import datetime import random from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union import pytz from apscheduler.triggers.cron import CronTrigger from apscheduler.triggers.date import DateTrigger class TimerUtils: """ 定时与时间差计算工具。 """ SCHEDULE_TRIGGER_TYPES = ("date", "cron") @staticmethod def normalize_schedule_trigger( trigger_type: str, trigger_value: str, timezone_name: str, require_future: bool = False, ) -> Tuple[str, str]: """ 校验并规范化单次时间或五段 cron 表达式。 :param trigger_type: 触发类型，支持 date 或 cron :param trigger_value: 带时区或本地时间字符串，或五段 cron 表达式 :param timezone_name: 无显式时区时使用的系统时区 :param require_future: 单次任务是否必须安排在未来 :return: 规范化后的触发类型和触发值 """ normalized_type = str(trigger_type or "").strip().lower() normalized_value = str(trigger_value or "").strip() if normalized_type not in TimerUtils.SCHEDULE_TRIGGER_TYPES: raise ValueError("trigger_type 仅支持 date 或 cron") if not normalized_value: raise ValueError("trigger 不能为空") timezone = pytz.timezone(timezone_name) if normalized_type == "cron": normalized_value = " ".join(normalized_value.split()) if len(normalized_value.split()) != 5: raise ValueError("cron 必须是标准五段表达式：分 时 日 月 周") CronTrigger.from_crontab(normalized_value, timezone=timezone) return normalized_type, normalized_value try: run_at = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(normalized_value) except ValueError as err: raise ValueError( "date 时间必须使用 ISO 8601 格式，例如 2026-07-19 20:30:00" ) from err if run_at.tzinfo is None: run_at = timezone.localize(run_at) else: run_at = run_at.astimezone(timezone) if require_future and run_at <= datetime.datetime.now(timezone): raise ValueError("单次任务的触发时间必须晚于当前时间") return normalized_type, run_at.isoformat(timespec="seconds") @staticmethod def build_schedule_trigger( trigger_type: str, trigger_value: str, timezone_name: str, ) -> Union[CronTrigger, DateTrigger]: """ 构建 APScheduler 单次或 cron 触发器。 :param trigger_type: 触发类型，支持 date 或 cron :param trigger_value: 已配置的触发时间或 cron 表达式 :param timezone_name: 调度器使用的系统时区 :return: APScheduler 触发器 """ normalized_type, normalized_value = TimerUtils.normalize_schedule_trigger( trigger_type=trigger_type, trigger_value=trigger_value, timezone_name=timezone_name, ) timezone = pytz.timezone(timezone_name) if normalized_type == "cron": return CronTrigger.from_crontab(normalized_value, timezone=timezone) return DateTrigger( run_date=datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(normalized_value), timezone=timezone, ) @staticmethod def get_schedule_next_run_time( trigger_type: str, trigger_value: str, timezone_name: str, now: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None, ) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]: """ 计算指定触发配置的下一次执行时间。 :param trigger_type: 触发类型，支持 date 或 cron :param trigger_value: 已配置的触发时间或 cron 表达式 :param timezone_name: 调度器使用的系统时区 :param now: 可选的计算基准时间 :return: 下一次执行时间，不再触发时返回 None """ timezone = pytz.timezone(timezone_name) current_time = now or datetime.datetime.now(timezone) if current_time.tzinfo is None: current_time = timezone.localize(current_time) trigger = TimerUtils.build_schedule_trigger( trigger_type=trigger_type, trigger_value=trigger_value, timezone_name=timezone_name, ) return trigger.get_next_fire_time(None, current_time) @staticmethod def random_scheduler(num_executions: int = 1, begin_hour: int = 7, end_hour: int = 23, min_interval: int = 20, max_interval: int = 40) -> List[datetime.datetime]: """ 按执行次数生成随机定时器 :param num_executions: 执行次数 :param begin_hour: 开始时间 :param end_hour: 结束时间 :param min_interval: 最小间隔分钟 :param max_interval: 最大间隔分钟 """ trigger: list = [] # 当前时间 now = datetime.datetime.now() # 创建随机的时间触发器 random_trigger = now.replace(hour=begin_hour, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0) for _ in range(num_executions): # 随机生成下一个任务的时间间隔 interval_minutes = random.randint(min_interval, max_interval) random_interval = datetime.timedelta(minutes=interval_minutes) # 记录上一个任务的时间触发器 last_random_trigger = random_trigger # 更新当前时间为下一个任务的时间触发器 random_trigger += random_interval # 达到结束时间或者时间出现倒退时退出 if random_trigger.hour > end_hour \ or random_trigger.hour < last_random_trigger.hour: break # 添加到队列 trigger.append(random_trigger) return trigger @staticmethod def random_even_scheduler(num_executions: int = 1, begin_hour: int = 7, end_hour: int = 23) -> List[datetime.datetime]: """ 按执行次数尽可能平均生成随机定时器 :param num_executions: 执行次数 :param begin_hour: 计划范围开始的小时数 :param end_hour: 计划范围结束的小时数 """ trigger_times = [] start_time = datetime.datetime.now().replace(hour=begin_hour, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0) end_time = datetime.datetime.now().replace(hour=end_hour, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0) # 计算范围内的总分钟数 total_minutes = int((end_time - start_time).total_seconds() / 60) # 计算每个执行时间段的平均长度 segment_length = total_minutes // num_executions for i in range(num_executions): # 在每个段内随机选择一个点 start_segment = segment_length * i end_segment = start_segment + segment_length minute = random.randint(start_segment, end_segment - 1) trigger_time = start_time + datetime.timedelta(minutes=minute) trigger_times.append(trigger_time) return trigger_times @staticmethod def time_difference(input_datetime: datetime) -> str: """ 判断输入时间与当前的时间差，如果输入时间大于当前时间则返回时间差，否则返回空字符串 """ if not input_datetime: return "" current_datetime = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc).astimezone() time_difference = input_datetime - current_datetime if time_difference.total_seconds() < 0: return "" days = time_difference.days hours, remainder = divmod(time_difference.seconds, 3600) minutes, second = divmod(remainder, 60) time_difference_string = "" if days > 0: time_difference_string += f"{days}天" if hours > 0: time_difference_string += f"{hours}小时" if minutes > 0: time_difference_string += f"{minutes}分钟" if not time_difference_string and second: time_difference_string = f"{second}秒" return time_difference_string @staticmethod def diff_minutes(input_datetime: datetime) -> int: """ 计算当前时间与输入时间的分钟差 """ if not input_datetime: return 0 time_difference = datetime.datetime.now() - input_datetime return int(time_difference.total_seconds() / 60)