diff --git a/app/db/models/user.py b/app/db/models/user.py
index e649e4811..8f9fc0ae5 100644
--- a/app/db/models/user.py
+++ b/app/db/models/user.py
@@ -81,9 +81,11 @@ class User(Base):
             user.delete(db, user.id)
         return True
 
+    @classmethod
     @async_db_update
-    async def async_delete_by_id(self, db: AsyncSession, user_id: int):
-        user = await self.async_get_by_id(db, user_id)
+    async def async_delete_by_id(cls, db: AsyncSession, user_id: int):
+        """异步按用户 ID 删除用户，供 UserOper 通过类方法调用。"""
+        user = await cls.async_get_by_id(db, user_id)
         if user:
             await user.async_delete(db, user.id)
         return True
@@ -99,9 +101,11 @@ class User(Base):
             return True
         return False
 
+    @classmethod
     @async_db_update
-    async def async_update_otp_by_name(self, db: AsyncSession, name: str, otp: bool, secret: str):
-        user = await self.async_get_by_name(db, name)
+    async def async_update_otp_by_name(cls, db: AsyncSession, name: str, otp: bool, secret: str):
+        """异步按用户名更新 OTP 状态，供 UserOper 通过类方法调用。"""
+        user = await cls.async_get_by_name(db, name)
         if user:
             await user.async_update(db, {
                 'is_otp': otp,
diff --git a/tests/test_db_config_user_queries.py b/tests/test_db_config_user_queries.py
index b2a087c07..fb6664f5e 100644
--- a/tests/test_db_config_user_queries.py
+++ b/tests/test_db_config_user_queries.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from app.db.models.passkey import PassKey
 from app.db.models.systemconfig import SystemConfig
 from app.db.models.user import User
 from app.db.models.userconfig import UserConfig
+from app.db.oper.user import UserOper
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
@@ -166,16 +167,21 @@ def test_user_async_mutations_match_sync_behaviour(db):
     """
     异步的删除与 OTP 更新必须与同步路径给出相同的存在性判断。
     """
+    async_id_user = db.add(User(name="mp-test-async-id", hashed_password="x"))
     db.add(User(name="mp-test-async-otp", hashed_password="x", is_otp=False))
+    oper = UserOper()
 
-    assert asyncio.run(User().async_update_otp_by_name(
+    assert asyncio.run(User.async_update_otp_by_name(
         name="mp-test-async-otp", otp=True, secret="S2")) is True
-    assert asyncio.run(User().async_update_otp_by_name(
+    assert asyncio.run(User.async_update_otp_by_name(
         name="mp-test-nobody", otp=True, secret="S2")) is False
 
     assert asyncio.run(User().async_delete_by_name(name="mp-test-async-otp")) is True
     assert User.get_by_name(db.session, "mp-test-async-otp") is None
 
+    asyncio.run(oper.async_delete(async_id_user.id))
+    assert User.get_by_id(db.session, async_id_user.id) is None
+
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 # PassKey