diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.locate-toolbar.test.tsx b/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.locate-toolbar.test.tsx
index f0303778..f3adcab1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.locate-toolbar.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Sidebar.locate-toolbar.test.tsx
@@ -2254,6 +2254,20 @@ describe('Sidebar locate toolbar', () => {
     expect(metaSource).not.toContain('— 行');
   });
 
+  it('sorts sidebar table names in natural numeric order', () => {
+    const entries = [
+      { tableName: 'table_10', displayName: 'table_10' },
+      { tableName: 'table_2', displayName: 'table_2' },
+      { tableName: 'table_1', displayName: 'table_1' },
+    ];
+
+    expect(sortSidebarTableEntries(entries, {
+      connectionId: 'conn-1',
+      dbName: 'main',
+      sortBy: 'name',
+    }).map((entry) => entry.tableName)).toEqual(['table_1', 'table_2', 'table_10']);
+  });
+
   it('sorts pinned sidebar tables before the active sort mode', () => {
     const pinnedSidebarTables = [
       buildSidebarTablePinKey('conn-1', 'main', 'orders', 'public'),
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/TableDesigner.tsx b/frontend/src/components/TableDesigner.tsx
index a8f4ed6f..f50f56e7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/TableDesigner.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/TableDesigner.tsx
@@ -243,6 +243,10 @@ const COMMON_DEFAULTS = [
     { value: "''" },
 ];
 
+const isMySQLCharacterColumnType = (columnType: string): boolean => (
+    /^(?:char|varchar|tinytext|text|mediumtext|longtext|enum|set|nchar|nvarchar)\b/i.test(String(columnType || '').trim())
+);
+
 
 const PGLIKE_INDEX_TYPE_OPTIONS = [
     { label: 'DEFAULT', value: 'DEFAULT' },
@@ -285,7 +289,16 @@ const COLLATIONS = {
         { label: 'utf8_unicode_ci', value: 'utf8_unicode_ci' },
         { label: 'utf8_general_ci', value: 'utf8_general_ci' },
         { label: 'utf8_bin', value: 'utf8_bin' },
-    ]
+    ],
+    'latin1': [
+        { label: 'latin1_swedish_ci', value: 'latin1_swedish_ci' },
+        { label: 'latin1_general_ci', value: 'latin1_general_ci' },
+        { label: 'latin1_bin', value: 'latin1_bin' },
+    ],
+    'ascii': [
+        { label: 'ascii_general_ci', value: 'ascii_general_ci' },
+        { label: 'ascii_bin', value: 'ascii_bin' },
+    ],
 };
 
 const getCollationOptions = (i18nLanguage: string) => Object.fromEntries(
@@ -476,7 +489,12 @@ const TableDesigner: React.FC<{ tab: TabData; embedded?: boolean }> = ({ tab, em
   const [isCommentModalOpen, setIsCommentModalOpen] = useState(false);
   const [commentEditorColumnKey, setCommentEditorColumnKey] = useState('');
   const [commentEditorColumnName, setCommentEditorColumnName] = useState('');
+  const [commentEditorColumnType, setCommentEditorColumnType] = useState('');
   const [commentEditorValue, setCommentEditorValue] = useState('');
+  const [columnDefaultEnabled, setColumnDefaultEnabled] = useState(false);
+  const [columnDefaultValue, setColumnDefaultValue] = useState('');
+  const [columnCharset, setColumnCharset] = useState<string | undefined>();
+  const [columnCollation, setColumnCollation] = useState<string | undefined>();
   const [inlineCommentEditingKey, setInlineCommentEditingKey] = useState('');
   
   const connections = useStore(state => state.connections);
@@ -515,7 +533,12 @@ const TableDesigner: React.FC<{ tab: TabData; embedded?: boolean }> = ({ tab, em
       setInlineCommentEditingKey('');
       setCommentEditorColumnKey(record._key);
       setCommentEditorColumnName(record.name || '');
+      setCommentEditorColumnType(record.type || '');
       setCommentEditorValue(record.comment || '');
+      setColumnDefaultEnabled(record.hasDefault === true);
+      setColumnDefaultValue(record.default ?? '');
+      setColumnCharset(record.charset);
+      setColumnCollation(record.collation);
       setIsCommentModalOpen(true);
   }, []);
 
@@ -523,7 +546,12 @@ const TableDesigner: React.FC<{ tab: TabData; embedded?: boolean }> = ({ tab, em
       setIsCommentModalOpen(false);
       setCommentEditorColumnKey('');
       setCommentEditorColumnName('');
+      setCommentEditorColumnType('');
       setCommentEditorValue('');
+      setColumnDefaultEnabled(false);
+      setColumnDefaultValue('');
+      setColumnCharset(undefined);
+      setColumnCollation(undefined);
   }, []);
 
   // 透明 Monaco Editor 主题由 MonacoEditor 包装组件按需注册（含 stickyScroll 不透明背景）
@@ -718,11 +746,25 @@ const TableDesigner: React.FC<{ tab: TabData; embedded?: boolean }> = ({ tab, em
               dataIndex: 'default', 
               key: 'default', 
               width: 180, // Increased default width
-              render: (text: string, record: EditableColumn) => readOnly ? text : (
-                  renderDesignerCellField(
-                      <AutoComplete options={COMMON_DEFAULTS} value={text} onChange={val => handleColumnChange(record._key, 'default', val)} style={{ width: '100%' }} variant="borderless" placeholder="NULL" />
-                  )
-              )
+              render: (text: string | undefined, record: EditableColumn) => {
+                  const value = record.hasDefault
+                      ? (text === '' ? "''" : (text ?? ''))
+                      : undefined;
+                  if (readOnly) return value;
+                  return renderDesignerCellField(
+                      <AutoComplete
+                          options={COMMON_DEFAULTS}
+                          value={value}
+                          onChange={val => {
+                              const hasDefault = val.length > 0;
+                              handleColumnChange(record._key, 'default', hasDefault ? (val === "''" ? '' : val) : undefined);
+                              handleColumnChange(record._key, 'hasDefault', hasDefault);
+                          }}
+                          style={{ width: '100%' }}
+                          variant="borderless"
+                      />
+                  );
+              }
           },
           { 
               title: renderDesignerHeaderTitle(t('table_designer.column.comment', undefined, i18nLanguage)),
@@ -754,7 +796,7 @@ const TableDesigner: React.FC<{ tab: TabData; embedded?: boolean }> = ({ tab, em
                               variant="borderless"
                           />
                       )}
-                      <Tooltip title={t('table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup', undefined, i18nLanguage)}>
+                      <Tooltip title={t('table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options', undefined, i18nLanguage)}>
                           <Button
                               type="text"
                               size="small"
@@ -773,7 +815,7 @@ const TableDesigner: React.FC<{ tab: TabData; embedded?: boolean }> = ({ tab, em
               onHeaderCell: () => ({ className: 'table-designer-action-column' }),
               render: (_: any, record: EditableColumn) => (
                   <div className="table-designer-action-cell">
-                      <Tooltip title={t('table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup', undefined, i18nLanguage)}>
+                      <Tooltip title={t('table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options', undefined, i18nLanguage)}>
                           <Button type="text" size="small" icon={<EditOutlined />} onClick={() => openCommentEditor(record)} />
                       </Tooltip>
                       <Tooltip title={t('table_designer.action.delete', undefined, i18nLanguage)}>
@@ -1310,12 +1352,43 @@ ${selectedTrigger.statement}`;
                   newCol.nullable = 'NO';
                   newCol.type = 'int'; // Suggest INT
               }
+              if (field === 'type' && getDbType() === 'mysql' && !isMySQLCharacterColumnType(String(value))) {
+                  newCol.charset = undefined;
+                  newCol.collation = undefined;
+              }
               return newCol;
           }
           return col;
       }));
   };
 
+  const handleSaveColumnOptions = () => {
+      if (!commentEditorColumnKey) {
+          closeCommentEditor();
+          return;
+      }
+
+      const isMySQL = getDbType() === 'mysql';
+      const supportsCharacterOptions = isMySQL && isMySQLCharacterColumnType(commentEditorColumnType);
+      const hasDefault = columnDefaultEnabled && (
+          columnDefaultValue.length > 0 || isMySQLCharacterColumnType(commentEditorColumnType)
+      );
+      setColumns(prev => prev.map(col => {
+          if (col._key !== commentEditorColumnKey) return col;
+          return {
+              ...col,
+              comment: commentEditorValue,
+              hasDefault,
+              default: hasDefault ? columnDefaultValue : undefined,
+              ...(isMySQL ? {
+                  charset: supportsCharacterOptions ? columnCharset : undefined,
+                  collation: supportsCharacterOptions ? columnCollation : undefined,
+              } : {}),
+          };
+      }));
+      closeCommentEditor();
+  };
+
   const createNewColumn = useCallback((indexHint: number): EditableColumn => ({
       name: isNewTable ? 'new_column' : `new_col_${indexHint}`,
       type: 'varchar(255)',
@@ -1323,7 +1396,8 @@ ${selectedTrigger.statement}`;
       key: '',
       extra: '',
       comment: '',
-      default: '',
+      default: undefined,
+      hasDefault: false,
       _key: `new-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`,
       isNew: true,
       isAutoIncrement: false
@@ -3429,28 +3503,65 @@ END;`;
 
         <Modal
             title={commentEditorColumnName
-                ? t('table_designer.modal.column_comment_title_named', { name: commentEditorColumnName }, i18nLanguage)
-                : t('table_designer.modal.column_comment_title', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
+                ? t('table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named', { name: commentEditorColumnName }, i18nLanguage)
+                : t('table_designer.modal.column_options_title', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
             open={isCommentModalOpen}
             onCancel={closeCommentEditor}
-            onOk={() => {
-                if (commentEditorColumnKey) {
-                    handleColumnChange(commentEditorColumnKey, 'comment', commentEditorValue);
-                }
-                closeCommentEditor();
-            }}
+            onOk={handleSaveColumnOptions}
             okText={t('table_designer.action.apply', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
             cancelText={t('table_designer.action.cancel', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
             width={640}
             destroyOnHidden
         >
-            <Input.TextArea
-                value={commentEditorValue}
-                onChange={(e) => setCommentEditorValue(e.target.value)}
-                autoSize={{ minRows: 8, maxRows: 18 }}
-                placeholder={t('table_designer.placeholder.column_comment', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
-                maxLength={2000}
-            />
+            <Space direction="vertical" size={16} style={{ width: '100%' }}>
+                <Space direction="vertical" size={8} style={{ width: '100%' }}>
+                    <Checkbox
+                        checked={columnDefaultEnabled}
+                        onChange={(event) => setColumnDefaultEnabled(event.target.checked)}
+                    >
+                        {t('table_designer.column.enable_default', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
+                    </Checkbox>
+                    <AutoComplete
+                        options={COMMON_DEFAULTS}
+                        value={columnDefaultValue}
+                        onChange={setColumnDefaultValue}
+                        disabled={!columnDefaultEnabled}
+                        style={{ width: '100%' }}
+                        placeholder={t('table_designer.placeholder.column_default', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
+                    />
+                </Space>
+                {getDbType() === 'mysql' && isMySQLCharacterColumnType(commentEditorColumnType) && (
+                    <Space wrap size={12} style={{ width: '100%' }}>
+                        <AutoComplete
+                            allowClear
+                            value={columnCharset}
+                            onChange={(value) => {
+                                setColumnCharset(value || undefined);
+                                const options = value ? (COLLATIONS as any)[value] : undefined;
+                                setColumnCollation(options?.[0]?.value);
+                            }}
+                            options={charsetOptions}
+                            placeholder={t('table_designer.column.charset', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
+                            style={{ width: 180 }}
+                        />
+                        <AutoComplete
+                            allowClear
+                            value={columnCollation}
+                            onChange={(value) => setColumnCollation(value || undefined)}
+                            options={columnCharset ? (collationOptions as any)[columnCharset] || [] : []}
+                            placeholder={t('table_designer.column.collation', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
+                            style={{ width: 260 }}
+                        />
+                    </Space>
+                )}
+                <Input.TextArea
+                    value={commentEditorValue}
+                    onChange={(e) => setCommentEditorValue(e.target.value)}
+                    autoSize={{ minRows: 5, maxRows: 12 }}
+                    placeholder={t('table_designer.placeholder.column_comment', undefined, i18nLanguage)}
+                    maxLength={2000}
+                />
+            </Space>
         </Modal>
 
         <Modal
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/TableDesignerSqlPreview.test.tsx b/frontend/src/components/TableDesignerSqlPreview.test.tsx
index 0d6e7b0c..01090fb3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/TableDesignerSqlPreview.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/TableDesignerSqlPreview.test.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,16 @@ const tableDesignerColumnI18nKeys = [
   'table_designer.column.default',
   'table_designer.column.comment',
   'table_designer.column.actions',
-  'table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup',
+  'table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options',
+] as const;
+
+const tableDesignerColumnOptionI18nKeys = [
+  'table_designer.column.charset',
+  'table_designer.column.collation',
+  'table_designer.column.enable_default',
+  'table_designer.modal.column_options_title',
+  'table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named',
+  'table_designer.placeholder.column_default',
 ] as const;
 
 const tableDesignerSqlPreviewChangeKeys = [
@@ -158,6 +167,15 @@ describe('TableDesignerSqlPreview', () => {
     }
   });
 
+  it('keeps TableDesigner column option labels in i18n catalogs', () => {
+    for (const localeFile of sharedI18nLocaleFiles) {
+      const catalog = JSON.parse(readFileSync(new URL(localeFile, sharedI18nDir), 'utf8')) as Record<string, string>;
+      for (const key of tableDesignerColumnOptionI18nKeys) {
+        expect(catalog[key], `${localeFile} ${key}`).toBeTruthy();
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
   it('does not ship corrupted table designer i18n catalog strings', () => {
     const badLocalizedValuePattern = /\?{2,}|\uFFFD|f\?r|verf\?gbar|Schl\?ssel|Zuf\?llige|Schreibgesch\?tzt|OLAP \?|\{\{count\}\} \?/;
     const badValues: string[] = [];
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/sidebarV2Utils.ts b/frontend/src/components/sidebarV2Utils.ts
index 7367f42d..7924a1e4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/sidebarV2Utils.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/sidebarV2Utils.ts
@@ -123,7 +123,11 @@ export const sortSidebarTableEntries = <T extends SidebarTableEntryForSort>(
 ): T[] => {
   const pinnedKeys = options.pinnedSidebarTables || [];
   const accessCount = options.tableAccessCount || {};
-  const compareByName = (a: T, b: T) => a.displayName.toLowerCase().localeCompare(b.displayName.toLowerCase());
+  const compareByName = (a: T, b: T) => a.displayName.localeCompare(
+    b.displayName,
+    undefined,
+    { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' },
+  );
   const compareWithinPinnedGroup = (a: T, b: T) => {
     if (options.sortBy === 'frequency') {
       const countA = readTableAccessCount(
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.test.ts b/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.test.ts
index 60a799a5..f335462c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.test.ts
@@ -36,15 +36,20 @@ const translateEn = (key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number | bool
   catalogTranslate('en-US', key, params);
 
 const baseColumn = (overrides: Partial<EditableColumnSnapshot>): EditableColumnSnapshot => ({
-  _key: overrides._key || 'col',
-  name: overrides.name || 'id',
-  type: overrides.type || 'int',
-  nullable: overrides.nullable || 'NO',
-  default: overrides.default || '',
-  extra: overrides.extra || '',
-  comment: overrides.comment || '',
-  key: overrides.key || '',
-  isAutoIncrement: overrides.isAutoIncrement || false,
+  _key: overrides._key ?? 'col',
+  name: overrides.name ?? 'id',
+  type: overrides.type ?? 'int',
+  nullable: overrides.nullable ?? 'NO',
+  default: Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(overrides, 'default') ? overrides.default : undefined,
+  hasDefault: Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(overrides, 'hasDefault')
+    ? overrides.hasDefault
+    : overrides.default !== undefined && overrides.default !== null && String(overrides.default).trim().length > 0,
+  extra: overrides.extra ?? '',
+  comment: overrides.comment ?? '',
+  key: overrides.key ?? '',
+  charset: overrides.charset,
+  collation: overrides.collation,
+  isAutoIncrement: overrides.isAutoIncrement ?? false,
 });
 
 const buildInput = (overrides: Partial<BuildAlterTablePreviewInput>): BuildAlterTablePreviewInput => ({
@@ -155,6 +160,157 @@ describe('tableDesignerSchemaSql', () => {
     expect(sql).toContain('AFTER `id`');
   });
 
+  it('preserves explicit MySQL default states and expressions', () => {
+    const columns = [
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'none', name: 'none_value', type: 'varchar(16)', nullable: 'YES', hasDefault: false }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'null', name: 'null_value', type: 'varchar(16)', nullable: 'YES', default: 'NULL', hasDefault: true }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'empty', name: 'empty_value', type: 'varchar(16)', nullable: 'YES', default: '', hasDefault: true }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'zero', name: 'zero_value', type: 'int', nullable: 'YES', default: '0', hasDefault: true }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'text', name: 'text_value', type: 'varchar(16)', nullable: 'YES', default: 'active', hasDefault: true }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'time', name: 'time_value', type: 'timestamp(6)', nullable: 'NO', default: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6)', hasDefault: true }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'bit', name: 'bit_value', type: 'bit(1)', nullable: 'NO', default: "b'0'", hasDefault: true }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'hex', name: 'hex_value', type: 'binary(1)', nullable: 'NO', default: '0x00', hasDefault: true }),
+      baseColumn({ _key: 'uuid', name: 'uuid_value', type: 'binary(16)', nullable: 'NO', default: '(uuid_to_bin(uuid()))', hasDefault: true }),
+    ];
+
+    const sql = buildCreateTablePreviewSql({
+      tableName: 'defaults_test',
+      dbType: 'mysql',
+      columns,
+    });
+
+    expect(sql).toContain("`none_value` varchar(16) NULL COMMENT ''");
+    expect(sql).not.toContain('`none_value` varchar(16) NULL DEFAULT');
+    expect(sql).toContain('`null_value` varchar(16) NULL DEFAULT NULL');
+    expect(sql).toContain("`empty_value` varchar(16) NULL DEFAULT ''");
+    expect(sql).toContain('`zero_value` int NULL DEFAULT 0');
+    expect(sql).toContain("`text_value` varchar(16) NULL DEFAULT 'active'");
+    expect(sql).toContain('`time_value` timestamp(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6)');
+    expect(sql).toContain("`bit_value` bit(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT b'0'");
+    expect(sql).toContain('`hex_value` binary(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0x00');
+    expect(sql).toContain('`uuid_value` binary(16) NOT NULL DEFAULT (uuid_to_bin(uuid()))');
+  });
+
+  it('does not generate an empty string default for non-character columns', () => {
+    const sql = buildCreateTablePreviewSql({
+      tableName: 'invalid_default',
+      dbType: 'mysql',
+      columns: [baseColumn({
+        _key: 'count',
+        name: 'count',
+        type: 'int',
+        nullable: 'NO',
+        default: '',
+        hasDefault: true,
+      })],
+    });
+
+    expect(sql).not.toContain('DEFAULT');
+  });
+
+  it('detects changes between no default and an explicit empty string default', () => {
+    const original = baseColumn({
+      _key: 'status',
+      name: 'status',
+      type: 'varchar(16)',
+      default: undefined,
+      hasDefault: false,
+    });
+    const changed = baseColumn({
+      ...original,
+      default: '',
+      hasDefault: true,
+    });
+
+    const sql = buildAlterTablePreviewSql(buildInput({
+      dbType: 'mysql',
+      originalColumns: [original],
+      columns: [changed],
+    }));
+
+    expect(sql).toContain("MODIFY COLUMN `status` varchar(16) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''");
+  });
+
+  it('generates MySQL character options only for character columns', () => {
+    const createSql = buildCreateTablePreviewSql({
+      tableName: 'column_options',
+      dbType: 'mysql',
+      columns: [
+        baseColumn({
+          _key: 'name',
+          name: 'name',
+          type: 'varchar(64)',
+          charset: 'utf8mb4',
+          collation: 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
+        }),
+        baseColumn({
+          _key: 'count',
+          name: 'count',
+          type: 'int',
+          charset: 'utf8mb4',
+          collation: 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
+        }),
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(createSql).toContain('`name` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci');
+    expect(createSql).not.toContain('`count` int CHARACTER SET');
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    {
+      label: 'charset',
+      change: { charset: 'utf8' },
+      expected: 'CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci',
+    },
+    {
+      label: 'collation',
+      change: { collation: 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci' },
+      expected: 'CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
+    },
+  ])('detects a MySQL $label change without extending mysql-family dialects', ({ change, expected }) => {
+    const original = baseColumn({
+      _key: 'name',
+      name: 'name',
+      type: 'varchar(64)',
+      charset: 'utf8mb4',
+      collation: 'utf8mb4_general_ci',
+    });
+    const changed = baseColumn({ ...original, ...change });
+
+    const mysqlSql = buildAlterTablePreviewSql(buildInput({
+      dbType: 'mysql',
+      originalColumns: [original],
+      columns: [changed],
+    }));
+    const mariadbSql = buildAlterTablePreviewSql(buildInput({
+      dbType: 'mariadb',
+      originalColumns: [original],
+      columns: [changed],
+    }));
+
+    expect(mysqlSql).toContain(`MODIFY COLUMN \`name\` varchar(64) ${expected}`);
+    expect(mariadbSql).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('filters MySQL DEFAULT_GENERATED metadata while preserving valid extras', () => {
+    const sql = buildCreateTablePreviewSql({
+      tableName: 'generated_defaults',
+      dbType: 'mysql',
+      columns: [baseColumn({
+        _key: 'updated_at',
+        name: 'updated_at',
+        type: 'timestamp',
+        default: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP',
+        hasDefault: true,
+        extra: 'DEFAULT_GENERATED on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP',
+      })],
+    });
+
+    expect(sql).toContain('DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP');
+    expect(sql).not.toContain('DEFAULT_GENERATED');
+  });
+
   it('builds kingbase alter preview without mysql-only syntax', () => {
     const sql = buildAlterTablePreviewSql(buildInput({
       dbType: 'kingbase',
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.ts b/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.ts
index 1e906bb8..71d249a4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/tableDesignerSchemaSql.ts
@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ export interface EditableColumnSnapshot {
   type: string;
   nullable: string;
   default?: string | null;
+  hasDefault?: boolean;
   extra?: string;
   comment?: string;
   key?: string;
+  charset?: string;
+  collation?: string;
   isAutoIncrement?: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -117,13 +120,30 @@ const quoteIdentifierPath = (path: string, dbType: string): string => quoteSqlId
 
 const normalizeDefaultText = (value: unknown): string => String(value ?? '').trim();
 
-const isKnownDefaultExpression = (trimmed: string): boolean => {
+const hasDefaultValue = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot): boolean => (
+  typeof column.hasDefault === 'boolean'
+    ? column.hasDefault
+    : column.default !== undefined && column.default !== null && normalizeDefaultText(column.default).length > 0
+);
+
+const defaultDefinitionChanged = (curr: EditableColumnSnapshot, orig: EditableColumnSnapshot): boolean => (
+  hasDefaultValue(curr) !== hasDefaultValue(orig) ||
+  (hasDefaultValue(curr) && normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) !== normalizeDefaultText(orig.default))
+);
+
+const isMySqlCharacterColumnType = (columnType: string): boolean => (
+  /^(?:char|varchar|tinytext|text|mediumtext|longtext|enum|set|nchar|nvarchar)\b/i.test(String(columnType || '').trim())
+);
+
+const isKnownDefaultExpression = (trimmed: string, dbType: string): boolean => {
   if (!trimmed) return false;
   if (/^N?'.*'$/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
+  if (dbType === 'mysql' && /^(?:b'[01]+'|0b[01]+|x'[0-9a-f]+'|0x[0-9a-f]+)$/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
   if (/^-?\d+(\.\d+)?$/.test(trimmed)) return true;
   if (/^(true|false|null)$/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
-  if (/^(current_timestamp|current_date|current_time|localtimestamp|sysdate|systimestamp)$/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
+  if (/^(current_timestamp|current_date|current_time|localtimestamp|sysdate|systimestamp)(?:\s*\(\s*\d+\s*\))?$/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
   if (/^(now|uuid|newid|sysdatetime)\s*\(\s*\)$/i.test(trimmed)) return true;
+  if (dbType === 'mysql' && /^\([\s\S]+\)$/.test(trimmed)) return true;
   if (/^nextval\s*\(/i.test(trimmed) || /::/.test(trimmed)) return true;
   return false;
 };
@@ -131,10 +151,10 @@ const isKnownDefaultExpression = (trimmed: string): boolean => {
 const formatDefaultExpression = (value: unknown, dbType: string): string => {
   const trimmed = normalizeDefaultText(value);
   if (!trimmed) return '';
-  if (isKnownDefaultExpression(trimmed)) {
+  if (isKnownDefaultExpression(trimmed, dbType)) {
     if (/^(true|false|null)$/i.test(trimmed)) return trimmed.toUpperCase();
-    if (/^(current_timestamp|current_date|current_time|localtimestamp|sysdate|systimestamp)$/i.test(trimmed)) {
-      return trimmed.toUpperCase();
+    if (/^(current_timestamp|current_date|current_time|localtimestamp|sysdate|systimestamp)(?:\s*\(\s*\d+\s*\))?$/i.test(trimmed)) {
+      return trimmed.toUpperCase().replace(/\s+/g, '');
     }
     return trimmed;
   }
@@ -142,40 +162,61 @@ const formatDefaultExpression = (value: unknown, dbType: string): string => {
   return `${prefix}'${escapeSqlString(trimmed)}'`;
 };
 
-const buildDefaultSql = (value: unknown, dbType: string): string => {
-  const defaultValue = normalizeDefaultText(value);
-  if (!defaultValue) return '';
+const formatEnabledDefaultExpression = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot, dbType: string): string => {
+  const defaultValue = normalizeDefaultText(column.default);
+  return defaultValue ? formatDefaultExpression(defaultValue, dbType) : "''";
+};
+
+const buildDefaultSql = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot, dbType: string): string => {
+  if (!hasDefaultValue(column)) return '';
+  const defaultValue = normalizeDefaultText(column.default);
+  if (!defaultValue) {
+    return dbType !== 'mysql' || isMySqlCharacterColumnType(column.type) ? "DEFAULT ''" : '';
+  }
   return `DEFAULT ${formatDefaultExpression(defaultValue, dbType)}`;
 };
 
-const definitionChanged = (curr: EditableColumnSnapshot, orig: EditableColumnSnapshot): boolean => (
+const definitionChanged = (
+  curr: EditableColumnSnapshot,
+  orig: EditableColumnSnapshot,
+  includeCharacterOptions = false,
+): boolean => (
   curr.type !== orig.type ||
   curr.nullable !== orig.nullable ||
-  normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) !== normalizeDefaultText(orig.default) ||
+  defaultDefinitionChanged(curr, orig) ||
   (curr.comment || '') !== (orig.comment || '') ||
+  (includeCharacterOptions && (curr.charset || '') !== (orig.charset || '')) ||
+  (includeCharacterOptions && (curr.collation || '') !== (orig.collation || '')) ||
   Boolean(curr.isAutoIncrement) !== Boolean(orig.isAutoIncrement)
 );
 
 const physicalDefinitionChanged = (curr: EditableColumnSnapshot, orig: EditableColumnSnapshot): boolean => (
   curr.type !== orig.type ||
   curr.nullable !== orig.nullable ||
-  normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) !== normalizeDefaultText(orig.default) ||
+  defaultDefinitionChanged(curr, orig) ||
   Boolean(curr.isAutoIncrement) !== Boolean(orig.isAutoIncrement)
 );
 
 const buildMySqlColumnDefinition = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot, dbType: string): string => {
-  let extra = String(column.extra || '').trim();
+  let extra = String(column.extra || '').replace(/\bDEFAULT_GENERATED\b/gi, '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
   if (column.isAutoIncrement) {
     if (!extra.toLowerCase().includes('auto_increment')) {
       extra = `${extra} AUTO_INCREMENT`.trim();
     }
   } else {
-    extra = extra.replace(/auto_increment/gi, '').trim();
+    extra = extra.replace(/auto_increment/gi, '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
   }
-  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column.default, dbType);
+  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column, dbType);
+  const characterOptionsSql = dbType === 'mysql' && isMySqlCharacterColumnType(column.type)
+    ? [
+        column.charset ? `CHARACTER SET ${column.charset}` : '',
+        column.collation ? `COLLATE ${column.collation}` : '',
+      ].filter(Boolean).join(' ')
+    : '';
   return [
     quoteIdentifierPart(column.name, dbType),
     String(column.type || '').trim(),
+    characterOptionsSql,
     column.nullable === 'NO' ? 'NOT NULL' : 'NULL',
     defaultSql,
     extra,
@@ -196,7 +237,7 @@ const DORIS_AGG_TYPES = new Set([
 ]);
 
 const buildDorisColumnDefinition = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot, dbType: string): string => {
-  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column.default, dbType);
+  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column, dbType);
   const autoIncrementSql = column.isAutoIncrement ? 'AUTO_INCREMENT' : '';
   const keyText = String(column.key || '').trim().toUpperCase();
   const extraText = String(column.extra || '').trim().toUpperCase();
@@ -215,7 +256,7 @@ const buildDorisColumnDefinition = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot, dbType: stri
 };
 
 const buildStarRocksColumnDefinition = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot): string => {
-  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column.default, 'starrocks');
+  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column, 'starrocks');
   const extraText = String(column.extra || '').trim().toUpperCase();
   const aggregateSql = DORIS_AGG_TYPES.has(extraText) ? extraText : '';
   return [
@@ -241,7 +282,7 @@ const buildStandardColumnDefinition = (
       parts.push('GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY');
     }
   }
-  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column.default, dbType);
+  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column, dbType);
   if (defaultSql) parts.push(defaultSql);
   if (column.nullable === 'NO') {
     parts.push('NOT NULL');
@@ -253,7 +294,7 @@ const buildStandardColumnDefinition = (
 
 const buildPgLikeColumnDefinition = (column: EditableColumnSnapshot, dbType: string): string => {
   const parts = [quoteIdentifierPart(column.name, dbType), String(column.type || '').trim()];
-  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column.default, dbType);
+  const defaultSql = buildDefaultSql(column, dbType);
   if (defaultSql) parts.push(defaultSql);
   if (column.nullable === 'NO') parts.push('NOT NULL');
   return parts.join(' ').trim();
@@ -307,7 +348,7 @@ const buildMySqlAlterPreviewSql = (input: BuildAlterTablePreviewInput, dbType: s
       return;
     }
 
-    if (definitionChanged(curr, orig)) {
+    if (definitionChanged(curr, orig, dbType === 'mysql')) {
       alters.push(`MODIFY COLUMN ${colDef} ${positionSql}`.trim());
     }
   });
@@ -397,11 +438,11 @@ const buildPgLikeAlterPreviewSql = (input: BuildAlterTablePreviewInput, dbType:
       statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} TYPE ${curr.type};`);
     }
 
-    const currDefault = normalizeDefaultText(curr.default);
-    const origDefault = normalizeDefaultText(orig.default);
-    if (currDefault !== origDefault) {
-      if (currDefault) {
-        statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} SET DEFAULT ${formatDefaultExpression(currDefault, dbType)};`);
+    const currHasDefault = hasDefaultValue(curr);
+    const origHasDefault = hasDefaultValue(orig);
+    if (currHasDefault !== origHasDefault || (currHasDefault && normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) !== normalizeDefaultText(orig.default))) {
+      if (currHasDefault) {
+        statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} SET DEFAULT ${formatEnabledDefaultExpression(curr, dbType)};`);
       } else {
         statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} DROP DEFAULT;`);
       }
@@ -518,15 +559,15 @@ const buildSqlServerAlterPreviewSql = (input: BuildAlterTablePreviewInput): stri
     }
 
     if (curr.type !== orig.type || curr.nullable !== orig.nullable || Boolean(curr.isAutoIncrement) !== Boolean(orig.isAutoIncrement)) {
-      statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${buildStandardColumnDefinition({ ...curr, name: currentName, default: '' }, dbType, { includeNull: true, includeIdentity: false })};`);
+      statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${buildStandardColumnDefinition({ ...curr, name: currentName, default: undefined, hasDefault: false }, dbType, { includeNull: true, includeIdentity: false })};`);
     }
 
-    const currDefault = normalizeDefaultText(curr.default);
-    const origDefault = normalizeDefaultText(orig.default);
-    if (currDefault !== origDefault) {
+    const currHasDefault = hasDefaultValue(curr);
+    const origHasDefault = hasDefaultValue(orig);
+    if (currHasDefault !== origHasDefault || (currHasDefault && normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) !== normalizeDefaultText(orig.default))) {
       statements.push(buildSqlServerDefaultDropBatch(input.tableName, currentName));
-      if (currDefault) {
-        statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nADD DEFAULT ${formatDefaultExpression(currDefault, dbType)} FOR ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)};`);
+      if (currHasDefault) {
+        statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nADD DEFAULT ${formatEnabledDefaultExpression(curr, dbType)} FOR ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)};`);
       }
     }
 
@@ -612,11 +653,11 @@ const buildDuckDbAlterPreviewSql = (input: BuildAlterTablePreviewInput): string
     if (curr.type !== orig.type) {
       statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} SET DATA TYPE ${curr.type};`);
     }
-    const currDefault = normalizeDefaultText(curr.default);
-    const origDefault = normalizeDefaultText(orig.default);
-    if (currDefault !== origDefault) {
-      if (currDefault) {
-        statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} SET DEFAULT ${formatDefaultExpression(currDefault, dbType)};`);
+    const currHasDefault = hasDefaultValue(curr);
+    const origHasDefault = hasDefaultValue(orig);
+    if (currHasDefault !== origHasDefault || (currHasDefault && normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) !== normalizeDefaultText(orig.default))) {
+      if (currHasDefault) {
+        statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} SET DEFAULT ${formatEnabledDefaultExpression(curr, dbType)};`);
       } else {
         statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nALTER COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(currentName, dbType)} DROP DEFAULT;`);
       }
@@ -663,7 +704,7 @@ const buildLimitedBacktickAlterPreviewSql = (input: BuildAlterTablePreviewInput,
     const orig = input.originalColumns.find((col) => col._key === curr._key);
     if (!orig) {
       statements.push(`ALTER TABLE ${tableRef}\nADD COLUMN ${quoteIdentifierPart(curr.name, dbType)} ${curr.type};`);
-      if (curr.nullable === 'NO' || normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) || String(curr.comment || '').trim()) {
+      if (curr.nullable === 'NO' || hasDefaultValue(curr) || String(curr.comment || '').trim()) {
         statements.push(translateSchemaSqlComment(input.translate, 'table_designer.schema_sql.limited_column_hint', {
           dialect: label,
         }));
@@ -681,7 +722,7 @@ const buildLimitedBacktickAlterPreviewSql = (input: BuildAlterTablePreviewInput,
     }
     if (
       curr.nullable !== orig.nullable ||
-      normalizeDefaultText(curr.default) !== normalizeDefaultText(orig.default) ||
+      defaultDefinitionChanged(curr, orig) ||
       (curr.comment || '') !== (orig.comment || '') ||
       Boolean(curr.isAutoIncrement) !== Boolean(orig.isAutoIncrement)
     ) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/types.ts b/frontend/src/types.ts
index 218b28a4..58c96eed 100644
--- a/frontend/src/types.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types.ts
@@ -393,8 +393,11 @@ export interface ColumnDefinition {
   nullable: string;
   key: string;
   default?: string;
+  hasDefault?: boolean;
   extra: string;
   comment: string;
+  charset?: string;
+  collation?: string;
 }
 
 export interface IndexDefinition {
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.test.ts b/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.test.ts
index 43fea31a..744b0a4c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.test.ts
@@ -75,6 +75,57 @@ describe('columnDefinition metadata normalization', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('preserves an explicitly enabled empty string default', () => {
+    expect(normalizeColumnDefinition({
+      Name: 'status',
+      Type: 'varchar(32)',
+      Default: '',
+      HasDefault: true,
+    })).toMatchObject({
+      default: '',
+      hasDefault: true,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('respects an explicitly disabled default', () => {
+    expect(normalizeColumnDefinition({
+      name: 'status',
+      type: 'varchar(32)',
+      default: 'active',
+      hasDefault: false,
+    })).toMatchObject({
+      default: undefined,
+      hasDefault: false,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to legacy non-empty defaults when hasDefault is absent', () => {
+    expect(normalizeColumnDefinition({ name: 'status', type: 'varchar(32)', default: 'active' })).toMatchObject({
+      default: 'active',
+      hasDefault: true,
+    });
+    expect(normalizeColumnDefinition({ name: 'status', type: 'varchar(32)', default: '' })).toMatchObject({
+      default: undefined,
+      hasDefault: false,
+    });
+    expect(normalizeColumnDefinition({ name: 'status', type: 'varchar(32)', default: null })).toMatchObject({
+      default: undefined,
+      hasDefault: false,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('normalizes charset and collation metadata aliases', () => {
+    expect(normalizeColumnDefinition({
+      COLUMN_NAME: 'status',
+      DATA_TYPE: 'varchar',
+      CHARACTER_SET_NAME: 'utf8mb4',
+      COLLATION_NAME: 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
+    })).toMatchObject({
+      charset: 'utf8mb4',
+      collation: 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
+    });
+  });
+
   it('maps boolean primary and unique metadata aliases to GoNavi keys', () => {
     expect(getColumnDefinitionKey({ column_name: 'id', isPrimary: true })).toBe('PRI');
     expect(getColumnDefinitionKey({ column_name: 'id', primary_key: 't' })).toBe('PRI');
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.ts b/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.ts
index 8b813b4c..878f9ca1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/columnDefinition.ts
@@ -162,10 +162,23 @@ export const getColumnDefinitionDefault = (column: unknown): string => (
 );
 
 export const hasColumnDefinitionDefault = (column: unknown): boolean => {
+  const explicit = readProperty(column, ['hasDefault', 'HasDefault', 'HAS_DEFAULT', 'has_default']);
+  if (explicit !== undefined && explicit !== null) {
+    return readBooleanProperty(column, ['hasDefault', 'HasDefault', 'HAS_DEFAULT', 'has_default']);
+  }
+
   const raw = readProperty(column, ['default', 'Default', 'COLUMN_DEFAULT', 'column_default', 'DATA_DEFAULT', 'data_default']);
-  return raw !== undefined && raw !== null;
+  return raw !== undefined && raw !== null && String(raw).length > 0;
 };
 
+export const getColumnDefinitionCharset = (column: unknown): string => (
+  readStringProperty(column, ['charset', 'Charset', 'CHARACTER_SET_NAME', 'character_set_name'])
+);
+
+export const getColumnDefinitionCollation = (column: unknown): string => (
+  readStringProperty(column, ['collation', 'Collation', 'COLLATION_NAME', 'collation_name'])
+);
+
 export const getColumnDefinitionComment = (column: unknown): string => (
   readStringProperty(column, ['comment', 'Comment', 'COMMENTS', 'comments', 'COLUMN_COMMENT', 'column_comment'])
 );
@@ -180,8 +193,11 @@ export const normalizeColumnDefinition = (column: unknown): ColumnDefinition =>
     nullable: getColumnDefinitionNullable(column),
     key: getColumnDefinitionKey(column),
     default: hasDefault ? getColumnDefinitionDefault(column) : undefined,
+    hasDefault,
     extra: getColumnDefinitionExtra(column),
     comment: getColumnDefinitionComment(column),
+    charset: getColumnDefinitionCharset(column) || undefined,
+    collation: getColumnDefinitionCollation(column) || undefined,
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.test.ts b/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.test.ts
index f26e9fcd..a99902b1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.test.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,44 @@ describe('tableOverviewFilter', () => {
     ]);
   });
 
+  it('sorts table names in natural numeric order', () => {
+    const indexed = buildTableOverviewSearchIndex([
+      { name: 'table_11', comment: '', rows: 0, dataSize: 0, indexSize: 0 },
+      { name: 'table_2', comment: '', rows: 0, dataSize: 0, indexSize: 0 },
+      { name: 'table_10', comment: '', rows: 0, dataSize: 0, indexSize: 0 },
+      { name: 'table_1', comment: '', rows: 0, dataSize: 0, indexSize: 0 },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(filterAndSortTableOverviewRows(indexed, '', 'name', 'asc').map((item) => item.name)).toEqual([
+      'table_1',
+      'table_2',
+      'table_10',
+      'table_11',
+    ]);
+    expect(filterAndSortTableOverviewRows(indexed, '', 'name', 'desc').map((item) => item.name)).toEqual([
+      'table_11',
+      'table_10',
+      'table_2',
+      'table_1',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('uses natural table name order when other sort values match', () => {
+    const indexed = buildTableOverviewSearchIndex([
+      { name: 'table_10', comment: 'same', rows: 1, dataSize: 0, indexSize: 0 },
+      { name: 'table_2', comment: 'same', rows: 1, dataSize: 0, indexSize: 0 },
+    ]);
+
+    expect(filterAndSortTableOverviewRows(indexed, '', 'rows', 'desc').map((item) => item.name)).toEqual([
+      'table_2',
+      'table_10',
+    ]);
+    expect(filterAndSortTableOverviewRows(indexed, '', 'comment', 'desc').map((item) => item.name)).toEqual([
+      'table_2',
+      'table_10',
+    ]);
+  });
+
   it('sorts compact table numeric columns while keeping unknown values last', () => {
     const indexed = buildTableOverviewSearchIndex([
       { name: 'unknown', comment: '', rows: -1, dataSize: -1, indexSize: -1 },
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.ts b/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.ts
index 8bc96864..23d38ad7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/tableOverviewFilter.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ export interface TableOverviewSearchIndexItem<T extends TableOverviewFilterRow>
   sortName: string;
 }
 
+const compareTableNames = (left: string, right: string): number =>
+  left.localeCompare(right, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' });
+
 export const buildTableOverviewSearchIndex = <T extends TableOverviewFilterRow>(
   rows: T[],
 ): TableOverviewSearchIndexItem<T>[] => rows.map((row) => ({
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ export const filterAndSortTableOverviewRows = <T extends TableOverviewFilterRow>
 
   matched.sort((a, b) => {
     if (sortField === 'name') {
-      const cmp = a.sortName.localeCompare(b.sortName);
+      const cmp = compareTableNames(a.sortName, b.sortName);
       return sortOrder === 'asc' ? cmp : -cmp;
     }
 
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ export const filterAndSortTableOverviewRows = <T extends TableOverviewFilterRow>
       if (!leftUnknown && left !== right) {
         return sortOrder === 'asc' ? left - right : right - left;
       }
-      return a.sortName.localeCompare(b.sortName);
+      return compareTableNames(a.sortName, b.sortName);
     }
 
     const left = String(a.row[sortField] || '').trim();
@@ -70,11 +73,11 @@ export const filterAndSortTableOverviewRows = <T extends TableOverviewFilterRow>
     if (!left || !right) {
       if (!left && right) return 1;
       if (left && !right) return -1;
-      return a.sortName.localeCompare(b.sortName);
+      return compareTableNames(a.sortName, b.sortName);
     }
     const cmp = left.localeCompare(right, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' });
     if (cmp !== 0) return sortOrder === 'asc' ? cmp : -cmp;
-    return a.sortName.localeCompare(b.sortName);
+    return compareTableNames(a.sortName, b.sortName);
   });
 
   return matched.map((item) => item.row);
diff --git a/internal/connection/types.go b/internal/connection/types.go
index 42014dd3..fb602fc6 100644
--- a/internal/connection/types.go
+++ b/internal/connection/types.go
@@ -197,13 +197,16 @@ type DatabaseObject struct {
 
 // ColumnDefinition 描述表的一个列定义。
 type ColumnDefinition struct {
-	Name     string  `json:"name"`
-	Type     string  `json:"type"`
-	Nullable string  `json:"nullable"` // YES/NO
-	Key      string  `json:"key"`      // PRI, UNI, MUL
-	Default  *string `json:"default"`
-	Extra    string  `json:"extra"` // auto_increment
-	Comment  string  `json:"comment"`
+	Name       string  `json:"name"`
+	Type       string  `json:"type"`
+	Nullable   string  `json:"nullable"` // YES/NO
+	Key        string  `json:"key"`      // PRI, UNI, MUL
+	Default    *string `json:"default"`
+	HasDefault bool    `json:"hasDefault,omitempty"`
+	Extra      string  `json:"extra"` // auto_increment
+	Comment    string  `json:"comment"`
+	Charset    string  `json:"charset,omitempty"`
+	Collation  string  `json:"collation,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // IndexDefinition 描述表的一个索引定义。
diff --git a/internal/db/mysql_impl.go b/internal/db/mysql_impl.go
index db8d0373..a9b6fea5 100644
--- a/internal/db/mysql_impl.go
+++ b/internal/db/mysql_impl.go
@@ -1089,29 +1089,40 @@ func (m *MySQLDB) GetCreateStatement(dbName, tableName string) (string, error) {
 	return "", localizedDatabaseRuntimeError("db.backend.error.create_table_statement_not_found", nil)
 }
 
+func buildMySQLColumnDefinition(row map[string]interface{}) connection.ColumnDefinition {
+	col := connection.ColumnDefinition{
+		Name:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Field"]),
+		Type:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Type"]),
+		Nullable: fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Null"]),
+		Key:      fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Key"]),
+		Extra:    fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Extra"]),
+		Comment:  fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Comment"]),
+	}
+
+	if row["Default"] != nil {
+		defaultValue := fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Default"])
+		col.Default = &defaultValue
+		col.HasDefault = true
+	}
+	if row["Collation"] != nil {
+		col.Collation = fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Collation"])
+		if separator := strings.IndexByte(col.Collation, '_'); separator > 0 {
+			col.Charset = col.Collation[:separator]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return col
+}
+
 func (m *MySQLDB) GetColumns(dbName, tableName string) ([]connection.ColumnDefinition, error) {
 	data, _, err := m.Query(buildMySQLShowFullColumnsQuery(dbName, tableName))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var columns []connection.ColumnDefinition
+	columns := make([]connection.ColumnDefinition, 0, len(data))
 	for _, row := range data {
-		col := connection.ColumnDefinition{
-			Name:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Field"]),
-			Type:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Type"]),
-			Nullable: fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Null"]),
-			Key:      fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Key"]),
-			Extra:    fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Extra"]),
-			Comment:  fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Comment"]),
-		}
-
-		if row["Default"] != nil {
-			d := fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["Default"])
-			col.Default = &d
-		}
-
-		columns = append(columns, col)
+		columns = append(columns, buildMySQLColumnDefinition(row))
 	}
 	return columns, nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/db/mysql_metadata_test.go b/internal/db/mysql_metadata_test.go
index 70fd6bc6..ddd3a25f 100644
--- a/internal/db/mysql_metadata_test.go
+++ b/internal/db/mysql_metadata_test.go
@@ -144,6 +144,68 @@ func TestCollectMySQLDatabaseNames_FallsBackToInformationSchemaSchemata(t *testi
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBuildMySQLColumnDefinitionPreservesDefaultAndCollation(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		row            map[string]interface{}
+		wantDefault    *string
+		wantHasDefault bool
+		wantCharset    string
+		wantCollation  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty string default",
+			row: map[string]interface{}{
+				"Field": "nickname", "Type": "varchar(64)", "Null": "YES", "Key": "",
+				"Default": "", "Extra": "", "Comment": "", "Collation": "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
+			},
+			wantDefault:    stringPointer(""),
+			wantHasDefault: true,
+			wantCharset:    "utf8mb4",
+			wantCollation:  "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ordinary default",
+			row: map[string]interface{}{
+				"Field": "status", "Type": "varchar(16)", "Null": "NO", "Key": "",
+				"Default": "active", "Extra": "", "Comment": "", "Collation": "utf8_general_ci",
+			},
+			wantDefault:    stringPointer("active"),
+			wantHasDefault: true,
+			wantCharset:    "utf8",
+			wantCollation:  "utf8_general_ci",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no default or collation",
+			row: map[string]interface{}{
+				"Field": "id", "Type": "bigint", "Null": "NO", "Key": "PRI",
+				"Default": nil, "Extra": "auto_increment", "Comment": "", "Collation": nil,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := buildMySQLColumnDefinition(tt.row)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got.Default, tt.wantDefault) {
+				t.Fatalf("default got=%v want=%v", got.Default, tt.wantDefault)
+			}
+			if got.HasDefault != tt.wantHasDefault {
+				t.Fatalf("hasDefault got=%v want=%v", got.HasDefault, tt.wantHasDefault)
+			}
+			if got.Charset != tt.wantCharset || got.Collation != tt.wantCollation {
+				t.Fatalf("charset/collation got=%q/%q want=%q/%q", got.Charset, got.Collation, tt.wantCharset, tt.wantCollation)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func stringPointer(value string) *string {
+	return &value
+}
+
 func TestBuildMySQLShowCreateTableQueryNormalizesQuotedIdentifiers(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
diff --git a/shared/i18n/de-DE.json b/shared/i18n/de-DE.json
index 1dcd0d24..0af0442f 100644
--- a/shared/i18n/de-DE.json
+++ b/shared/i18n/de-DE.json
@@ -8026,8 +8026,11 @@
   "table_designer.action.view_statement": "Anweisung anzeigen",
   "table_designer.column.actions": "Aktionen",
   "table_designer.column.auto_increment": "Auto-Inkrement",
+  "table_designer.column.charset": "Zeichensatz",
+  "table_designer.column.collation": "Sortierung",
   "table_designer.column.comment": "Kommentar",
   "table_designer.column.default": "Standardwert",
+  "table_designer.column.enable_default": "Standardwert festlegen",
   "table_designer.column.name": "Name",
   "table_designer.column.not_null": "NOT NULL",
   "table_designer.column.primary_key": "Primärschlüssel",
@@ -8115,6 +8118,8 @@
   "table_designer.message.trigger_updated": "Trigger aktualisiert",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title": "Spaltenkommentar",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title_named": "Spaltenkommentar - {{name}}",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title": "Spaltenoptionen",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named": "Spaltenoptionen - {{name}}",
   "table_designer.modal.confirm_sql_title": "SQL-Änderungen bestätigen",
   "table_designer.modal.copy_columns_title": "Ausgewählte Spalten in neue Tabelle kopieren",
   "table_designer.modal.delete_foreign_key_content": "Fremdschlüssel-Constraint \"{{name}}\" löschen?",
@@ -8145,6 +8150,7 @@
   "table_designer.option.default": "Standard",
   "table_designer.option.recommended_suffix": "(Empfohlen)",
   "table_designer.placeholder.column_comment": "Spaltenkommentar eingeben",
+  "table_designer.placeholder.column_default": "Standardwert oder Ausdruck eingeben",
   "table_designer.placeholder.foreign_key_name": "Name des Fremdschlüssel-Constraints, z. B. fk_order_user",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_columns": "Indexspalten auswählen; die Auswahlreihenfolge wird verwendet",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_name": "Indexname, z. B. idx_user_name",
@@ -8211,6 +8217,7 @@
   "table_designer.title.default_database": "Standarddatenbank",
   "table_designer.title.schema_designer": "Schema-Designer",
   "table_designer.title.untitled_table": "Unbenannte Tabelle",
+  "table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options": "Spaltenoptionen bearbeiten",
   "table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup": "Kommentar im Dialog bearbeiten",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.event": "Ereignis",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.name": "Name",
diff --git a/shared/i18n/en-US.json b/shared/i18n/en-US.json
index 0ac9e102..c3621138 100644
--- a/shared/i18n/en-US.json
+++ b/shared/i18n/en-US.json
@@ -8026,8 +8026,11 @@
   "table_designer.action.view_statement": "View statement",
   "table_designer.column.actions": "Actions",
   "table_designer.column.auto_increment": "Auto increment",
+  "table_designer.column.charset": "Character set",
+  "table_designer.column.collation": "Collation",
   "table_designer.column.comment": "Comment",
   "table_designer.column.default": "Default",
+  "table_designer.column.enable_default": "Set default value",
   "table_designer.column.name": "Name",
   "table_designer.column.not_null": "Not NULL",
   "table_designer.column.primary_key": "Primary key",
@@ -8115,6 +8118,8 @@
   "table_designer.message.trigger_updated": "Trigger updated",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title": "Column comment",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title_named": "Column comment - {{name}}",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title": "Column options",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named": "Column options - {{name}}",
   "table_designer.modal.confirm_sql_title": "Confirm SQL changes",
   "table_designer.modal.copy_columns_title": "Copy selected columns to new table",
   "table_designer.modal.delete_foreign_key_content": "Delete foreign key constraint \"{{name}}\"?",
@@ -8145,6 +8150,7 @@
   "table_designer.option.default": "Default",
   "table_designer.option.recommended_suffix": "(Recommended)",
   "table_designer.placeholder.column_comment": "Enter a column comment",
+  "table_designer.placeholder.column_default": "Enter a default value or expression",
   "table_designer.placeholder.foreign_key_name": "Foreign key constraint name, for example fk_order_user",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_columns": "Select index columns; selection order is used",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_name": "Index name, for example idx_user_name",
@@ -8211,6 +8217,7 @@
   "table_designer.title.default_database": "Default database",
   "table_designer.title.schema_designer": "Schema designer",
   "table_designer.title.untitled_table": "Untitled table",
+  "table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options": "Edit column options",
   "table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup": "Edit comment in popup",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.event": "Event",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.name": "Name",
diff --git a/shared/i18n/ja-JP.json b/shared/i18n/ja-JP.json
index 799c769b..8ebe500a 100644
--- a/shared/i18n/ja-JP.json
+++ b/shared/i18n/ja-JP.json
@@ -8026,8 +8026,11 @@
   "table_designer.action.view_statement": "文を表示",
   "table_designer.column.actions": "操作",
   "table_designer.column.auto_increment": "自動採番",
+  "table_designer.column.charset": "文字セット",
+  "table_designer.column.collation": "照合順序",
   "table_designer.column.comment": "コメント",
   "table_designer.column.default": "デフォルト",
+  "table_designer.column.enable_default": "デフォルト値を設定",
   "table_designer.column.name": "名前",
   "table_designer.column.not_null": "NOT NULL",
   "table_designer.column.primary_key": "主キー",
@@ -8115,6 +8118,8 @@
   "table_designer.message.trigger_updated": "トリガーを更新しました",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title": "列コメント",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title_named": "列コメント - {{name}}",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title": "列オプション",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named": "列オプション - {{name}}",
   "table_designer.modal.confirm_sql_title": "SQL 変更の確認",
   "table_designer.modal.copy_columns_title": "選択列を新しいテーブルへコピー",
   "table_designer.modal.delete_foreign_key_content": "外部キー制約 \"{{name}}\" を削除しますか？",
@@ -8145,6 +8150,7 @@
   "table_designer.option.default": "デフォルト",
   "table_designer.option.recommended_suffix": "（推奨）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.column_comment": "列コメントを入力してください",
+  "table_designer.placeholder.column_default": "デフォルト値または式を入力してください",
   "table_designer.placeholder.foreign_key_name": "外部キー制約名（例: fk_order_user）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_columns": "インデックス列を選択してください。選択順が使われます",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_name": "インデックス名（例: idx_user_name）",
@@ -8211,6 +8217,7 @@
   "table_designer.title.default_database": "既定データベース",
   "table_designer.title.schema_designer": "スキーマデザイナー",
   "table_designer.title.untitled_table": "未命名テーブル",
+  "table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options": "列オプションを編集",
   "table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup": "ポップアップでコメントを編集",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.event": "イベント",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.name": "名前",
diff --git a/shared/i18n/ru-RU.json b/shared/i18n/ru-RU.json
index ce9cdf9d..5799e012 100644
--- a/shared/i18n/ru-RU.json
+++ b/shared/i18n/ru-RU.json
@@ -8026,8 +8026,11 @@
   "table_designer.action.view_statement": "Показать оператор",
   "table_designer.column.actions": "Действия",
   "table_designer.column.auto_increment": "Автоинкремент",
+  "table_designer.column.charset": "Кодировка",
+  "table_designer.column.collation": "Правило сортировки",
   "table_designer.column.comment": "Комментарий",
   "table_designer.column.default": "По умолчанию",
+  "table_designer.column.enable_default": "Задать значение по умолчанию",
   "table_designer.column.name": "Имя",
   "table_designer.column.not_null": "NOT NULL",
   "table_designer.column.primary_key": "Первичный ключ",
@@ -8115,6 +8118,8 @@
   "table_designer.message.trigger_updated": "Триггер обновлен",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title": "Комментарий столбца",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title_named": "Комментарий столбца - {{name}}",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title": "Параметры столбца",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named": "Параметры столбца - {{name}}",
   "table_designer.modal.confirm_sql_title": "Подтверждение изменений SQL",
   "table_designer.modal.copy_columns_title": "Скопировать выбранные столбцы в новую таблицу",
   "table_designer.modal.delete_foreign_key_content": "Удалить ограничение внешнего ключа \"{{name}}\"?",
@@ -8145,6 +8150,7 @@
   "table_designer.option.default": "По умолчанию",
   "table_designer.option.recommended_suffix": "(рекомендуется)",
   "table_designer.placeholder.column_comment": "Введите комментарий столбца",
+  "table_designer.placeholder.column_default": "Введите значение или выражение по умолчанию",
   "table_designer.placeholder.foreign_key_name": "Имя ограничения внешнего ключа, например fk_order_user",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_columns": "Выберите столбцы индекса; используется порядок выбора",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_name": "Имя индекса, например idx_user_name",
@@ -8211,6 +8217,7 @@
   "table_designer.title.default_database": "База данных по умолчанию",
   "table_designer.title.schema_designer": "Конструктор схемы",
   "table_designer.title.untitled_table": "Таблица без имени",
+  "table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options": "Изменить параметры столбца",
   "table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup": "Редактировать комментарий во всплывающем окне",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.event": "Событие",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.name": "Имя",
diff --git a/shared/i18n/zh-CN.json b/shared/i18n/zh-CN.json
index 31225249..07f75add 100644
--- a/shared/i18n/zh-CN.json
+++ b/shared/i18n/zh-CN.json
@@ -8026,8 +8026,11 @@
   "table_designer.action.view_statement": "查看语句",
   "table_designer.column.actions": "操作",
   "table_designer.column.auto_increment": "自增",
+  "table_designer.column.charset": "字符集",
+  "table_designer.column.collation": "排序规则",
   "table_designer.column.comment": "注释",
   "table_designer.column.default": "默认",
+  "table_designer.column.enable_default": "设置默认值",
   "table_designer.column.name": "名",
   "table_designer.column.not_null": "不是 NULL",
   "table_designer.column.primary_key": "主键",
@@ -8115,6 +8118,8 @@
   "table_designer.message.trigger_updated": "触发器修改成功",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title": "字段注释",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title_named": "字段注释 - {{name}}",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title": "字段选项",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named": "字段选项 - {{name}}",
   "table_designer.modal.confirm_sql_title": "确认 SQL 变更",
   "table_designer.modal.copy_columns_title": "复制选中字段到新表",
   "table_designer.modal.delete_foreign_key_content": "确定删除外键约束 \"{{name}}\" 吗？",
@@ -8145,6 +8150,7 @@
   "table_designer.option.default": "默认",
   "table_designer.option.recommended_suffix": "（推荐）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.column_comment": "请输入字段注释",
+  "table_designer.placeholder.column_default": "请输入默认值或表达式",
   "table_designer.placeholder.foreign_key_name": "外键约束名（例如 fk_order_user）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_columns": "请选择索引字段（按选择顺序生效）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_name": "索引名（例如 idx_user_name）",
@@ -8211,6 +8217,7 @@
   "table_designer.title.default_database": "默认库",
   "table_designer.title.schema_designer": "结构设计器",
   "table_designer.title.untitled_table": "未命名表",
+  "table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options": "编辑字段选项",
   "table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup": "弹框编辑注释",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.event": "事件",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.name": "名称",
diff --git a/shared/i18n/zh-TW.json b/shared/i18n/zh-TW.json
index 48ab1d33..4dcd91bd 100644
--- a/shared/i18n/zh-TW.json
+++ b/shared/i18n/zh-TW.json
@@ -8026,8 +8026,11 @@
   "table_designer.action.view_statement": "檢視語句",
   "table_designer.column.actions": "操作",
   "table_designer.column.auto_increment": "自增",
+  "table_designer.column.charset": "字元集",
+  "table_designer.column.collation": "排序規則",
   "table_designer.column.comment": "註解",
   "table_designer.column.default": "預設",
+  "table_designer.column.enable_default": "設定預設值",
   "table_designer.column.name": "名稱",
   "table_designer.column.not_null": "不是 NULL",
   "table_designer.column.primary_key": "主鍵",
@@ -8115,6 +8118,8 @@
   "table_designer.message.trigger_updated": "觸發器修改成功",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title": "欄位註解",
   "table_designer.modal.column_comment_title_named": "欄位註解 - {{name}}",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title": "欄位選項",
+  "table_designer.modal.column_options_title_named": "欄位選項 - {{name}}",
   "table_designer.modal.confirm_sql_title": "確認 SQL 變更",
   "table_designer.modal.copy_columns_title": "複製選取欄位到新表",
   "table_designer.modal.delete_foreign_key_content": "確定要刪除外鍵約束 \"{{name}}\" 嗎？",
@@ -8145,6 +8150,7 @@
   "table_designer.option.default": "預設",
   "table_designer.option.recommended_suffix": "（建議）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.column_comment": "請輸入欄位註解",
+  "table_designer.placeholder.column_default": "請輸入預設值或運算式",
   "table_designer.placeholder.foreign_key_name": "外鍵約束名稱（例如 fk_order_user）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_columns": "請選擇索引欄位（依選取順序生效）",
   "table_designer.placeholder.index_name": "索引名稱（例如 idx_user_name）",
@@ -8211,6 +8217,7 @@
   "table_designer.title.default_database": "預設庫",
   "table_designer.title.schema_designer": "結構設計器",
   "table_designer.title.untitled_table": "未命名表",
+  "table_designer.tooltip.edit_column_options": "編輯欄位選項",
   "table_designer.tooltip.edit_comment_popup": "在彈窗中編輯註解",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.event": "事件",
   "table_designer.trigger.column.name": "名稱",