- *
- * 用途：解决「Scroll-back Blank / 回滚白屏」问题
- *
- * 工作机制：
- *   1. 在 onBeforeRouteLeave / onDeactivated 时保存 scrollTop + items + meta
- *   2. 在 onMounted 时检查 sessionStorage，若有缓存则恢复 items 与滚动位置
- *   3. 数据未缓存时调用业务 loader 拉初始页
- *
- * 配套要求：
- *   - 业务组件持有 items ref<any[]>
- *   - 业务组件持有 VirtualList / VirtualGrid 的 ref（用于调 scrollToOffset）
- *   - keep-alive 命中时本 composable 不重复触发恢复（onActivated 不接管）
- *
- * 典型用法：
- *   const listRef = ref<InstanceType<typeof VirtualList> | null>(null)
- *   const items = ref<Item[]>([])
- *   const pageNum = ref(1)
- *
- *   useScrollRestore({
- *     listRef,
- *     items,
- *     getMeta: () => ({ pageNum: pageNum.value }),
- *     applyMeta: (meta) => { pageNum.value = meta.pageNum ?? 1 },
- *     loader: () => fetchInitial(),
- *   })
- */
-
-import type { Ref } from 'vue'
-import { nextTick, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount } from 'vue'
-import { onBeforeRouteLeave, useRoute } from 'vue-router'
-import { useScrollPositionStore } from '@/stores/scrollPosition'
-
-interface ListRefLike {
-  getScrollElement: () => HTMLElement | null
-  scrollToOffset: (px: number) => void
-}
-
-interface ScrollRestoreOptions<T> {
-  /** VirtualList / VirtualGrid 的 ref（暴露了 getScrollElement / scrollToOffset） */
-  listRef: Ref<ListRefLike | null>
-  /** 业务侧持有的数据数组 ref */
-  items: Ref<T[]>
-  /** 自定义缓存 key（默认用当前路由 fullPath） */
-  cacheKey?: () => string
-  /** 抽取需要持久化的业务元数据（如 pageNum、查询参数） */
-  getMeta?: () => Record<string, any>
-  /** 恢复时回写业务元数据 */
-  applyMeta?: (meta: Record<string, any>) => void
-  /** 无缓存时的初始加载函数 */
-  loader?: () => void | Promise<void>
-}
-
-export function useScrollRestore<T>(opts: ScrollRestoreOptions<T>) {
-  const route = useRoute()
-  const store = useScrollPositionStore()
-
-  const resolveKey = () => opts.cacheKey?.() ?? `scroll:${route.fullPath}`
-
-  // 单次锁：onBeforeRouteLeave + onBeforeUnmount 双钩子防漏，去重避免写两次 store
-  let savedThisCycle = false
-
-  function save() {
-    if (savedThisCycle) return
-    const el = opts.listRef.value?.getScrollElement()
-    if (!el) return
-    store.save<T>(resolveKey(), {
-      scrollTop: el.scrollTop,
-      items: opts.items.value,
-      meta: opts.getMeta?.(),
-    })
-    savedThisCycle = true
-  }
-
-  async function restoreOrLoad() {
-    savedThisCycle = false // 新一轮挂载，允许下次再保存
-    const snap = store.restore<T>(resolveKey())
-    if (snap && snap.items.length > 0) {
-      // 恢复数据 + 元数据 + 滚动位置
-      opts.items.value = snap.items as T[]
-      if (snap.meta) opts.applyMeta?.(snap.meta)
-      await nextTick()
-      // 双 rAF 等 virtualizer 把 totalSize 算稳定（首帧可能为 0）
-      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-        requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-          opts.listRef.value?.scrollToOffset(snap.scrollTop)
-        })
-      })
-    } else {
-      await opts.loader?.()
-    }
-  }
-
-  onMounted(() => {
-    void restoreOrLoad()
-  })
-
-  onBeforeRouteLeave(() => {
-    save()
-  })
-
-  onBeforeUnmount(() => {
-    // 兜底：被 keep-alive 踢出 / 组件销毁时也要保存（savedThisCycle 防双写）
-    save()
-  })
-
-  return { save, restoreOrLoad }
-}
diff --git a/src/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols.ts b/src/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 10747eae..00000000
--- a/src/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-import { computed, type ComputedRef } from 'vue'
-import { useDisplay } from 'vuetify'
-
-/**
- * ============================================================
- * useBreakpointCols - 视口断点驱动的列数
- * ============================================================
- *
- * 把 Vuetify 的视口断点(`useDisplay()`)映射成一个 cols 数值,
- * 喂给 VirtualGrid / VirtualMasonry 的 `:columns` prop。
- *
- * 适用：全宽路由级网格 —— 列数由窗口宽度决定。
- *
- * 容器自适应(嵌在窄/可变宽容器里)请改用 `useResponsiveCols`
- * 或 `<AutoSizer>` 包一层。
- *
- * 典型用法：
- *   <script setup>
- *   const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3, lg: 4, xl: 5, xxl: 5 })
- *   </script>
- *   <template>
- *     <VirtualGrid :columns="cols" ...> ... </VirtualGrid>
- *   </template>
- */
-export interface Breakpoints {
-  xs?: number
-  sm?: number
-  md?: number
-  lg?: number
-  xl?: number
-  xxl?: number
-}
-
-export function useBreakpointCols(breakpoints: Breakpoints): ComputedRef<number> {
-  const display = useDisplay()
-  return computed(() => {
-    if (display.xs.value) return breakpoints.xs ?? 2
-    if (display.sm.value) return breakpoints.sm ?? 3
-    if (display.md.value) return breakpoints.md ?? 4
-    if (display.lg.value) return breakpoints.lg ?? 5
-    if (display.xl.value) return breakpoints.xl ?? 6
-    return breakpoints.xxl ?? 6
-  })
-}
diff --git a/src/composables/virtual/useLoadMoreSentinel.ts b/src/composables/virtual/useLoadMoreSentinel.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e8ec3b33..00000000
--- a/src/composables/virtual/useLoadMoreSentinel.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-import { ref, watch, nextTick, type MaybeRefOrGetter } from 'vue'
-import { useIntersectionObserver } from '@vueuse/core'
-
-/**
- * ============================================================
- * useLoadMoreSentinel - 虚拟滚动 Base Layer：触底/触顶加载哨兵
- * ============================================================
- *
- * 规则：
- *   - sentinel 进入视口 + items 自上次 fire 起已变化 → fire
- *   - sentinel 离开视口 → 解锁
- *   - sentinel 持续 intersecting（短列表/大列宽）时，IntersectionObserver
- *     不会再回调，必须靠 items.length watcher 兜底重新评估 tryFire，
- *     否则只能 fire 一次后死锁、首屏填不满。
- *
- * 业务侧的 onFire 仍需自己持有 loading 锁防并发。
- *
- * VirtualList 的反向加载（聊天往上加载）= 再调一次本 composable，
- * 传 enabled 即可。
- *
- * @param itemsLength  返回当前 items 长度的 getter
- * @param onFire       触发加载的回调
- * @param root         容器内 scroll 模式的 IntersectionObserver root；window scroll 传 undefined
- * @param enabled      是否启用（反向加载未开启时返回 false）
- */
-export function useLoadMoreSentinel(opts: {
-  itemsLength: () => number
-  onFire: () => void
-  root?: MaybeRefOrGetter<HTMLElement | null>
-  enabled?: () => boolean
-}) {
-  const sentinel = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-  let isIntersecting = false
-  let lastFireLen = -1
-
-  function tryFire() {
-    if (opts.enabled && !opts.enabled()) return
-    if (!isIntersecting) return
-    if (lastFireLen >= 0 && opts.itemsLength() === lastFireLen) return
-    lastFireLen = opts.itemsLength()
-    opts.onFire()
-  }
-
-  useIntersectionObserver(
-    sentinel,
-    ([entry]: IntersectionObserverEntry[]) => {
-      isIntersecting = entry.isIntersecting
-      if (isIntersecting) tryFire()
-    },
-    { root: opts.root, rootMargin: '200px', threshold: 0 },
-  )
-
-  watch(opts.itemsLength, (len: number) => {
-    if (len === 0) {
-      // 列表清空（如换搜索词）→ 重置锁状态
-      lastFireLen = -1
-      return
-    }
-    // 等下一帧，让 DOM 完成布局后再判断 sentinel 位置
-    nextTick(tryFire)
-  })
-
-  return { sentinel, tryFire }
-}
diff --git a/src/composables/virtual/useResponsiveCols.ts b/src/composables/virtual/useResponsiveCols.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 700481a5..00000000
--- a/src/composables/virtual/useResponsiveCols.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-import { computed, type Ref, type ComputedRef } from 'vue'
-import { useElementSize } from '@vueuse/core'
-
-/**
- * ============================================================
- * useResponsiveCols - 容器宽度驱动的列数
- * ============================================================
- *
- * 用 `@vueuse/core` 的 `useElementSize` 观察容器宽度,
- * 按 `minItemWidth` 算出能塞下几列。
- *
- * 适用：嵌在窄/可变宽容器里的网格 —— dashboard 卡片、对话框等
- * 「视口断点表达不了」的场景。
- *
- * 典型用法(配合 AutoSizer)：
- *   <AutoSizer #default="{ width }">
- *     <VirtualGrid
- *       :columns="useResponsiveCols(autoSizerRef, { minItemWidth: 240 })"
- *       :container-height="'10rem'" ...
- *     />
- *   </AutoSizer>
- *
- * 或直接传一个外层容器 ref：
- *   const wrapperRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
- *   const cols = useResponsiveCols(wrapperRef, { minItemWidth: 240 })
- */
-export function useResponsiveCols(
-  containerRef: Ref<HTMLElement | null>,
-  opts: {
-    /** 单项最小宽度（含 gap 估算更稳，但不强求） */
-    minItemWidth: number
-    /** 最少列数（默认 1，避免 width=0 时返回 0） */
-    min?: number
-    /** 最多列数（可选上限） */
-    max?: number
-  },
-): ComputedRef<number> {
-  const { width } = useElementSize(containerRef)
-  return computed(() => {
-    const w = width.value
-    const minCols = opts.min ?? 1
-    if (!w || opts.minItemWidth <= 0) return minCols
-    const raw = Math.floor(w / opts.minItemWidth)
-    let n = Math.max(minCols, raw)
-    if (opts.max !== undefined) n = Math.min(opts.max, n)
-    return n
-  })
-}
diff --git a/src/composables/virtual/useTreeFlatten.ts b/src/composables/virtual/useTreeFlatten.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a2acb789..00000000
--- a/src/composables/virtual/useTreeFlatten.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import { computed, type ComputedRef } from 'vue'
-
-/**
- * ============================================================
- * useTreeFlatten - 虚拟滚动 Base Layer：树扁平化
- * ============================================================
- *
- * 把树形数据按「当前展开状态」深度优先扁平成一维数组，
- * 交给 VirtualList 做虚拟滚动。纯 computed，无 DOM 副作用，易测。
- *
- * VirtualTree 即「useTreeFlatten + VirtualList」的组合，
- * 不引入新的虚拟化引擎。
- */
-export interface FlatTreeNode<T> {
-  /** 原始节点 */
-  node: T
-  /** 节点唯一 id */
-  id: string | number
-  /** 层级深度，根节点为 0 */
-  depth: number
-  /** 是否已展开（仅 hasChildren 时有意义） */
-  expanded: boolean
-  /** 是否有子节点 */
-  hasChildren: boolean
-  /** 父节点 id，根节点为 null */
-  parentId: string | number | null
-}
-
-/**
- * @param nodes        根节点数组的 getter
- * @param getId        取节点唯一 id
- * @param getChildren  取子节点数组（无子节点返回 undefined/[]）
- * @param isExpanded   判断某 id 当前是否展开
- */
-export function useTreeFlatten<T>(opts: {
-  nodes: () => T[]
-  getId: (node: T) => string | number
-  getChildren: (node: T) => T[] | undefined
-  isExpanded: (id: string | number) => boolean
-}): ComputedRef<FlatTreeNode<T>[]> {
-  return computed(() => {
-    const out: FlatTreeNode<T>[] = []
-
-    const walk = (list: T[], depth: number, parentId: string | number | null) => {
-      for (const node of list) {
-        const id = opts.getId(node)
-        const children = opts.getChildren(node)
-        const hasChildren = !!children && children.length > 0
-        const expanded = hasChildren && opts.isExpanded(id)
-        out.push({ node, id, depth, expanded, hasChildren, parentId })
-        if (expanded && children) walk(children, depth + 1, id)
-      }
-    }
-
-    walk(opts.nodes(), 0, null)
-    return out
-  })
-}
diff --git a/src/composables/virtual/useVirtualizerBridge.ts b/src/composables/virtual/useVirtualizerBridge.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index cba845a7..00000000
--- a/src/composables/virtual/useVirtualizerBridge.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { useVirtualizer, useWindowVirtualizer } from '@tanstack/vue-virtual'
-
-/**
- * ============================================================
- * useVirtualizerBridge - 虚拟滚动 Base Layer：tanstack 桥接
- * ============================================================
- *
- * 封装 useVirtualizer / useWindowVirtualizer 的二选一 + measureRef null 转发。
- * 供 VirtualGrid / VirtualList 复用（VirtualMasonry 不走 tanstack，无 row 概念）。
- *
- * 为什么必须二选一：scroll 事件不冒泡到 <html>，
- * useVirtualizer + document.scrollingElement 会让 virtualizer 永远以为
- * scrollOffset=0 → 虚拟化失效。window scroll 必须用 useWindowVirtualizer。
- *
- * measureRef 的 null 转发是内存泄漏修复的【唯一真源】——
- * 行/项卸载时 Vue 用 null 调用 ref 回调，必须把 null 转发给 measureElement，
- * 否则 @tanstack/virtual-core 不会执行 elementsCache 的清理分支
- * （它只在 measureElement(null) 时遍历并 unobserve 掉 !isConnected 的元素）。
- * 不转发的话 ResizeObserver 会强引用每个曾渲染过的元素，
- * detached DOM 无法 GC → 钉住其下所有 Vue 组件实例（内存泄漏根因）。
- */
-export function useVirtualizerBridge(opts: {
-  count: () => number
-  estimateSize: () => number
-  overscan: () => number
-  scrollMargin: () => number
-  getScrollElement: () => HTMLElement | null
-  useWindowScroll: boolean
-  /** 可选：把 index 映射为稳定 key（VirtualList 用，VirtualGrid 自行做 row chunking 不传） */
-  getItemKey?: (index: number) => string | number
-}) {
-  const virtualizer = (opts.useWindowScroll
-    ? useWindowVirtualizer({
-        get count() {
-          return opts.count()
-        },
-        estimateSize: () => opts.estimateSize(),
-        get overscan() {
-          return opts.overscan()
-        },
-        get scrollMargin() {
-          return opts.scrollMargin()
-        },
-        ...(opts.getItemKey ? { getItemKey: opts.getItemKey } : {}),
-      })
-    : useVirtualizer({
-        get count() {
-          return opts.count()
-        },
-        getScrollElement: () => opts.getScrollElement(),
-        estimateSize: () => opts.estimateSize(),
-        get overscan() {
-          return opts.overscan()
-        },
-        get scrollMargin() {
-          return opts.scrollMargin()
-        },
-        ...(opts.getItemKey ? { getItemKey: opts.getItemKey } : {}),
-      })) as unknown as ReturnType<typeof useVirtualizer<Element, Element>>
-
-  const totalSize = computed(() => virtualizer.value.getTotalSize())
-  const virtualItems = computed(() => virtualizer.value.getVirtualItems())
-
-  function measureRef(el: any) {
-    if (el instanceof HTMLElement) {
-      virtualizer.value.measureElement(el)
-    } else {
-      // 见文件头注释：null 必须转发，否则 ResizeObserver 泄漏 detached DOM。
-      virtualizer.value.measureElement(null)
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { virtualizer, totalSize, virtualItems, measureRef }
-}
diff --git a/src/composables/virtual/useWindowScrollMargin.ts b/src/composables/virtual/useWindowScrollMargin.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index d00fcb94..00000000
--- a/src/composables/virtual/useWindowScrollMargin.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-import { ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount, type Ref } from 'vue'
-
-/**
- * ============================================================
- * useWindowScrollMargin - 虚拟滚动 Base Layer：scrollMargin 追踪
- * ============================================================
- *
- * window scroll 模式下，virtualizer 需要知道滚动容器顶部相对文档的 Y 偏移
- * （scrollMargin = getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollY），才能把"窗口滚动量"
- * 换算成"容器内坐标"。
- *
- * 何时会变陈旧 —— 列表【上方】的内容高度变化（折叠面板展开、异步内容撑高等），
- * 会把列表整体往下推，scrollMargin 必须随之更新，否则虚拟项渲染位置整体偏移
- * （出现空隙或重叠）。三道防线覆盖：
- *   1. window resize          —— 视口尺寸变化
- *   2. body ResizeObserver    —— body 盒子自身变化（内容驱动高度的布局下，
- *                                上方内容撑高会让 body 长高 → 触发）
- *   3. window scroll（rAF 节流）—— 自愈兜底：当布局是 `html,body{height:100%}`、
- *      滚动发生在 <html> 上时，上方内容撑高【不会】改变 body 盒子 → RO 不触发，
- *      此时靠下一次 scroll 重算自愈。正常滚动时 rect.top+scrollY 恒定（写回同值
- *      不触发响应式），只有真发生上方位移才会写入新值，故几乎零成本、无抖动。
- *
- * 残留边角：上方面板展开且用户【不滚动】、同时布局又非内容驱动高度 —— 此时
- * 需要消费方在已知的 toggle 时机主动调用返回的 updateScrollMargin() 即可消除。
- *
- * @param scrollEl  绑定到滚动容器根元素的模板 ref
- * @param enabled   是否启用（容器内 scroll 模式返回 false，window scroll 返回 true）
- */
-export function useWindowScrollMargin(scrollEl: Ref<HTMLElement | null>, enabled: () => boolean) {
-  const scrollMargin = ref(0)
-  let resizeObserver: ResizeObserver | null = null
-  let rafId: number | null = null
-
-  function updateScrollMargin() {
-    if (!enabled() || !scrollEl.value || typeof window === 'undefined') {
-      scrollMargin.value = 0
-      return
-    }
-    scrollMargin.value = scrollEl.value.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.scrollY
-  }
-
-  // scroll 自愈：rAF 节流，避免占用滚动热路径。
-  function onScroll() {
-    if (rafId !== null) return
-    rafId = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-      rafId = null
-      updateScrollMargin()
-    })
-  }
-
-  onMounted(() => {
-    updateScrollMargin()
-    if (enabled() && typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-      window.addEventListener('resize', updateScrollMargin, { passive: true })
-      window.addEventListener('scroll', onScroll, { passive: true })
-      resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(updateScrollMargin)
-      if (document.body) resizeObserver.observe(document.body)
-    }
-  })
-
-  onBeforeUnmount(() => {
-    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-      window.removeEventListener('resize', updateScrollMargin)
-      window.removeEventListener('scroll', onScroll)
-    }
-    if (rafId !== null) {
-      cancelAnimationFrame(rafId)
-      rafId = null
-    }
-    resizeObserver?.disconnect()
-    resizeObserver = null
-  })
-
-  return { scrollMargin, updateScrollMargin }
-}
diff --git a/src/layouts/components/DefaultLayout.vue b/src/layouts/components/DefaultLayout.vue
index 3e855479..4898045a 100644
--- a/src/layouts/components/DefaultLayout.vue
+++ b/src/layouts/components/DefaultLayout.vue
@@ -258,9 +258,6 @@ function appendPluginSidebarMenus() {
   }
 }
 
-// 未读消息订阅句柄，在 onMounted 里赋值、onBeforeUnmount 里回收
-let unsubscribeUnread: (() => void) | null = null
-
 onMounted(async () => {
   // 获取菜单列表
   startMenus.value = getMenuList(t('menu.start'))
@@ -273,23 +270,20 @@ onMounted(async () => {
   appendPluginSidebarMenus()
 
   // 监听全局未读消息事件
-  unsubscribeUnread = onUnreadMessage(handleUnreadMessage)
+  const unsubscribe = onUnreadMessage(handleUnreadMessage)
 
   // 监听Service Worker消息
   if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
     navigator.serviceWorker.addEventListener('message', handleServiceWorkerMessage)
   }
-})
 
-// 卸载清理必须同步注册：放在 onMounted 的 async 回调里、且在 await 之后，
-// Vue 的"当前组件实例"上下文已丢失，onBeforeUnmount 会报
-// "no active component instance" 并且监听器永远不会被回收。
-onBeforeUnmount(() => {
-  unsubscribeUnread?.()
-  unsubscribeUnread = null
-  if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
-    navigator.serviceWorker.removeEventListener('message', handleServiceWorkerMessage)
-  }
+  // 组件卸载时清理监听
+  onBeforeUnmount(() => {
+    unsubscribe()
+    if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
+      navigator.serviceWorker.removeEventListener('message', handleServiceWorkerMessage)
+    }
+  })
 })
 </script>
 
diff --git a/src/pages/recommend.vue b/src/pages/recommend.vue
index 37ed3957..45e04032 100644
--- a/src/pages/recommend.vue
+++ b/src/pages/recommend.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import api from '@/api'
 import { RecommendSource } from '@/api/types'
 import MediaCardSlideView from '@/views/discover/MediaCardSlideView.vue'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { useDisplay } from 'vuetify'
 import { useDynamicHeaderTab } from '@/composables/useDynamicHeaderTab'
@@ -270,25 +269,16 @@ onActivated(async () => {
 <template>
   <div class="mp-recommend">
     <!-- 滚动内容区域 -->
-    <!--
-      用 VirtualList 纵向虚拟化 13 个 SlideView：
-      原先 TransitionGroup 把所有 SlideView 一直挂在 DOM 上，导致
-      13 × ~15 visible cards = 195 张卡 + 195 张 decoded bitmap 常驻；
-      虚拟化后只挂载视口附近 2-3 个 SlideView。
-      estimate-size=320 ≈ 9rem 卡片高(216px) + 标题/边距(~100px)。
-    -->
     <div class="recommend-content">
-      <VirtualList
-        :items="filteredViews"
-        :estimate-size="320"
-        key-field="title"
-        :overscan="2"
-        use-window-scroll
-      >
-        <template #item="{ item }">
-          <MediaCardSlideView v-bind="item" :ready="isReady" class="content-group" />
-        </template>
-      </VirtualList>
+      <TransitionGroup name="fade">
+        <MediaCardSlideView
+          v-for="item in filteredViews"
+          :key="item.title"
+          v-bind="item"
+          :ready="isReady"
+          class="content-group"
+        />
+      </TransitionGroup>
 
       <div v-if="isReady && filteredViews.length === 0" class="empty-category">
         <VIcon icon="mdi-alert-circle-outline" size="large" class="empty-icon" />
diff --git a/src/pages/resource.vue b/src/pages/resource.vue
index 9d5a5111..a09aa59a 100644
--- a/src/pages/resource.vue
+++ b/src/pages/resource.vue
@@ -6,18 +6,13 @@ import api from '@/api'
 import type { Context } from '@/api/types'
 import TorrentCard from '@/components/cards/TorrentCard.vue'
 import TorrentItem from '@/components/cards/TorrentItem.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import TorrentFilterBar from '@/components/filter/TorrentFilterBar.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { useGlobalSettingsStore } from '@/stores/global'
 import { useTorrentFilter, type FilterState } from '@/composables/useTorrentFilter'
 import { useToast } from 'vue-toastification'
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 2, lg: 3, xl: 4, xxl: 4 })
-
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
@@ -1171,19 +1166,17 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
               class="stream-result-item"
             />
           </div>
-          <VirtualGrid
+          <ProgressiveCardGrid
             v-else-if="filteredCardDataList.length > 0"
             :items="filteredCardDataList"
-            :columns="cols"
-            :row-estimate-size="400"
-            :gap="16"
-            :overscan="3"
-            use-window-scroll
+            :get-item-key="getTorrentItemKey"
+            :min-item-width="300"
+            :estimated-item-height="400"
           >
-            <template #item="{ item }">
+            <template #default="{ item }">
               <TorrentCard :torrent="item" :more="item.more" />
             </template>
-          </VirtualGrid>
+          </ProgressiveCardGrid>
           <!-- 无结果时显示 -->
           <div v-if="!progressActive && filteredCardDataList.length === 0" class="no-results">
             <VIcon icon="mdi-file-search-outline" size="64" color="grey-lighten-1" />
@@ -1210,19 +1203,19 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
               </div>
             </div>
             <div v-else-if="filteredRowDataList.length > 0" class="resource-list">
-              <VirtualList
+              <ProgressiveCardGrid
                 :items="filteredRowDataList"
-                :estimate-size="240"
-                :overscan="5"
-                use-window-scroll
+                :columns="1"
+                :gap="8"
+                :estimated-item-height="240"
+                :overscan-rows="6"
+                :get-item-key="getTorrentItemKey"
               >
-                <template #item="{ item, index }">
-                  <div :key="getTorrentItemKey(item, index)">
-                    <TorrentItem :torrent="item" />
-                    <VDivider v-if="index < filteredRowDataList.length - 1" class="my-2" />
-                  </div>
+                <template #default="{ item, index }">
+                  <TorrentItem :torrent="item" />
+                  <VDivider v-if="index < filteredRowDataList.length - 1" class="my-2" />
                 </template>
-              </VirtualList>
+              </ProgressiveCardGrid>
             </div>
           </VCard>
         </div>
diff --git a/src/router/index.ts b/src/router/index.ts
index cb5a1380..1499ddbc 100644
--- a/src/router/index.ts
+++ b/src/router/index.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ const router = createRouter({
           path: '/recommend',
           component: () => import('../pages/recommend.vue'),
           meta: {
+            keepAlive: true,
             requiresAuth: true,
           },
         },
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ const router = createRouter({
           path: '/discover',
           component: () => import('../pages/discover.vue'),
           meta: {
+            keepAlive: true,
             requiresAuth: true,
           },
         },
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ const router = createRouter({
           path: '/subscribe/movie',
           component: () => import('../pages/subscribe.vue'),
           meta: {
+            keepAlive: true,
             requiresAuth: true,
             subType: '电影',
           },
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ const router = createRouter({
           path: '/subscribe/tv',
           component: () => import('../pages/subscribe.vue'),
           meta: {
+            keepAlive: true,
             requiresAuth: true,
             subType: '电视剧',
           },
diff --git a/src/stores/scrollPosition.ts b/src/stores/scrollPosition.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a1f9b90..00000000
--- a/src/stores/scrollPosition.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * 滚动位置持久化 store
- * 用途：解决「Scroll-back Blank / 回滚白屏」问题
- *
- * 工作机制：
- *   - 在长列表页面 onBeforeRouteLeave 时保存当前 scrollTop + 已加载数据
- *   - 在 onMounted 时检查是否有缓存，若有则恢复数据 + 滚动位置
- *   - 即使 keep-alive 把组件踢出（项目配置 :max="12"），数据/滚动位置仍可恢复
- *
- * 持久化策略：
- *   - sessionStorage：仅当前浏览器会话有效，不污染长期存储
- *   - 单条记录有 TTL（默认 30 分钟），过期自动作废
- */
-
-import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
-
-interface ScrollSnapshot<T = unknown> {
-  scrollTop: number
-  items: T[]
-  /** 业务侧用于恢复分页状态的额外数据 */
-  meta?: Record<string, any>
-  savedAt: number
-}
-
-const TTL_MS = 30 * 60 * 1000 // 30 分钟
-
-export const useScrollPositionStore = defineStore('scrollPosition', {
-  state: () => ({
-    snapshots: {} as Record<string, ScrollSnapshot<any>>,
-  }),
-
-  actions: {
-    save<T>(key: string, snapshot: Omit<ScrollSnapshot<T>, 'savedAt'>) {
-      this.snapshots[key] = { ...snapshot, savedAt: Date.now() }
-    },
-
-    restore<T>(key: string): ScrollSnapshot<T> | null {
-      const snap = this.snapshots[key] as ScrollSnapshot<T> | undefined
-      if (!snap) return null
-      // 过期作废
-      if (Date.now() - snap.savedAt > TTL_MS) {
-        delete this.snapshots[key]
-        return null
-      }
-      return snap
-    },
-
-    clear(key: string) {
-      delete this.snapshots[key]
-    },
-
-    clearAll() {
-      this.snapshots = {}
-    },
-
-    /** 清除所有过期项（启动时可调用） */
-    cleanExpired() {
-      const now = Date.now()
-      for (const key of Object.keys(this.snapshots)) {
-        if (now - this.snapshots[key].savedAt > TTL_MS) {
-          delete this.snapshots[key]
-        }
-      }
-    },
-  },
-
-  persist: {
-    // sessionStorage：浏览器会话级，不污染 localStorage
-    storage: typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window.sessionStorage : undefined,
-    pick: ['snapshots'],
-  } as any,
-})
diff --git a/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLatest.vue b/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLatest.vue
index 1c6c24ad..355db462 100644
--- a/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLatest.vue
+++ b/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLatest.vue
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import api from '@/api'
 import type { MediaServerConf, MediaServerPlayItem } from '@/api/types'
 import PosterCard from '@/components/cards/PosterCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useResponsiveCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useResponsiveCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 // 国际化
@@ -16,11 +15,6 @@ const latestList = ref<{ [key: string]: MediaServerPlayItem[] }>({})
 // 所有媒体服务器设置
 const mediaServers = ref<MediaServerConf[]>([])
 
-// 容器宽度驱动列数（dashboard 卡片宽度由布局决定，不能用视口断点）。
-// 多个服务器段落共用一个 wrapRef —— 它们在 dashboard 中竖向堆叠、宽度相同。
-const wrapRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-const cols = useResponsiveCols(wrapRef, { minItemWidth: 144 })
-
 // 调用API查询媒体服务器设置
 async function loadMediaServerSetting() {
   try {
@@ -63,7 +57,7 @@ onActivated(() => {
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <div ref="wrapRef">
+  <div>
     <VHover v-for="(data, name) in latestList" :key="name">
       <template #default="hover">
         <VCard v-bind="hover.props">
@@ -74,20 +68,18 @@ onActivated(() => {
             <VCardTitle>{{ t('dashboard.latest') }} - {{ name }}</VCardTitle>
           </VCardItem>
 
-          <VirtualGrid
+          <ProgressiveCardGrid
             :items="data"
-            :columns="cols"
-            :row-estimate-size="240"
-            :gap="12"
-            :get-item-key="(item: MediaServerPlayItem) => item.id || item.link || item.title"
-            use-window-scroll
+            :get-item-key="item => item.id || item.link || item.title"
+            :min-item-width="144"
+            :item-aspect-ratio="1.5"
             class="mx-3 mb-3"
             tabindex="0"
           >
-            <template #item="{ item }">
+            <template #default="{ item }">
               <PosterCard :media="item" />
             </template>
-          </VirtualGrid>
+          </ProgressiveCardGrid>
         </VCard>
       </template>
     </VHover>
diff --git a/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLibrary.vue b/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLibrary.vue
index 9fd737cf..cb5091c5 100644
--- a/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLibrary.vue
+++ b/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerLibrary.vue
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 import api from '@/api'
 import type { MediaServerConf, MediaServerLibrary } from '@/api/types'
 import LibraryCard from '@/components/cards/LibraryCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useResponsiveCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useResponsiveCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 // 国际化
@@ -15,10 +14,6 @@ const libraryList = ref<MediaServerLibrary[]>([])
 // 所有媒体服务器设置
 const mediaServers = ref<MediaServerConf[]>([])
 
-// 容器宽度驱动列数（dashboard 卡片宽度由布局决定，不能用视口断点）
-const wrapRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-const cols = useResponsiveCols(wrapRef, { minItemWidth: 240 })
-
 // 调用API查询媒体服务器设置
 async function loadMediaServerSetting() {
   try {
@@ -75,21 +70,18 @@ onActivated(() => {
           </template>
           <VCardTitle>{{ t('dashboard.library') }}</VCardTitle>
         </VCardItem>
-        <div ref="wrapRef" class="mx-3 mb-3">
-          <VirtualGrid
-            :items="libraryList"
-            :columns="cols"
-            :row-estimate-size="180"
-            :gap="12"
-            :get-item-key="(item: MediaServerLibrary) => item.id || item.name"
-            use-window-scroll
-            tabindex="0"
-          >
-            <template #item="{ item }">
-              <LibraryCard :media="item" height="10rem" />
-            </template>
-          </VirtualGrid>
-        </div>
+        <ProgressiveCardGrid
+          :items="libraryList"
+          :get-item-key="item => item.id || item.name"
+          :min-item-width="240"
+          :estimated-item-height="160"
+          class="mx-3 mb-3"
+          tabindex="0"
+        >
+          <template #default="{ item }">
+            <LibraryCard :media="item" height="10rem" />
+          </template>
+        </ProgressiveCardGrid>
       </VCard>
     </template>
   </VHover>
diff --git a/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerPlaying.vue b/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerPlaying.vue
index 0085e076..db1967e0 100644
--- a/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerPlaying.vue
+++ b/src/views/dashboard/MediaServerPlaying.vue
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 import api from '@/api'
 import type { MediaServerConf, MediaServerPlayItem } from '@/api/types'
 import BackdropCard from '@/components/cards/BackdropCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useResponsiveCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useResponsiveCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 // 国际化
@@ -15,10 +14,6 @@ const playingList = ref<MediaServerPlayItem[]>([])
 // 所有媒体服务器设置
 const mediaServers = ref<MediaServerConf[]>([])
 
-// 容器宽度驱动列数（dashboard 卡片宽度由布局决定，不能用视口断点）
-const wrapRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
-const cols = useResponsiveCols(wrapRef, { minItemWidth: 240 })
-
 // 调用API查询媒体服务器设置
 async function loadMediaServerSetting() {
   try {
@@ -76,21 +71,18 @@ onActivated(() => {
           <VCardTitle>{{ t('dashboard.playing') }}</VCardTitle>
         </VCardItem>
 
-        <div ref="wrapRef" class="mx-3 mb-3">
-          <VirtualGrid
-            :items="playingList"
-            :columns="cols"
-            :row-estimate-size="180"
-            :gap="12"
-            :get-item-key="(item: MediaServerPlayItem) => item.id || item.link || item.title"
-            use-window-scroll
-            tabindex="0"
-          >
-            <template #item="{ item }">
-              <BackdropCard :media="item" height="10rem" />
-            </template>
-          </VirtualGrid>
-        </div>
+        <ProgressiveCardGrid
+          :items="playingList"
+          :get-item-key="item => item.id || item.link || item.title"
+          :min-item-width="240"
+          :estimated-item-height="160"
+          class="mx-3 mb-3"
+          tabindex="0"
+        >
+          <template #default="{ item }">
+            <BackdropCard :media="item" height="10rem" />
+          </template>
+        </ProgressiveCardGrid>
       </VCard>
     </template>
   </VHover>
diff --git a/src/views/discover/MediaCardListView.vue b/src/views/discover/MediaCardListView.vue
index a73088ac..ae3f7ca8 100644
--- a/src/views/discover/MediaCardListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/discover/MediaCardListView.vue
@@ -2,44 +2,45 @@
 import api from '@/api'
 import type { MediaInfo } from '@/api/types'
 import MediaCard from '@/components/cards/MediaCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 3, sm: 4, md: 6, lg: 8, xl: 10, xxl: 12 })
-
 // 输入参数
 const props = defineProps({
   apipath: String,
   params: Object as PropType<{ [key: string]: any }>,
 })
 
+// 判断是否有滚动条
+function hasScroll() {
+  return document.body.scrollHeight - (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) > 2
+}
+
 // 当前页码
 const page = ref(1)
 
-// 是否加载中（同时作为触底加载的锁）
+// 是否加载中
 const loading = ref(false)
 
 // 是否加载完成
 const isRefreshed = ref(false)
 
-// 是否还有更多
-const hasMore = ref(true)
-
 // 使用 shallowRef 避免长列表中的深层代理开销
 const dataList = shallowRef<MediaInfo[]>([])
 
-// 用于保存已处理过的 key（去重）
+// 用于保存已处理过的 key
 const seenKeys = new Set<string>()
 
 // 拼装参数
 function getParams() {
-  let params = { page: page.value }
+  let params = {
+    page: page.value,
+  }
   if (props.params) params = { ...params, ...props.params }
+
   return params
 }
 
@@ -60,63 +61,115 @@ const dedupFields = [
 function deduplicate(items: MediaInfo[]): MediaInfo[] {
   return items.filter(item => {
     const key = dedupFields.map(field => String(item[field])).join('~')
-    if (seenKeys.has(key)) return false
+    if (seenKeys.has(key)) {
+      return false
+    }
     seenKeys.add(key)
     return true
   })
 }
 
-// 获取列表数据（VirtualGrid @load-more 触发）
-async function fetchData() {
-  if (!props.apipath) return
-  if (loading.value || !hasMore.value) return
-  loading.value = true
-  try {
-    const rawData: MediaInfo[] = await api.get(props.apipath, {
-      params: getParams(),
-    })
-    isRefreshed.value = true
-    if (!rawData || rawData.length === 0) {
-      hasMore.value = false
-      return
-    }
-    const uniqueData = deduplicate(rawData)
-    dataList.value = dataList.value.concat(uniqueData)
-    page.value++
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error(error)
-  } finally {
-    loading.value = false
+function appendData(items: MediaInfo[]) {
+  dataList.value = dataList.value.concat(items)
+}
+
+async function loadPageData() {
+  const rawData: MediaInfo[] = await api.get(props.apipath!, {
+    params: getParams(),
+  })
+
+  return {
+    rawCount: rawData.length,
+    uniqueData: deduplicate(rawData),
   }
 }
 
-// 初始加载
-onMounted(() => {
-  void fetchData()
-})
+// 获取列表数据
+async function fetchData({ done }: { done: any }) {
+  try {
+    if (!props.apipath) return
+
+    // 如果正在加载中，直接返回
+    if (loading.value) {
+      done('ok')
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 加载到满屏或者加载出错
+    if (!hasScroll()) {
+      // 加载多次
+      while (!hasScroll()) {
+        // 设置加载中
+        loading.value = true
+        // 请求API
+        const { rawCount, uniqueData } = await loadPageData()
+        // 取消加载中
+        loading.value = false
+        // 标计为已请求完成
+        isRefreshed.value = true
+        if (rawCount === 0) {
+          // 如果没有数据，跳出
+          done('empty')
+          return
+        }
+        // 合并数据
+        appendData(uniqueData)
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    } else {
+      // 加载一次
+      // 设置加载中
+      loading.value = true
+      // 请求API
+      const { rawCount, uniqueData } = await loadPageData()
+      // 标计为已请求完成
+      isRefreshed.value = true
+      if (rawCount === 0) {
+        // 如果没有数据，跳出
+        done('empty')
+      } else {
+        // 合并数据
+        appendData(uniqueData)
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    }
+    // 取消加载中
+    loading.value = false
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(error)
+    // 返回加载失败
+    done('error')
+  }
+}
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
-  <VirtualGrid
-    v-if="isRefreshed && dataList.length > 0"
-    :items="dataList"
-    :columns="cols"
-    :row-estimate-size="280"
-    :gap="16"
-    :overscan="3"
-    use-window-scroll
-    class="pt-3 px-3"
-    @load-more="fetchData"
-  >
-    <template #item="{ item }">
-      <MediaCard :media="item" />
-    </template>
-  </VirtualGrid>
-  <NoDataFound
-    v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
-    error-code="404"
-    :error-title="t('common.noData')"
-    :error-description="t('error.networkError')"
-  />
+  <VInfiniteScroll mode="intersect" side="end" :items="dataList" class="overflow-visible pt-3 px-2" @load="fetchData">
+    <template #loading />
+    <template #empty />
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
+      v-if="dataList.length > 0"
+      :items="dataList"
+      :item-aspect-ratio="1.5"
+      :get-item-key="item => item.tmdb_id || item.douban_id || item.bangumi_id || item.media_id || item.title"
+      tabindex="0"
+    >
+      <template #default="{ item }">
+        <MediaCard :media="item" />
+      </template>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
+    <NoDataFound
+      v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
+      error-code="404"
+      :error-title="t('common.noData')"
+      :error-description="t('error.networkError')"
+    />
+  </VInfiniteScroll>
 </template>
diff --git a/src/views/discover/MediaCardSlideView.vue b/src/views/discover/MediaCardSlideView.vue
index 9b62add8..49bfa91d 100644
--- a/src/views/discover/MediaCardSlideView.vue
+++ b/src/views/discover/MediaCardSlideView.vue
@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ import { useIntersectionObserver, until } from '@vueuse/core'
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
-// 模块级数据缓存：当外层用 VirtualList 虚拟化时，SlideView 会随滚动
-// 反复 unmount/mount，没有缓存会每次重新请求后端（公网部署还会打到 TMDB）。
-// 缓存按 apipath 维度，跨实例共享，刷新页面即失效。
-const dataCache = new Map<string, MediaInfo[]>()
-
 // 输入参数
 const props = defineProps({
   apipath: String,
@@ -42,15 +37,7 @@ const containerRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
 async function fetchData() {
   try {
     if (!props.apipath) return
-    const cached = dataCache.get(props.apipath)
-    if (cached) {
-      dataList.value = cached
-      if (cached.length > 0) await until(() => props.ready).toBe(true)
-      componentLoaded.value = true
-      return
-    }
     dataList.value = await api.get(props.apipath)
-    dataCache.set(props.apipath, dataList.value)
     if (dataList.value.length > 0) {
       // 数据获取后，等待 ready 信号再渲染，避免阻塞动画
       await until(() => props.ready).toBe(true)
@@ -65,9 +52,6 @@ async function fetchData() {
 }
 
 // 使用 IntersectionObserver 实现懒加载
-// rootMargin 收窄到 100px：仅在 SlideView 真正接近视口时才触发，
-// 避免页面初次挂载时多个 SlideView 同时落在探测区导致的层叠 fire +
-// 后续 layout shift 引发的"自动一直往下刷"假象。
 const { stop } = useIntersectionObserver(
   containerRef,
   ([{ isIntersecting }]) => {
@@ -77,7 +61,7 @@ const { stop } = useIntersectionObserver(
     }
   },
   {
-    rootMargin: '100px',
+    rootMargin: '300px', // 提前加载距离
   },
 )
 
diff --git a/src/views/discover/PersonCardListView.vue b/src/views/discover/PersonCardListView.vue
index a6a40f79..2f29b296 100644
--- a/src/views/discover/PersonCardListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/discover/PersonCardListView.vue
@@ -2,16 +2,12 @@
 import api from '@/api'
 import type { Person } from '@/api/types'
 import PersonCard from '@/components/cards/PersonCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 3, sm: 4, md: 6, lg: 8, xl: 10, xxl: 12 })
-
 // 输入参数
 const props = defineProps({
   apipath: String,
@@ -19,67 +15,130 @@ const props = defineProps({
   type: String,
 })
 
+// 判断是否有滚动条
+function hasScroll() {
+  return document.body.scrollHeight - (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) > 2
+}
+
+// 当前页码
 const page = ref(1)
+
+// 是否加载中
 const loading = ref(false)
+
+// 是否加载完成
 const isRefreshed = ref(false)
-const hasMore = ref(true)
+
+// 使用 shallowRef 避免长列表中的深层代理开销
 const dataList = shallowRef<Person[]>([])
 
+function appendData(items: Person[]) {
+  dataList.value = dataList.value.concat(items)
+}
+
+async function loadPageData() {
+  return api.get(props.apipath!, {
+    params: getParams(),
+  }) as Promise<Person[]>
+}
+
+// 拼装参数
 function getParams() {
-  let params = { page: page.value }
+  let params = {
+    page: page.value,
+  }
   if (props.params) params = { ...params, ...props.params }
+
   return params
 }
 
-async function fetchData() {
-  if (!props.apipath) return
-  if (loading.value || !hasMore.value) return
-  loading.value = true
+// 获取列表数据
+async function fetchData({ done }: { done: any }) {
   try {
-    const currentData = (await api.get(props.apipath, {
-      params: getParams(),
-    })) as Person[]
-    isRefreshed.value = true
-    if (!currentData || currentData.length === 0) {
-      hasMore.value = false
+    if (!props.apipath) return
+
+    // 如果正在加载中，直接返回
+    if (loading.value) {
+      done('ok')
       return
     }
-    dataList.value = dataList.value.concat(currentData)
-    page.value++
+
+    // 加载到满屏或者加载出错
+    if (!hasScroll()) {
+      // 加载多次
+      while (!hasScroll()) {
+        // 设置加载中
+        loading.value = true
+        // 请求API
+        const currentData = await loadPageData()
+        // 取消加载中
+        loading.value = false
+        // 标计为已请求完成
+        isRefreshed.value = true
+        if (currentData.length === 0) {
+          // 如果没有数据，跳出
+          done('empty')
+          return
+        } else {
+          // 合并数据
+          appendData(currentData)
+          // 页码+1
+          page.value++
+          // 返回加载成功
+          done('ok')
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // 加载一次
+      // 设置加载中
+      loading.value = true
+      // 请求API
+      const currentData = await loadPageData()
+      // 标计为已请求完成
+      isRefreshed.value = true
+      if (currentData.length === 0) {
+        // 如果没有数据，跳出
+        done('empty')
+      } else {
+        // 合并数据
+        appendData(currentData)
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+      // 取消加载中
+      loading.value = false
+    }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(error)
-  } finally {
-    loading.value = false
+    // 返回加载失败
+    done('error')
   }
 }
-
-onMounted(() => {
-  void fetchData()
-})
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
-  <VirtualGrid
-    v-if="isRefreshed && dataList.length > 0"
-    :items="dataList"
-    :columns="cols"
-    :row-estimate-size="260"
-    :gap="16"
-    :overscan="3"
-    key-field="id"
-    use-window-scroll
-    class="pt-3 px-3"
-    @load-more="fetchData"
-  >
-    <template #item="{ item }">
-      <PersonCard :person="item" />
-    </template>
-  </VirtualGrid>
-  <NoDataFound
-    v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
-    error-code="404"
-    :error-title="t('common.noData')"
-    :error-description="t('error.networkError')"
-  />
+  <VInfiniteScroll mode="intersect" side="end" :items="dataList" class="overflow-visible px-3" @load="fetchData">
+    <template #loading />
+    <template #empty />
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
+      v-if="dataList.length > 0"
+      :items="dataList"
+      :item-aspect-ratio="1.5"
+      :get-item-key="item => item.id"
+      tabindex="0"
+    >
+      <template #default="{ item }">
+        <PersonCard :person="item" />
+      </template>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
+    <NoDataFound
+      v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
+      error-code="404"
+      :error-title="t('common.noData')"
+      :error-description="t('error.networkError')"
+    />
+  </VInfiniteScroll>
 </template>
diff --git a/src/views/discover/PersonCardSlideView.vue b/src/views/discover/PersonCardSlideView.vue
index 8fcdfd67..e476ee09 100644
--- a/src/views/discover/PersonCardSlideView.vue
+++ b/src/views/discover/PersonCardSlideView.vue
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ async function fetchData() {
   }
 }
 
-// rootMargin 收窄到 100px，避免页面初次挂载时多个 SlideView 同时落在探测区
-// 引起层叠 fire（与 MediaCardSlideView 保持一致）。
 const { stop } = useIntersectionObserver(
   containerRef,
   ([{ isIntersecting }]) => {
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ const { stop } = useIntersectionObserver(
     }
   },
   {
-    rootMargin: '100px',
+    rootMargin: '300px',
   },
 )
 
diff --git a/src/views/plugin/PluginCardListView.vue b/src/views/plugin/PluginCardListView.vue
index a4077dd3..8b699771 100644
--- a/src/views/plugin/PluginCardListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/plugin/PluginCardListView.vue
@@ -10,15 +10,10 @@ import { getPluginTabs } from '@/router/i18n-menu'
 import { useDynamicButton } from '@/composables/useDynamicButton'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import PluginMixedSortCard from '@/components/cards/PluginMixedSortCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { usePWA } from '@/composables/usePWA'
 import { useDynamicHeaderTab } from '@/composables/useDynamicHeaderTab'
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页，三个 VirtualGrid 共用：已安装/插件文件夹/插件市场）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3, lg: 4, xl: 5, xxl: 5 })
-
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
@@ -303,19 +298,6 @@ const installedScrollToIndex = computed(() => {
   return targetIndex >= 0 ? targetIndex : undefined
 })
 
-// VirtualGrid 实例 ref（用于命令式 scrollToRow，桥接 installedScrollToIndex 跳卡片需求）
-const installedGridRef = ref<any>(null)
-const marketGridRef = ref<any>(null)
-
-watch(installedScrollToIndex, idx => {
-  if (idx === undefined || !installedGridRef.value) return
-  const cols = installedGridRef.value.cols?.value ?? 4
-  const rowIdx = Math.floor(idx / cols)
-  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-    installedGridRef.value?.scrollToRow(rowIdx)
-  })
-})
-
 // 获取文件夹内筛选后的插件
 const getFilteredFolderPlugins = (folderName: string) => {
   const folderData = pluginFolders.value[folderName]
@@ -937,11 +919,12 @@ watch([dataList, installedFilter, hasUpdateFilter, enabledFilter], () => {
   })
 })
 
-// 插件市场加载更多数据（VirtualGrid @load-more 触发）
-function loadMarketMore() {
-  if (sortedUninstalledList.value.length === 0) return
+// 插件市场加载更多数据
+function loadMarketMore({ done }: { done: any }) {
+  // 从 dataList 中获取最前面的 20 个元素
   const itemsToMove = sortedUninstalledList.value.splice(0, 20)
   displayUninstalledList.value.push(...itemsToMove)
+  done('ok')
 }
 
 // 组件挂载后
@@ -1585,17 +1568,15 @@ function onDragStartPlugin(evt: any) {
                     />
                   </template>
                 </Draggable>
-                <VirtualGrid
+                <ProgressiveCardGrid
                   v-else-if="shouldVirtualizeInstalledMainList"
-                  ref="installedGridRef"
                   :items="mixedSortList"
-                  :columns="cols"
-                  :row-estimate-size="260"
-                  :gap="16"
-                  :overscan="3"
-                  use-window-scroll
+                  :get-item-key="item => `${item.type}:${item.id}`"
+                  :min-item-width="256"
+                  :estimated-item-height="180"
+                  :scroll-to-index="installedScrollToIndex"
                 >
-                  <template #item="{ item }">
+                  <template #default="{ item }">
                     <PluginMixedSortCard
                       :item="item"
                       :plugin-statistics="PluginStatistics"
@@ -1614,7 +1595,7 @@ function onDragStartPlugin(evt: any) {
                       @drop-to-folder="(event, folderName) => handleDropToFolder(event, folderName)"
                     />
                   </template>
-                </VirtualGrid>
+                </ProgressiveCardGrid>
               </template>
 
               <template v-else>
@@ -1646,17 +1627,14 @@ function onDragStartPlugin(evt: any) {
                     />
                   </template>
                 </Draggable>
-                <VirtualGrid
+                <ProgressiveCardGrid
                   v-else-if="shouldVirtualizeInstalledFolderList"
                   :items="draggableFolderPlugins"
-                  :columns="cols"
-                  :row-estimate-size="260"
-                  :gap="16"
-                  :overscan="3"
-                  key-field="id"
-                  use-window-scroll
+                  :get-item-key="item => item.id"
+                  :min-item-width="256"
+                  :estimated-item-height="180"
                 >
-                  <template #item="{ item }">
+                  <template #default="{ item }">
                     <PluginMixedSortCard
                       :item="{ type: 'plugin', id: item.id, data: item, order: 0 }"
                       :plugin-statistics="PluginStatistics"
@@ -1672,7 +1650,7 @@ function onDragStartPlugin(evt: any) {
                       @remove-from-folder="removeFromFolder"
                     />
                   </template>
-                </VirtualGrid>
+                </ProgressiveCardGrid>
               </template>
             </div>
 
@@ -1693,22 +1671,28 @@ function onDragStartPlugin(evt: any) {
           <div>
             <LoadingBanner v-if="!isAppMarketLoaded || isMarketRefreshing" class="mt-12" />
             <!-- 资源列表 -->
-            <VirtualGrid
-              v-if="isAppMarketLoaded && !isMarketRefreshing && displayUninstalledList.length > 0"
-              ref="marketGridRef"
+            <VInfiniteScroll
+              v-if="isAppMarketLoaded && !isMarketRefreshing"
+              mode="intersect"
+              side="end"
               :items="displayUninstalledList"
-              :columns="cols"
-              :row-estimate-size="280"
-              :gap="16"
-              :overscan="3"
-              use-window-scroll
+              @load="loadMarketMore"
               class="overflow-visible"
-              @load-more="loadMarketMore"
             >
-              <template #item="{ item }">
-                <PluginAppCard :plugin="item" :count="PluginStatistics[item.id || '0']" @install="pluginInstalled" />
-              </template>
-            </VirtualGrid>
+              <template #loading />
+              <template #empty />
+              <ProgressiveCardGrid
+                v-if="displayUninstalledList.length > 0"
+                :items="displayUninstalledList"
+                :get-item-key="item => `${item.id}_v${item.plugin_version}`"
+                :min-item-width="256"
+                :estimated-item-height="260"
+              >
+                <template #default="{ item }">
+                  <PluginAppCard :plugin="item" :count="PluginStatistics[item.id || '0']" @install="pluginInstalled" />
+                </template>
+              </ProgressiveCardGrid>
+            </VInfiniteScroll>
             <NoDataFound
               v-if="displayUninstalledList.length === 0 && isAppMarketLoaded"
               error-code="404"
@@ -1783,8 +1767,8 @@ function onDragStartPlugin(evt: any) {
       </VToolbar>
       <VDialogCloseBtn @click="closeSearchDialog" />
       <VList v-if="filterPlugins.length > 0" lines="two">
-        <VirtualList :items="filterPlugins" :estimate-size="80" :overscan="6" container-height="60vh">
-          <template #item="{ item }">
+        <VVirtualScroll :items="filterPlugins">
+          <template #default="{ item }">
             <VListItem @click="openPlugin(item)">
               <template #prepend>
                 <VAvatar>
@@ -1816,7 +1800,7 @@ function onDragStartPlugin(evt: any) {
               </VListItemSubtitle>
             </VListItem>
           </template>
-        </VirtualList>
+        </VVirtualScroll>
       </VList>
     </VCard>
   </VDialog>
diff --git a/src/views/reorganize/DownloadingListView.vue b/src/views/reorganize/DownloadingListView.vue
index 46169155..3c229e24 100644
--- a/src/views/reorganize/DownloadingListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/reorganize/DownloadingListView.vue
@@ -4,27 +4,30 @@ import api from '@/api'
 import type { DownloadingInfo } from '@/api/types'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
 import DownloadingCard from '@/components/cards/DownloadingCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useUserStore } from '@/stores'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { useBackgroundOptimization } from '@/composables/useBackgroundOptimization'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
 
+// 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
-
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 2, lg: 3, xl: 3, xxl: 3 })
 const { useDataRefresh } = useBackgroundOptimization()
 
+// 定义输入参数
 const props = defineProps<{
   name: string
 }>()
 
+// 用户 Store
 const userStore = useUserStore()
 
+// 数据列表
 const dataList = ref<DownloadingInfo[]>([])
+
+// 是否刷新过
 const isRefreshed = ref(false)
 
+// 获取订阅列表数据
 async function fetchData() {
   try {
     dataList.value = await api.get('download/', { params: { name: props.name } })
@@ -34,15 +37,19 @@ async function fetchData() {
   }
 }
 
+// 刷新状态
 const loading = ref(false)
 
+// 下拉刷新
 function onRefresh() {
   loading.value = true
   fetchData()
   loading.value = false
 }
 
+// 过滤数据，管理员用户显示全部，非管理员只显示自己的订阅
 const filteredDataList = computed(() => {
+  // 从 Store 中获取用户信息
   const superUser = userStore.superUser
   const userName = userStore.userName
   if (superUser) return dataList.value
@@ -53,27 +60,25 @@ const filteredDataList = computed(() => {
 const { loading: dataLoading } = useDataRefresh(
   'downloading-list',
   fetchData,
-  3000,
-  true,
+  3000, // 3秒间隔
+  true // 立即执行
 )
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
   <VPullToRefresh v-model="loading" @load="onRefresh" :pull-down-threshold="64">
-    <VirtualGrid
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
       v-if="filteredDataList.length > 0"
       :items="filteredDataList"
-      :columns="cols"
-      :row-estimate-size="230"
-      :gap="12"
-      :overscan="3"
-      use-window-scroll
+      :get-item-key="item => item.hash || item.name"
+      :min-item-width="320"
+      :estimated-item-height="230"
     >
-      <template #item="{ item }">
+      <template #default="{ item }">
         <DownloadingCard :info="item" :downloader-name="props.name" />
       </template>
-    </VirtualGrid>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
     <NoDataFound
       v-if="filteredDataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
       error-code="404"
diff --git a/src/views/site/SiteCardListView.vue b/src/views/site/SiteCardListView.vue
index c2acd6ac..5bf83cc7 100644
--- a/src/views/site/SiteCardListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/site/SiteCardListView.vue
@@ -3,16 +3,12 @@ import api from '@/api'
 import type { Site, SiteUserData } from '@/api/types'
 import SiteCard from '@/components/cards/SiteCard.vue'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useDynamicButton } from '@/composables/useDynamicButton'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { usePWA } from '@/composables/usePWA'
 import { useToast } from 'vue-toastification'
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3, lg: 4, xl: 5, xxl: 5 })
-
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
@@ -428,18 +424,15 @@ useDynamicButton({
         />
       </template>
     </Draggable>
-    <VirtualGrid
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
       v-else-if="draggableSiteList.length > 0 && shouldVirtualizeList"
       :items="draggableSiteList"
-      :columns="cols"
-      :row-estimate-size="220"
-      :gap="16"
-      :overscan="3"
-      key-field="id"
-      use-window-scroll
+      :get-item-key="item => item.id"
+      :min-item-width="256"
+      :estimated-item-height="168"
       class="px-2"
     >
-      <template #item="{ item }">
+      <template #default="{ item }">
         <SiteCard
           :site="item"
           :data="siteUserDataMap[item.domain]"
@@ -450,7 +443,7 @@ useDynamicButton({
           @refresh-stats="handleRefreshStats"
         />
       </template>
-    </VirtualGrid>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
   </div>
   <NoDataFound
     v-if="draggableSiteList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
diff --git a/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeListView.vue b/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeListView.vue
index 324bb54b..8d06e6aa 100644
--- a/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeListView.vue
@@ -5,16 +5,12 @@ import type { Subscribe } from '@/api/types'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
 import SubscribeCard from '@/components/cards/SubscribeCard.vue'
 import SubscribeHistoryDialog from '@/components/dialog/SubscribeHistoryDialog.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useUserStore } from '@/stores'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { useToast } from 'vue-toastification'
 import { useConfirm } from '@/composables/useConfirm'
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3, lg: 4, xl: 5, xxl: 5 })
-
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
@@ -90,19 +86,6 @@ const scrollToIndex = computed(() => {
   return targetIndex >= 0 ? targetIndex : undefined
 })
 
-// VirtualGrid 实例 ref（用于命令式 scrollToRow，桥接 scrollToIndex 跳卡片需求）
-const gridRef = ref<any>(null)
-
-watch(scrollToIndex, idx => {
-  if (idx === undefined || !gridRef.value) return
-  const cols = gridRef.value.cols?.value ?? 4
-  const rowIdx = Math.floor(idx / cols)
-  // 等下一帧再跳，确保 virtualizer 已经把 totalSize 算稳定
-  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-    gridRef.value?.scrollToRow(rowIdx)
-  })
-})
-
 // 根据订阅数据判断订阅状态
 function getSubscribeStatus(subscribe: Subscribe) {
   // 洗版中
@@ -530,19 +513,16 @@ defineExpose({
       />
     </template>
   </draggable>
-  <VirtualGrid
+  <ProgressiveCardGrid
     v-else-if="displayList.length > 0 && shouldVirtualizeList"
-    ref="gridRef"
     :items="displayList"
-    :columns="cols"
-    :row-estimate-size="280"
-    :gap="16"
-    :overscan="3"
-    key-field="id"
-    use-window-scroll
+    :get-item-key="item => item.id"
+    :min-item-width="240"
+    :estimated-item-height="300"
+    :scroll-to-index="scrollToIndex"
     class="px-2"
   >
-    <template #item="{ item }">
+    <template #default="{ item }">
       <SubscribeCard
         :key="item.id"
         :media="item"
@@ -554,7 +534,7 @@ defineExpose({
         @select="toggleSelectSubscribe(item.id)"
       />
     </template>
-  </VirtualGrid>
+  </ProgressiveCardGrid>
   <NoDataFound
     v-if="displayList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
     error-code="404"
diff --git a/src/views/subscribe/SubscribePopularView.vue b/src/views/subscribe/SubscribePopularView.vue
index f1a6661c..303648b9 100644
--- a/src/views/subscribe/SubscribePopularView.vue
+++ b/src/views/subscribe/SubscribePopularView.vue
@@ -3,41 +3,48 @@ import api from '@/api'
 import type { MediaInfo } from '@/api/types'
 import MediaCard from '@/components/cards/MediaCard.vue'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 3, sm: 4, md: 6, lg: 8, xl: 10, xxl: 12 })
-
 // 输入参数
 const props = defineProps({
   type: String,
 })
 
+// 判断是否有滚动条
+function hasScroll() {
+  return document.body.scrollHeight - (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) > 2
+}
+
 // API
 const apipath = 'subscribe/popular'
 
+// 当前页码
 const page = ref(1)
-const loading = ref(false)
-const isRefreshed = ref(false)
-const hasMore = ref(true)
 
+// 是否加载中
+const loading = ref(false)
+
+// 是否加载完成
+const isRefreshed = ref(false)
+
+// 数据列表
 const dataList = ref<MediaInfo[]>([])
+const currData = ref<MediaInfo[]>([])
 
 // 筛选参数
 const filterParams = reactive({
-  genre_id: '',
+  genre_id: '', // 空字符串表示选中"全部"
   min_rating: 0,
   max_rating: 10,
   min_sub: 1,
-  sort_type: 'count',
+  sort_type: 'count', // 默认按热度排序
 })
 
-// 当前 Key（用于在筛选条件变化时重置 VirtualGrid 内部状态）
+// 当前Key（用于重新加载数据）
 const currentKey = ref(0)
 
 // TMDB电影风格字典
@@ -83,62 +90,115 @@ const tmdbTvGenreDict: Record<string, string> = {
   '37': t('tmdb.genreType.western'),
 }
 
+// 获取当前类型对应的风格字典
 const currentGenreDict = computed(() => {
   return props.type === '电影' ? tmdbMovieGenreDict : tmdbTvGenreDict
 })
 
-// 筛选变化 → 重置列表
+// 监听筛选参数变化
 watch(
   filterParams,
   () => {
+    // 重置数据
     dataList.value = []
     page.value = 1
-    hasMore.value = true
     isRefreshed.value = false
     currentKey.value++
-    void fetchData()
   },
   { deep: true },
 )
 
 // 拼装参数
 function getParams() {
-  const params: { [key: string]: any } = {
+  let params: { [key: string]: any } = {
     stype: props.type,
     page: page.value,
     count: 30,
   }
-  if (filterParams.genre_id) params.genre_id = parseInt(filterParams.genre_id)
-  if (filterParams.min_rating > 0) params.min_rating = filterParams.min_rating
-  if (filterParams.max_rating < 10) params.max_rating = filterParams.max_rating
-  if (filterParams.min_sub > 1) params.min_sub = filterParams.min_sub
-  if (filterParams.sort_type) params.sort_type = filterParams.sort_type
+
+  // 添加筛选参数
+  if (filterParams.genre_id) {
+    params.genre_id = parseInt(filterParams.genre_id)
+  }
+  if (filterParams.min_rating > 0) {
+    params.min_rating = filterParams.min_rating
+  }
+  if (filterParams.max_rating < 10) {
+    params.max_rating = filterParams.max_rating
+  }
+  if (filterParams.min_sub > 1) {
+    params.min_sub = filterParams.min_sub
+  }
+  if (filterParams.sort_type) {
+    params.sort_type = filterParams.sort_type
+  }
+
   return params
 }
 
-async function fetchData() {
-  if (loading.value || !hasMore.value) return
-  loading.value = true
+// 获取列表数据
+async function fetchData({ done }: { done: any }) {
   try {
-    const data: MediaInfo[] = await api.get(apipath, { params: getParams() })
-    isRefreshed.value = true
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) {
-      hasMore.value = false
+    // 如果正在加载中，直接返回
+    if (loading.value) {
+      done('ok')
       return
     }
-    dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...data]
-    page.value++
-    if (data.length < 30) hasMore.value = false
+
+    // 加载到满屏或者加载出错
+    if (!hasScroll()) {
+      // 加载多次
+      while (!hasScroll()) {
+        // 设置加载中
+        loading.value = true
+        // 请求API
+        currData.value = await api.get(apipath, {
+          params: getParams(),
+        })
+        // 取消加载中
+        loading.value = false
+        // 标计为已请求完成
+        isRefreshed.value = true
+        if (currData.value.length === 0) {
+          // 如果没有数据，跳出
+          done('empty')
+          return
+        }
+        // 合并数据
+        dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...currData.value]
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    } else {
+      // 设置加载中
+      loading.value = true
+      // 请求API
+      currData.value = await api.get(apipath, {
+        params: getParams(),
+      })
+      loading.value = false
+      // 标计为已请求完成
+      isRefreshed.value = true
+      if (currData.value.length === 0) {
+        // 如果没有数据，跳出
+        done('empty')
+      } else {
+        // 合并数据
+        dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...currData.value]
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(error)
-  } finally {
-    loading.value = false
+    // 返回加载失败
+    done('error')
   }
 }
-
-onMounted(() => {
-  void fetchData()
-})
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -166,16 +226,21 @@ onMounted(() => {
         <VLabel>{{ t('tmdb.genre') }}</VLabel>
       </div>
       <VChipGroup v-model="filterParams.genre_id">
-        <VChip :color="filterParams.genre_id == '' ? 'primary' : ''" filter tile value="">
+        <VChip
+          :color="filterParams.genre_id == '' ? 'primary' : ''"
+          filter
+          tile
+          value=""
+        >
           {{ t('common.all') }}
         </VChip>
         <VChip
-          v-for="(value, key) in currentGenreDict"
-          :key="key"
           :color="filterParams.genre_id == key ? 'primary' : ''"
           filter
           tile
           :value="key"
+          v-for="(value, key) in currentGenreDict"
+          :key="key"
         >
           {{ value }}
         </VChip>
@@ -194,37 +259,45 @@ onMounted(() => {
         :step="1"
         class="align-center"
         hide-details
-      />
+      >
+      </VSlider>
     </div>
   </div>
 
   <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
-  <VirtualGrid
-    v-if="isRefreshed && dataList.length > 0"
-    :key="currentKey"
+  <VInfiniteScroll
+    mode="intersect"
+    side="end"
     :items="dataList"
-    :columns="cols"
-    :row-estimate-size="320"
-    :gap="16"
-    :overscan="3"
-    use-window-scroll
-    class="pt-2 px-3"
-    @load-more="fetchData"
+    class="overflow-visible px-2"
+    @load="fetchData"
+    :key="currentKey"
   >
-    <template #item="{ item }">
-      <div>
-        <MediaCard :media="item" />
-        <div v-if="item.popularity" class="mt-2 flex flex-row justify-center align-center text-subtitle-2">
-          <VIcon icon="mdi-fire" color="error" />
-          <span> {{ item.popularity.toLocaleString() }}</span>
+    <template #loading />
+    <template #empty />
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
+      v-if="dataList.length > 0"
+      :items="dataList"
+      :get-item-key="item => item.tmdb_id || item.douban_id || item.bangumi_id || item.media_id || item.title"
+      :min-item-width="144"
+      :estimated-item-height="320"
+      tabindex="0"
+    >
+      <template #default="{ item }">
+        <div>
+          <MediaCard :media="item" />
+          <div v-if="item.popularity" class="mt-2 flex flex-row justify-center align-center text-subtitle-2">
+            <VIcon icon="mdi-fire" color="error" />
+            <span> {{ item.popularity.toLocaleString() }}</span>
+          </div>
         </div>
-      </div>
-    </template>
-  </VirtualGrid>
-  <NoDataFound
-    v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
-    error-code="404"
-    :error-title="t('common.noData')"
-    :error-description="t('subscribe.noPopularData')"
-  />
+      </template>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
+    <NoDataFound
+      v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
+      error-code="404"
+      :error-title="t('common.noData')"
+      :error-description="t('subscribe.noPopularData')"
+    />
+  </VInfiniteScroll>
 </template>
diff --git a/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeShareView.vue b/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeShareView.vue
index cd169c2a..6b33b196 100644
--- a/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeShareView.vue
+++ b/src/views/subscribe/SubscribeShareView.vue
@@ -3,37 +3,44 @@ import api from '@/api'
 import type { SubscribeShare } from '@/api/types'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
 import SubscribeShareCard from '@/components/cards/SubscribeShareCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
+// 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3, lg: 4, xl: 5, xxl: 5 })
-
+// 定义输入参数
 const props = defineProps({
+  // 过滤关键字
   keyword: String,
 })
 
+// 判断是否有滚动条
+function hasScroll() {
+  return document.body.scrollHeight - (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) > 2
+}
+
+// API
 const apipath = 'subscribe/shares'
 
+// 当前页码
 const page = ref(1)
+
+// 搜索关键字
 const keyword = ref(props.keyword)
-const loading = ref(false)
-const isRefreshed = ref(false)
-const hasMore = ref(true)
-const currentKey = ref(0)
-
-const dataList = ref<SubscribeShare[]>([])
 
+// 筛选参数
 const filterParams = reactive({
-  genre_id: '',
+  genre_id: '', // 空字符串表示选中"全部"
   min_rating: 0,
   max_rating: 10,
-  sort_type: 'time',
+  sort_type: 'time', // 默认按时间排序
 })
 
+// 当前Key（用于重新加载数据）
+const currentKey = ref(0)
+
+// TMDB电影风格字典
 const tmdbMovieGenreDict: Record<string, string> = {
   '28': t('tmdb.genreType.action'),
   '12': t('tmdb.genreType.adventure'),
@@ -56,6 +63,7 @@ const tmdbMovieGenreDict: Record<string, string> = {
   '37': t('tmdb.genreType.western'),
 }
 
+// TMDB电视剧风格字典
 const tmdbTvGenreDict: Record<string, string> = {
   '10759': t('tmdb.genreType.actionAdventure'),
   '16': t('tmdb.genreType.animation'),
@@ -75,77 +83,145 @@ const tmdbTvGenreDict: Record<string, string> = {
   '37': t('tmdb.genreType.western'),
 }
 
-const currentGenreDict = computed(() => ({ ...tmdbMovieGenreDict, ...tmdbTvGenreDict }))
+// 获取当前类型对应的风格字典（订阅分享包含电影和电视剧，所以显示所有风格）
+const currentGenreDict = computed(() => {
+  // 合并电影和电视剧风格字典
+  return { ...tmdbMovieGenreDict, ...tmdbTvGenreDict }
+})
 
+// 监听 props.keyword 变化
 watch(
   () => props.keyword,
   newKeyword => {
     keyword.value = newKeyword || ''
-    dataList.value = []
+    // 重置页码和数据
     page.value = 1
-    hasMore.value = true
+    dataList.value = []
     isRefreshed.value = false
     currentKey.value++
-    void fetchData()
   },
 )
 
+// 监听筛选参数变化
 watch(
   filterParams,
   () => {
+    // 重置数据
     dataList.value = []
     page.value = 1
-    hasMore.value = true
     isRefreshed.value = false
     currentKey.value++
-    void fetchData()
   },
   { deep: true },
 )
 
+// 是否加载中
+const loading = ref(false)
+
+// 是否加载完成
+const isRefreshed = ref(false)
+
+// 数据列表
+const dataList = ref<SubscribeShare[]>([])
+const currData = ref<SubscribeShare[]>([])
+
+// 拼装参数
 function getParams() {
-  const params: { [key: string]: any } = {
+  let params: { [key: string]: any } = {
     page: page.value,
     count: 30,
     name: keyword.value,
   }
-  if (filterParams.genre_id) params.genre_id = parseInt(filterParams.genre_id)
-  if (filterParams.min_rating > 0) params.min_rating = filterParams.min_rating
-  if (filterParams.max_rating < 10) params.max_rating = filterParams.max_rating
-  if (filterParams.sort_type) params.sort_type = filterParams.sort_type
+
+  // 添加筛选参数
+  if (filterParams.genre_id) {
+    params.genre_id = parseInt(filterParams.genre_id)
+  }
+  if (filterParams.min_rating > 0) {
+    params.min_rating = filterParams.min_rating
+  }
+  if (filterParams.max_rating < 10) {
+    params.max_rating = filterParams.max_rating
+  }
+  if (filterParams.sort_type) {
+    params.sort_type = filterParams.sort_type
+  }
+
   return params
 }
 
-async function fetchData() {
-  if (loading.value || !hasMore.value) return
-  loading.value = true
+// 获取列表数据
+async function fetchData({ done }: { done: any }) {
   try {
-    const data: SubscribeShare[] = await api.get(apipath, { params: getParams() })
-    isRefreshed.value = true
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) {
-      hasMore.value = false
+    // 如果正在加载中，直接返回
+    if (loading.value) {
+      done('ok')
       return
     }
-    dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...data]
-    page.value++
-    if (data.length < 30) hasMore.value = false
+
+    // 加载到满屏或者加载出错
+    if (!hasScroll()) {
+      // 加载多次
+      while (!hasScroll()) {
+        // 设置加载中
+        loading.value = true
+        // 请求API
+        currData.value = await api.get(apipath, {
+          params: getParams(),
+        })
+        // 取消加载中
+        loading.value = false
+        // 标计为已请求完成
+        isRefreshed.value = true
+        if (currData.value.length === 0) {
+          // 如果没有数据，跳出
+          done('empty')
+          return
+        }
+        // 合并数据
+        dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...currData.value]
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    } else {
+      // 设置加载中
+      loading.value = true
+      // 请求API
+      currData.value = await api.get(apipath, {
+        params: getParams(),
+      })
+      loading.value = false
+      // 标计为已请求完成
+      isRefreshed.value = true
+      if (currData.value.length === 0) {
+        // 如果没有数据，跳出
+        done('empty')
+      } else {
+        // 合并数据
+        dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...currData.value]
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(error)
-  } finally {
-    loading.value = false
+    // 返回加载失败
+    done('error')
   }
 }
 
+// 将数据从列表中移除
 function removeData(id: number) {
   dataList.value = dataList.value.filter(item => item.id !== id)
 }
-
-onMounted(() => {
-  void fetchData()
-})
 </script>
 
 <template>
+  <!-- 筛选器 -->
   <div class="px-3 mb-4">
     <div class="flex justify-start align-center mb-3">
       <div class="mr-5">
@@ -169,16 +245,21 @@ onMounted(() => {
         <VLabel>{{ t('tmdb.genre') }}</VLabel>
       </div>
       <VChipGroup v-model="filterParams.genre_id">
-        <VChip :color="filterParams.genre_id == '' ? 'primary' : ''" filter tile value="">
+        <VChip
+          :color="filterParams.genre_id == '' ? 'primary' : ''"
+          filter
+          tile
+          value=""
+        >
           {{ t('common.all') }}
         </VChip>
         <VChip
-          v-for="(value, key) in currentGenreDict"
-          :key="key"
           :color="filterParams.genre_id == key ? 'primary' : ''"
           filter
           tile
           :value="key"
+          v-for="(value, key) in currentGenreDict"
+          :key="key"
         >
           {{ value }}
         </VChip>
@@ -197,32 +278,40 @@ onMounted(() => {
         :step="1"
         class="align-center"
         hide-details
-      />
+      >
+      </VSlider>
     </div>
   </div>
 
   <VPageContentTitle v-if="keyword" :title="`${t('common.search')}：${keyword}`" />
   <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
-  <VirtualGrid
-    v-if="isRefreshed && dataList.length > 0"
-    :key="currentKey"
+  <VInfiniteScroll
+    mode="intersect"
+    side="end"
     :items="dataList"
-    :columns="cols"
-    :row-estimate-size="260"
-    :gap="12"
-    :overscan="3"
-    use-window-scroll
-    class="pt-2"
-    @load-more="fetchData"
+    class="overflow-visible px-2"
+    @load="fetchData"
+    :key="currentKey"
   >
-    <template #item="{ item }">
-      <SubscribeShareCard :media="item" @delete="removeData(item.id || 0)" />
-    </template>
-  </VirtualGrid>
-  <NoDataFound
-    v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
-    error-code="404"
-    :error-title="t('common.noData')"
-    :error-description="keyword ? t('common.noContent') : t('subscribe.noShareData')"
-  />
+    <template #loading />
+    <template #empty />
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
+      v-if="dataList.length > 0"
+      :items="dataList"
+      :get-item-key="item => item.id || `${item.tmdbid || item.doubanid || item.name}-${item.share_user}`"
+      :min-item-width="240"
+      :estimated-item-height="260"
+      tabindex="0"
+    >
+      <template #default="{ item }">
+        <SubscribeShareCard :media="item" @delete="removeData(item.id || 0)" />
+      </template>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
+    <NoDataFound
+      v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
+      error-code="404"
+      :error-title="t('common.noData')"
+      :error-description="keyword ? t('common.noContent') : t('subscribe.noShareData')"
+    />
+  </VInfiniteScroll>
 </template>
diff --git a/src/views/system/MessageView.vue b/src/views/system/MessageView.vue
index 5e35f087..ffbf7a4f 100644
--- a/src/views/system/MessageView.vue
+++ b/src/views/system/MessageView.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 <script lang="ts" setup>
 import type { Message } from '@/api/types'
 import MessageCard from '@/components/cards/MessageCard.vue'
-import VirtualList from '@/components/virtual/VirtualList.vue'
 import api from '@/api'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { useBackgroundOptimization } from '@/composables/useBackgroundOptimization'
@@ -10,28 +9,28 @@ import { useBackgroundOptimization } from '@/composables/useBackgroundOptimizati
 const { t } = useI18n()
 const { useSSE } = useBackgroundOptimization()
 
-// 消息列表（按时间升序：旧 -> 新，最新在底部）
+// 消息列表
 const messages = ref<Message[]>([])
+// 当前页数据
+const currData = ref<Message[]>([])
 
-// 已加载消息的签名集合，仅按秒级时间戳会误吞同一秒内的不同消息
+// 已加载消息的签名集合
+// 使用消息内容签名去重，避免仅按秒级时间戳判断时误吞同一秒内的不同消息。
 const messageKeys = new Set<string>()
 
-// 是否完成首屏加载（影响空态文案显示）
+// 是否完成加载
 const isLoaded = ref(false)
-// 是否加载中（避免并发）
+
+// 是否加载中
 const loading = ref(false)
-// 还有更早的消息可加载？拉到空页后置 false
-const hasMoreOlder = ref(true)
-// 当前页码：拉取「更早」消息时递增
+
+// 当前页码
 const page = ref(1)
+
 // 存量消息最新时间
 const lastTime = ref('')
 
-// 反向加载阈值。首屏完成 + forceScrollToEnd 之后才打开，否则
-// reverse sentinel 在 items 首次渲染时会和跳到底部竞速，多拉一页。
-const reverseThreshold = ref(0)
-
-// 虚拟列表实例引用：用于读取 scrollEl 做智能滚动
+// 消息列表滚动容器
 const messageListRef = ref<any>(null)
 
 // 自动滚动状态
@@ -48,8 +47,7 @@ function getMessageTime(message: Message) {
   return message.reg_time || message.date || ''
 }
 
-// 生成消息签名（多字段 fallback 链，单字段 keyField 表达不了，
-// 所以走 VirtualList 的 getItemKey 函数 prop）
+// 生成消息签名
 function getMessageKey(message: Message) {
   return [
     message.action ?? '',
@@ -64,11 +62,12 @@ function getMessageKey(message: Message) {
   ].join('::')
 }
 
-// 排序确保最新消息始终位于底部
+// 排序消息列表，确保最新消息始终位于底部
 function sortMessages(items: Message[]) {
   return [...items].sort((a, b) => compareTime(getMessageTime(a), getMessageTime(b)))
 }
 
+// 记录最新消息时间
 function updateLastTime(message: Message) {
   const messageTime = getMessageTime(message)
   if (messageTime && compareTime(messageTime, lastTime.value) > 0) {
@@ -77,8 +76,7 @@ function updateLastTime(message: Message) {
 }
 
 function getScrollContainer() {
-  const container =
-    messageListRef.value?.getScrollElement?.() ?? messageListRef.value?.$el ?? messageListRef.value
+  const container = messageListRef.value?.$el ?? messageListRef.value
 
   return container instanceof HTMLElement ? container : null
 }
@@ -102,6 +100,21 @@ function handleScroll() {
   updateAutoScrollState()
 }
 
+function bindScrollListener() {
+  const container = getScrollContainer()
+  if (!container) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  container.removeEventListener('scroll', handleScroll)
+  container.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll, { passive: true })
+  updateAutoScrollState()
+}
+
+function unbindScrollListener() {
+  getScrollContainer()?.removeEventListener('scroll', handleScroll)
+}
+
 function scrollContainerToEnd() {
   const container = getScrollContainer()
   if (!container) {
@@ -154,71 +167,101 @@ function forceScrollToEnd() {
   requestScrollToEnd(true)
 }
 
+// 合并消息到当前列表
 function mergeMessages(items: Message[]) {
   let hasNewMessage = false
+
   for (const item of sortMessages(items)) {
     const messageKey = getMessageKey(item)
-    if (messageKeys.has(messageKey)) continue
+    if (messageKeys.has(messageKey)) {
+      continue
+    }
+
     messageKeys.add(messageKey)
     messages.value.push(item)
     updateLastTime(item)
     hasNewMessage = true
   }
-  if (hasNewMessage) messages.value = sortMessages(messages.value)
+
+  if (hasNewMessage) {
+    messages.value = sortMessages(messages.value)
+  }
+
   return hasNewMessage
 }
 
-// SSE 新消息到达 -> 智能跟随到底
+// SSE消息处理函数
 function handleSSEMessage(event: MessageEvent) {
   const message = event.data
-  if (!message) return
-
-  const object = JSON.parse(message)
-  if (mergeMessages([object])) {
-    requestScrollToEnd()
+  if (message) {
+    const object = JSON.parse(message)
+    if (mergeMessages([object])) {
+      requestScrollToEnd() // 新消息到达时触发智能滚动
+    }
   }
 }
 
-// 使用优化的 SSE 连接
-const { manager } = useSSE(
+// 使用优化的SSE连接
+const { manager, isConnected } = useSSE(
   `${import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL}system/message?role=user`,
   handleSSEMessage,
   'message-view',
-  { backgroundCloseDelay: 5000, reconnectDelay: 3000, maxReconnectAttempts: 3 },
+  {
+    backgroundCloseDelay: 5000,
+    reconnectDelay: 3000,
+    maxReconnectAttempts: 3,
+  },
 )
 
-// 加载更早一页：首屏 + 用户向上滚动时由 @load-more-reverse 触发
-async function loadOlderMessages() {
-  if (loading.value || !hasMoreOlder.value) return
+// 调用API加载存量消息
+async function loadMessages({ done }: { done: any }) {
+  // 如果正在加载中，直接返回
+  if (loading.value) {
+    done('ok')
+    return
+  }
   try {
+    // 设置加载中
     loading.value = true
-    const data = (await api.get('message/web', {
-      params: { page: page.value, size: 20 },
-    })) as Message[]
+    currData.value = await api.get('message/web', {
+      params: {
+        page: page.value,
+        size: 20,
+      },
+    })
+    // 已加载过
     isLoaded.value = true
-    if (data.length > 0) {
-      const hasNewMessage = mergeMessages(data)
+    if (currData.value.length > 0) {
+      const hasNewMessage = mergeMessages(currData.value)
 
+      // 首次加载时滚动到底部
       if (page.value === 1 && hasNewMessage) {
         requestScrollToEnd(true)
       }
-
+      // 页码+1
       page.value++
+      // 完成
+      done('ok')
     } else {
-      hasMoreOlder.value = false
+      // 没有新数据
+      done('empty')
     }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error('加载消息失败:', error)
+    done('error')
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
 }
 
-// 主动刷新最新一页，作为 SSE 偶发丢流时的兜底
+// 主动刷新最新一页消息，作为SSE偶发丢流时的兜底
 async function refreshLatestMessages() {
   try {
     const latestMessages = (await api.get('message/web', {
-      params: { page: 1, size: 20 },
+      params: {
+        page: 1,
+        size: 20,
+      },
     })) as Message[]
 
     if (mergeMessages(latestMessages)) {
@@ -229,41 +272,57 @@ async function refreshLatestMessages() {
   }
 }
 
-// 比较时间
+// 比较yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss时间大小
 function compareTime(time1: string, time2: string) {
   if (!time1 && !time2) return 0
   if (!time1) return -1
   if (!time2) return 1
+
   try {
+    // 统一时间格式处理，支持多种格式
     const normalizeTime = (time: string) => {
-      if (time.includes('T')) return new Date(time).getTime()
+      // 如果是ISO格式，直接使用
+      if (time.includes('T')) {
+        return new Date(time).getTime()
+      }
+      // 如果是yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss格式，替换-为/
       return new Date(time.replaceAll(/-/g, '/')).getTime()
     }
-    return normalizeTime(time1) - normalizeTime(time2)
+
+    const timestamp1 = normalizeTime(time1)
+    const timestamp2 = normalizeTime(time2)
+
+    return timestamp1 - timestamp2
   } catch (error) {
     console.error('时间比较错误:', error, 'time1:', time1, 'time2:', time2)
     return 0
   }
 }
 
-// 图片加载完成 -> 智能跟随（图片把行撑高，需要重判距底距离）
+// 图片加载完成时触发智能滚动
 function handleImageLoad() {
   requestScrollToEnd()
 }
 
-// 暂停/恢复 SSE
+// 暂停SSE连接
 function pauseSSE() {
-  manager?.removeMessageListener('message-view')
+  if (manager) {
+    manager.removeMessageListener('message-view')
+  }
 }
 
+// 恢复SSE连接
 function resumeSSE() {
   if (manager) {
+    // 先移除再重建监听，确保恢复时拿到一条新的SSE连接。
     manager.removeMessageListener('message-view')
     manager.addMessageListener('message-view', handleSSEMessage)
   }
+
   refreshLatestMessages()
 }
 
+// 暴露方法给父组件
 defineExpose({
   pauseSSE,
   resumeSSE,
@@ -271,12 +330,10 @@ defineExpose({
   forceScrollToEnd,
 })
 
-onMounted(async () => {
-  await loadOlderMessages()
-  await nextTick()
-  scrollContainerToEnd()
-  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-    reverseThreshold.value = 1
+onMounted(() => {
+  nextTick(() => {
+    bindScrollListener()
+    requestScrollToEnd(true)
   })
 })
 
@@ -288,43 +345,38 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => {
   if (scrollReleaseTimer) {
     window.clearTimeout(scrollReleaseTimer)
   }
+
+  unbindScrollListener()
 })
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <VirtualList
+  <VInfiniteScroll
     ref="messageListRef"
+    :mode="!isLoaded ? 'intersect' : 'manual'"
+    side="start"
     :items="messages"
-    :estimate-size="160"
-    :get-item-key="getMessageKey"
-    :load-more-reverse-threshold="reverseThreshold"
-    container-height="100%"
-    class="h-full overflow-auto"
-    @load-more-reverse="loadOlderMessages"
-    @scroll="handleScroll"
+    class="overflow-auto h-full"
+    @load="loadMessages"
+    :load-more-text="t('message.loadMore') + ' ...'"
   >
-    <template #empty>
-      <div class="d-flex justify-center align-center h-full text-medium-emphasis">
-        {{ isLoaded ? t('message.noMoreData') : '' }}
-      </div>
-    </template>
-
     <template #loading>
-      <LoadingBanner v-if="loading" />
+      <LoadingBanner />
     </template>
-
-    <template #item="{ item }">
-      <div
-        class="chat-group d-flex mt-5 mb-8"
-        :class="item.action == 1 ? 'flex-row align-start' : 'flex-row-reverse align-end'"
-      >
+    <template #empty> {{ t('message.noMoreData') }} </template>
+    <VVirtualScroll renderless :items="messages" :item-height="160">
+      <template #default="{ item, index, itemRef }">
         <div
-          class="d-inline-flex flex-column"
-          :class="item.action == 1 ? 'align-start' : 'align-end'"
+          :ref="itemRef"
+          :key="getMessageKey(item) || index"
+          class="chat-group d-flex mt-5 mb-8"
+          :class="item.action == 1 ? 'flex-row align-start' : 'flex-row-reverse align-end'"
         >
-          <MessageCard :message="item" @imageload="handleImageLoad" />
+          <div class="d-inline-flex flex-column" :class="item.action == 1 ? 'align-start' : 'align-end'">
+            <MessageCard :message="item" @imageload="handleImageLoad" />
+          </div>
         </div>
-      </div>
-    </template>
-  </VirtualList>
+      </template>
+    </VVirtualScroll>
+  </VInfiniteScroll>
 </template>
diff --git a/src/views/user/UserListView.vue b/src/views/user/UserListView.vue
index b634518b..e824b5e3 100644
--- a/src/views/user/UserListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/user/UserListView.vue
@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@ import type { User } from '@/api/types'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
 import UserCard from '@/components/cards/UserCard.vue'
 import UserAddEditDialog from '@/components/dialog/UserAddEditDialog.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useDynamicButton } from '@/composables/useDynamicButton'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { usePWA } from '@/composables/usePWA'
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页，min-item-width=288 → 1xs 2sm 3md 4lg 5xl）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3, lg: 4, xl: 5, xxl: 5 })
-
 // 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
@@ -85,21 +81,19 @@ useDynamicButton({
     <!-- 加载中提示 -->
     <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
     <!-- 用户卡片网格 -->
-    <VirtualGrid
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
       v-if="allUsers.length > 0 && isRefreshed"
       :items="allUsers"
-      :columns="cols"
-      :row-estimate-size="260"
-      :gap="16"
-      key-field="id"
-      use-window-scroll
+      :min-item-width="288"
+      :estimated-item-height="260"
+      :get-item-key="user => user.id"
       class="px-2"
     >
       <!-- 普通用户卡片 -->
-      <template #item="{ item }">
+      <template #default="{ item }">
         <UserCard :user="item" :users="allUsers" @remove="loadAllUsers" @save="loadAllUsers" />
       </template>
-    </VirtualGrid>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
 
     <!-- 无数据提示 -->
     <div v-if="allUsers.length === 0 && isRefreshed">
diff --git a/src/views/workflow/WorkflowListView.vue b/src/views/workflow/WorkflowListView.vue
index a76f9117..e2527d9a 100644
--- a/src/views/workflow/WorkflowListView.vue
+++ b/src/views/workflow/WorkflowListView.vue
@@ -4,20 +4,25 @@ import { Workflow } from '@/api/types'
 import WorkflowAddEditDialog from '@/components/dialog/WorkflowAddEditDialog.vue'
 import WorkflowTaskCard from '@/components/cards/WorkflowTaskCard.vue'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
+// 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 2, lg: 3, xl: 4, xxl: 4 })
-
+// 是否刷新
 const isRefreshed = ref(false)
+
+// 新增对话框
 const addDialog = ref(false)
+
+// 所有任务
 const workflowList = ref<Workflow[]>([])
+
+// 事件类型列表
 const eventTypes = ref<Array<{ title: string; value: string }>>([])
 
+// 加载事件类型列表
 async function loadEventTypes() {
   try {
     eventTypes.value = await api.get('workflow/event_types')
@@ -26,6 +31,7 @@ async function loadEventTypes() {
   }
 }
 
+// 加载数据
 async function fetchData() {
   try {
     workflowList.value = await api.get('workflow/')
@@ -35,6 +41,7 @@ async function fetchData() {
   }
 }
 
+// 新增完成
 function addDone() {
   addDialog.value = false
   fetchData()
@@ -57,25 +64,21 @@ defineExpose({
   openAddDialog,
 })
 </script>
-
 <template>
   <div>
     <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
-    <VirtualGrid
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
       v-if="workflowList.length > 0 && isRefreshed"
       :items="workflowList"
-      :columns="cols"
-      :row-estimate-size="420"
-      :gap="12"
-      :overscan="2"
-      key-field="id"
-      use-window-scroll
+      :get-item-key="item => item.id"
+      :min-item-width="288"
+      :estimated-item-height="420"
       class="px-2"
     >
-      <template #item="{ item }">
+      <template #default="{ item }">
         <WorkflowTaskCard :workflow="item" :event-types="eventTypes" @refresh="fetchData" />
       </template>
-    </VirtualGrid>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
     <NoDataFound
       v-if="workflowList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
       error-code="404"
diff --git a/src/views/workflow/WorkflowShareView.vue b/src/views/workflow/WorkflowShareView.vue
index 41622f64..c4b6b570 100644
--- a/src/views/workflow/WorkflowShareView.vue
+++ b/src/views/workflow/WorkflowShareView.vue
@@ -3,33 +3,50 @@ import api from '@/api'
 import type { WorkflowShare } from '@/api/types'
 import NoDataFound from '@/components/NoDataFound.vue'
 import WorkflowShareCard from '@/components/cards/WorkflowShareCard.vue'
-import VirtualGrid from '@/components/virtual/VirtualGrid.vue'
-import { useBreakpointCols } from '@/composables/virtual/useBreakpointCols'
+import ProgressiveCardGrid from '@/components/misc/ProgressiveCardGrid.vue'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
+// 国际化
 const { t } = useI18n()
 
-// 列数：按视口断点（路由级全宽页）
-const cols = useBreakpointCols({ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 2, lg: 3, xl: 4, xxl: 4 })
-
+// 定义输入参数
 const props = defineProps({
+  // 过滤关键字
   keyword: String,
 })
 
+// 定义事件
 const emit = defineEmits(['update'])
 
+// 判断是否有滚动条
+function hasScroll() {
+  return document.body.scrollHeight - (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) > 2
+}
+
+// API
 const apipath = 'workflow/shares'
 
+// 当前页码
 const page = ref(1)
+
+// 搜索关键字
 const keyword = ref(props.keyword)
-const loading = ref(false)
-const isRefreshed = ref(false)
-const hasMore = ref(true)
 const currentKey = ref(0)
 
+// 是否加载中
+const loading = ref(false)
+
+// 是否加载完成
+const isRefreshed = ref(false)
+
+// 数据列表
 const dataList = ref<WorkflowShare[]>([])
+const currData = ref<WorkflowShare[]>([])
+
+// 事件类型列表
 const eventTypes = ref<Array<{ title: string; value: string }>>([])
 
+// 加载事件类型列表
 async function loadEventTypes() {
   try {
     eventTypes.value = await api.get('workflow/event_types')
@@ -42,91 +59,126 @@ watch(
   () => props.keyword,
   newKeyword => {
     keyword.value = newKeyword || ''
-    dataList.value = []
     page.value = 1
-    hasMore.value = true
+    dataList.value = []
     isRefreshed.value = false
     currentKey.value++
-    void fetchData()
   },
 )
 
+// 拼装参数
 function getParams() {
-  return {
+  let params = {
     page: page.value,
     count: 30,
     name: keyword.value,
   }
+  return params
 }
 
-async function fetchData() {
-  if (loading.value || !hasMore.value) return
-  loading.value = true
+// 获取列表数据
+async function fetchData({ done }: { done: any }) {
   try {
-    const data: WorkflowShare[] = await api.get(apipath, { params: getParams() })
-    isRefreshed.value = true
-    if (!data || data.length === 0) {
-      hasMore.value = false
+    // 如果正在加载中，直接返回
+    if (loading.value) {
+      done('ok')
       return
     }
-    dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...data]
-    page.value++
-    if (data.length < 30) hasMore.value = false
+
+    // 加载到满屏或者加载出错
+    if (!hasScroll()) {
+      // 加载多次
+      while (!hasScroll()) {
+        // 设置加载中
+        loading.value = true
+        // 请求API
+        currData.value = await api.get(apipath, {
+          params: getParams(),
+        })
+        // 取消加载中
+        loading.value = false
+        // 标计为已请求完成
+        isRefreshed.value = true
+        if (currData.value.length === 0) {
+          // 如果没有数据，跳出
+          done('empty')
+          return
+        }
+        // 合并数据
+        dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...currData.value]
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    } else {
+      // 设置加载中
+      loading.value = true
+      // 请求API
+      currData.value = await api.get(apipath, {
+        params: getParams(),
+      })
+      loading.value = false
+      // 标计为已请求完成
+      isRefreshed.value = true
+      if (currData.value.length === 0) {
+        // 如果没有数据，跳出
+        done('empty')
+      } else {
+        // 合并数据
+        dataList.value = [...dataList.value, ...currData.value]
+        // 页码+1
+        page.value++
+        // 返回加载成功
+        done('ok')
+      }
+    }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(error)
-  } finally {
-    loading.value = false
+    // 返回加载失败
+    done('error')
   }
 }
 
+// 将数据从列表中移除
 function removeData(id: string) {
   dataList.value = dataList.value.filter(item => item.id !== id)
 }
 
-// 路由激活：刷新事件类型 + 数据（保留原行为）
 onActivated(() => {
   loadEventTypes()
-  // 仅在尚未加载过时拉首屏，避免每次切回都全量重拉造成白屏
-  if (!isRefreshed.value || dataList.value.length === 0) {
-    void fetchData()
-  }
-})
-
-onMounted(() => {
-  loadEventTypes()
-  void fetchData()
+  fetchData({ done: () => {} })
 })
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <VPageContentTitle v-if="keyword" :title="`${t('common.search')}：${keyword}`" />
   <LoadingBanner v-if="!isRefreshed" class="mt-12" />
-  <VirtualGrid
-    v-if="isRefreshed && dataList.length > 0"
-    :key="currentKey"
-    :items="dataList"
-    :columns="cols"
-    :row-estimate-size="220"
-    :gap="12"
-    :overscan="3"
-    key-field="id"
-    use-window-scroll
-    class="pt-2"
-    @load-more="fetchData"
-  >
-    <template #item="{ item }">
-      <WorkflowShareCard
-        :workflow="item"
-        :event-types="eventTypes"
-        @delete="removeData(item.id || '')"
-        @update="emit('update')"
-      />
-    </template>
-  </VirtualGrid>
-  <NoDataFound
-    v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
-    error-code="404"
-    :error-title="t('common.noData')"
-    :error-description="keyword ? t('common.noContent') : t('workflow.noShareData')"
-  />
+  <VInfiniteScroll mode="intersect" side="end" :items="dataList" class="overflow-visible px-2" @load="fetchData" :key="currentKey">
+    <template #loading />
+    <template #empty />
+    <ProgressiveCardGrid
+      v-if="dataList.length > 0"
+      :items="dataList"
+      :get-item-key="item => item.id"
+      :min-item-width="288"
+      :estimated-item-height="220"
+      tabindex="0"
+    >
+      <template #default="{ item }">
+        <WorkflowShareCard
+          :workflow="item"
+          :event-types="eventTypes"
+          @delete="removeData(item.id || '')"
+          @update="emit('update')"
+        />
+      </template>
+    </ProgressiveCardGrid>
+    <NoDataFound
+      v-if="dataList.length === 0 && isRefreshed"
+      error-code="404"
+      :error-title="t('common.noData')"
+      :error-description="keyword ? t('common.noContent') : t('workflow.noShareData')"
+    />
+  </VInfiniteScroll>
 </template>
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 8c72edaf..f08483b5 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -861,24 +861,24 @@
   integrity sha512-+nxncfwHM5SgAtrVzgpzJOI1ol0PkumhVo469KCf9lUi21IGcY90G98VuHm9VRrUypmAzawAHO9bs6hqeADaVg==
 
 "@emnapi/core@^1.4.3":
-  version "1.10.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@emnapi/core/-/core-1.10.0.tgz#380ccc8f2412ea22d1d972df7f8ee23a3b9c7467"
-  integrity sha512-yq6OkJ4p82CAfPl0u9mQebQHKPJkY7WrIuk205cTYnYe+k2Z8YBh11FrbRG/H6ihirqcacOgl2BIO8oyMQLeXw==
+  version "1.8.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@emnapi/core/-/core-1.8.1.tgz#fd9efe721a616288345ffee17a1f26ac5dd01349"
+  integrity sha512-AvT9QFpxK0Zd8J0jopedNm+w/2fIzvtPKPjqyw9jwvBaReTTqPBk9Hixaz7KbjimP+QNz605/XnjFcDAL2pqBg==
   dependencies:
-    "@emnapi/wasi-threads" "1.2.1"
+    "@emnapi/wasi-threads" "1.1.0"
     tslib "^2.4.0"
 
 "@emnapi/runtime@^1.2.0", "@emnapi/runtime@^1.4.3":
-  version "1.10.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@emnapi/runtime/-/runtime-1.10.0.tgz#4b260c0d3534204e98c6110b8db1a987d26ec87c"
-  integrity sha512-ewvYlk86xUoGI0zQRNq/mC+16R1QeDlKQy21Ki3oSYXNgLb45GV1P6A0M+/s6nyCuNDqe5VpaY84BzXGwVbwFA==
+  version "1.8.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@emnapi/runtime/-/runtime-1.8.1.tgz#550fa7e3c0d49c5fb175a116e8cd70614f9a22a5"
+  integrity sha512-mehfKSMWjjNol8659Z8KxEMrdSJDDot5SXMq00dM8BN4o+CLNXQ0xH2V7EchNHV4RmbZLmmPdEaXZc5H2FXmDg==
   dependencies:
     tslib "^2.4.0"
 
-"@emnapi/wasi-threads@1.2.1":
-  version "1.2.1"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@emnapi/wasi-threads/-/wasi-threads-1.2.1.tgz#28fed21a1ba1ce797c44a070abc94d42f3ae8548"
-  integrity sha512-uTII7OYF+/Mes/MrcIOYp5yOtSMLBWSIoLPpcgwipoiKbli6k322tcoFsxoIIxPDqW01SQGAgko4EzZi2BNv2w==
+"@emnapi/wasi-threads@1.1.0":
+  version "1.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@emnapi/wasi-threads/-/wasi-threads-1.1.0.tgz#60b2102fddc9ccb78607e4a3cf8403ea69be41bf"
+  integrity sha512-WI0DdZ8xFSbgMjR1sFsKABJ/C5OnRrjT06JXbZKexJGrDuPTzZdDYfFlsgcCXCyf+suG5QU2e/y1Wo2V/OapLQ==
   dependencies:
     tslib "^2.4.0"
 
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@
 
 "@iconify-json/tabler@^1.2.23":
   version "1.2.34"
-  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/@iconify-json/tabler/-/tabler-1.2.34.tgz"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@iconify-json/tabler/-/tabler-1.2.34.tgz#5c61bf336911c289aaaf218e0c6b78a34a27bc88"
   integrity sha512-WSlE5QrptidM57sCnXkpxZKcrk+oue6OlSJD5+gw8rIjuovOeNlejL/zABBM5kASsxLjoSy738Q8hmKrVzODuA==
   dependencies:
     "@iconify/types" "*"
@@ -1938,18 +1938,6 @@
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tailwindcss/aspect-ratio/-/aspect-ratio-0.4.2.tgz"
   integrity sha512-8QPrypskfBa7QIMuKHg2TA7BqES6vhBrDLOv8Unb6FcFyd3TjKbc6lcmb9UPQHxfl24sXoJ41ux/H7qQQvfaSQ==
 
-"@tanstack/virtual-core@3.14.0":
-  version "3.14.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tanstack/virtual-core/-/virtual-core-3.14.0.tgz"
-  integrity sha512-JLANqGy/D6k4Ujmh8Tr25lGimuOXNiaVyXaCAZS0W+1390sADdGnyUdSWNIfd49gebtIxGMij4IktRVzrdr12Q==
-
-"@tanstack/vue-virtual@^3.13.24":
-  version "3.13.24"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@tanstack/vue-virtual/-/vue-virtual-3.13.24.tgz#f6c76f452dff6c1add9934f6b8023b9c8dce06c0"
-  integrity sha512-A0k2qF0zFSUStXSZkGXABouXr2Tw2Ztl/cVIYG9qy84uR8W7UNjAcX3DvzBS3YnDcwvLxab8v7dbmYBZ39itDA==
-  dependencies:
-    "@tanstack/virtual-core" "3.14.0"
-
 "@tokenizer/token@^0.3.0":
   version "0.3.0"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tokenizer/token/-/token-0.3.0.tgz"
@@ -1961,9 +1949,9 @@
   integrity sha512-L7z9BgrNEcYyUYtF+HaEfiS5ebkh9jXqbszz7pC0hRBPaatV0XjSD3+eHrpqFemQfgwiFF0QPIarnIihIDn7OA==
 
 "@tybys/wasm-util@^0.10.0":
-  version "0.10.2"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@tybys/wasm-util/-/wasm-util-0.10.2.tgz#12b3a1b33db1f9cad4ddff1f604ab7dd00bf464e"
-  integrity sha512-RoBvJ2X0wuKlWFIjrwffGw1IqZHKQqzIchKaadZZfnNpsAYp2mM0h36JtPCjNDAHGgYez/15uMBpfGwchhiMgg==
+  version "0.10.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@tybys/wasm-util/-/wasm-util-0.10.1.tgz#ecddd3205cf1e2d5274649ff0eedd2991ed7f414"
+  integrity sha512-9tTaPJLSiejZKx+Bmog4uSubteqTvFrVrURwkmHixBo0G4seD0zUxp98E1DzUBJxLQ3NPwXrGKDiVjwx/DpPsg==
   dependencies:
     tslib "^2.4.0"
 
@@ -7014,7 +7002,16 @@ std-env@^3.9.0:
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/std-env/-/std-env-3.9.0.tgz"
   integrity sha512-UGvjygr6F6tpH7o2qyqR6QYpwraIjKSdtzyBdyytFOHmPZY917kwdwLG0RbOjWOnKmnm3PeHjaoLLMie7kPLQw==
 
-"string-width-cjs@npm:string-width@^4.2.0", string-width@^4.1.0, string-width@^4.2.0, string-width@^4.2.3:
+"string-width-cjs@npm:string-width@^4.2.0":
+  version "4.2.3"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==
+  dependencies:
+    emoji-regex "^8.0.0"
+    is-fullwidth-code-point "^3.0.0"
+    strip-ansi "^6.0.1"
+
+string-width@^4.1.0, string-width@^4.2.0, string-width@^4.2.3:
   version "4.2.3"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz"
   integrity sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==
@@ -7099,7 +7096,14 @@ stringify-object@^3.3.0:
     is-obj "^1.0.1"
     is-regexp "^1.0.0"
 
-"strip-ansi-cjs@npm:strip-ansi@^6.0.1", strip-ansi@^6.0.0, strip-ansi@^6.0.1:
+"strip-ansi-cjs@npm:strip-ansi@^6.0.1":
+  version "6.0.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==
+  dependencies:
+    ansi-regex "^5.0.1"
+
+strip-ansi@^6.0.0, strip-ansi@^6.0.1:
   version "6.0.1"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz"
   integrity sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==