diff --git a/app/agent/skills/registry.py b/app/agent/skills/registry.py
index bd626d423..08dd4aba0 100644
--- a/app/agent/skills/registry.py
+++ b/app/agent/skills/registry.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from urllib.parse import urlencode, urljoin, urlparse
 from app.agent.skills.metadata import parse_skill_metadata
 from app.runtime.cache import cached, fresh
 from app.runtime.settings import RuntimeSettingsCompat
-from app.application.configuration import get_runtime_settings
 
 settings = RuntimeSettingsCompat()
 from app.runtime.log import logger
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ class SkillHelper(metaclass=WeakSingleton):
         将技能源列表写回配置文件，并同步更新内存中的 settings。
         """
         filtered_sources = [item.strip() for item in sources if item and item.strip()]
-        success, message = get_runtime_settings().update(
+        success, message = settings.update_setting(
             key="SKILL_MARKET",
             value=",".join(filtered_sources),
         )
diff --git a/app/db/oper/userconfig.py b/app/db/oper/userconfig.py
index 5edfc3b97..df15a0bbc 100644
--- a/app/db/oper/userconfig.py
+++ b/app/db/oper/userconfig.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-from typing import Any, Union, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Any, Union, Dict, Optional, List
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app.db.base import DbOper
 from app.db.models.userconfig import UserConfig
 from app.schemas.types import UserConfigKey
 from app.foundation.singleton import Singleton
+from app.db.decorators import run_legacy_sync_query
 
 
 class UserConfigOper(DbOper, metaclass=Singleton):
@@ -16,9 +20,29 @@ class UserConfigOper(DbOper, metaclass=Singleton):
         """
         super().__init__()
         self.__USERCONF = {}
-        for item in UserConfig.list(self._db):
+        for item in self._list_configs():
             self.__set_config_cache(username=item.username, key=item.key, value=item.value)
 
+    def _with_sync_session(self, operation):
+        """在显式会话或兼容查询会话中执行只读操作。"""
+        if isinstance(self._db, Session):
+            return operation(self._db)
+        return run_legacy_sync_query(operation)
+
+    def _list_configs(self) -> List[UserConfig]:
+        """读取全部用户配置，避免把 None 会话传入已显式化的 Model。"""
+        return self._with_sync_session(
+            lambda session: list(session.execute(select(UserConfig)).scalars().all())
+        )
+
+    def _get_by_key(self, username: str, key: str) -> Optional[UserConfig]:
+        """按用户名和键读取配置，复用调用方事务或一次性兼容会话。"""
+        return self._with_sync_session(
+            lambda session: UserConfig.get_by_key(
+                db=session, username=username, key=key
+            )
+        )
+
     def set(self, username: str, key: Union[str, UserConfigKey], value: Any):
         """
         设置用户配置
@@ -28,7 +52,7 @@ class UserConfigOper(DbOper, metaclass=Singleton):
         # 更新内存
         self.__set_config_cache(username=username, key=key, value=value)
         # 写入数据库
-        conf = UserConfig.get_by_key(db=self._db, username=username, key=key)
+        conf = self._get_by_key(username=username, key=key)
         if conf:
             if value:
                 self._stage_update(conf, {"value": value})
diff --git a/app/runtime/settings.py b/app/runtime/settings.py
index 7c2b75dc4..fbcafa51f 100644
--- a/app/runtime/settings.py
+++ b/app/runtime/settings.py
@@ -14,19 +14,57 @@ _provider: RuntimeSettingProvider | None = None
 class RuntimeSettingsCompat:
     """为旧模块级 Settings 访问提供动态 runtime 配置代理。"""
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _legacy_settings() -> Any:
+        """返回旧 Settings 实例，供 runtime 尚未装配时的兼容回退使用。"""
+        return importlib.import_module("app.runtime.config").settings
+
     def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> Any:
         """读取当前组合根配置；未装配时沿用旧 Settings 回退。"""
         return get_runtime_setting(key)
 
     def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
         """把旧模块级覆盖同步到 legacy Settings，保持测试和插件注入语义。"""
-        legacy_settings = importlib.import_module("app.runtime.config").settings
-        setattr(legacy_settings, key, value)
+        setattr(self._legacy_settings(), key, value)
 
     def __delattr__(self, key: str) -> None:
         """删除旧模块级覆盖，使配置对象恢复其原有属性解析。"""
-        legacy_settings = importlib.import_module("app.runtime.config").settings
-        delattr(legacy_settings, key)
+        delattr(self._legacy_settings(), key)
+
+    def model_dump(
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: set[str] | None = None,
+        exclude: set[str] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """导出当前配置快照，保留旧 Settings 的序列化入口。"""
+        try:
+            from app.application.configuration import get_runtime_settings
+
+            return get_runtime_settings().snapshot(include=include, exclude=exclude)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return self._legacy_settings().model_dump(
+                include=include, exclude=exclude, **kwargs
+            )
+
+    def update_setting(self, key: str, value: Any) -> tuple[Any, str]:
+        """更新单项配置，兼容插件对模块级 Settings 的公开调用。"""
+        try:
+            from app.application.configuration import get_runtime_settings
+
+            return get_runtime_settings().update(key, value)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return self._legacy_settings().update_setting(key, value)
+
+    def update_settings(self, env: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, tuple[Any, str]]:
+        """批量更新配置，兼容旧 Settings 的管理接口。"""
+        try:
+            from app.application.configuration import get_runtime_settings
+
+            return get_runtime_settings().update_many(env)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return self._legacy_settings().update_settings(env=env)
 
 
 def configure_runtime_setting_provider(provider: RuntimeSettingProvider) -> None:
@@ -39,5 +77,4 @@ def get_runtime_setting(key: str) -> Any:
     """读取单项运行配置；启动早期未装配时回退旧 Settings ABI。"""
     if _provider is not None:
         return _provider(key)
-    legacy_settings = importlib.import_module("app.runtime.config").settings
-    return getattr(legacy_settings, key)
+    return getattr(RuntimeSettingsCompat._legacy_settings(), key)