diff --git a/frontend/package-lock.json b/frontend/package-lock.json
index d6c584f..2b0ef39 100644
--- a/frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@
         "@types/react": "^18.2.43",
         "@types/react-dom": "^18.2.17",
         "@types/react-resizable": "^3.0.8",
+        "@types/react-test-renderer": "^18.0.7",
         "@types/uuid": "^9.0.7",
         "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.2.1",
+        "react-test-renderer": "^18.2.0",
         "typescript": "^5.2.2",
         "vite": "^5.0.8",
         "vitest": "^3.2.4"
@@ -2037,6 +2039,16 @@
         "@types/react": "*"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/react-test-renderer": {
+      "version": "18.0.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/react-test-renderer/-/react-test-renderer-18.0.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1+ANPOWc6rB3IkSnElhjv6VLlKg2dSv/OWClUyZimbLsQyBn8Js9Vtdsi3UICJ2rIQ3k2la06dkB+C92QfhKmg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/react": "*"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/trusted-types": {
       "version": "2.0.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/trusted-types/-/trusted-types-2.0.7.tgz",
@@ -5645,6 +5657,20 @@
         "react-dom": ">= 16.3"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/react-shallow-renderer": {
+      "version": "16.15.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-shallow-renderer/-/react-shallow-renderer-16.15.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oScf2FqQ9LFVQgA73vr86xl2NaOIX73rh+YFqcOp68CWj56tSfgtGKrEbyhCj0rSijyG9M1CYprTh39fBi5hzA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "object-assign": "^4.1.1",
+        "react-is": "^16.12.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": "^16.0.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/react-syntax-highlighter": {
       "version": "16.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-syntax-highlighter/-/react-syntax-highlighter-16.1.1.tgz",
@@ -5665,6 +5691,21 @@
         "react": ">= 0.14.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/react-test-renderer": {
+      "version": "18.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-test-renderer/-/react-test-renderer-18.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JWD+aQ0lh2gvh4NM3bBM42Kx+XybOxCpgYK7F8ugAlpaTSnWsX+39Z4XkOykGZAHrjwwTZT3x3KxswVWxHPUqA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "react-is": "^18.2.0",
+        "react-shallow-renderer": "^16.15.0",
+        "scheduler": "^0.23.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": "^18.2.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/recharts": {
       "version": "3.8.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/recharts/-/recharts-3.8.1.tgz",
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index daddbfb..4181217 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@
     "@types/react": "^18.2.43",
     "@types/react-dom": "^18.2.17",
     "@types/react-resizable": "^3.0.8",
+    "@types/react-test-renderer": "^18.0.7",
     "@types/uuid": "^9.0.7",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.2.1",
+    "react-test-renderer": "^18.2.0",
     "typescript": "^5.2.2",
     "vite": "^5.0.8",
     "vitest": "^3.2.4"
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/JVMResourceBrowser.interaction.test.tsx b/frontend/src/components/JVMResourceBrowser.interaction.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4f831d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/JVMResourceBrowser.interaction.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+import React from "react";
+import { act, create, type ReactTestRenderer } from "react-test-renderer";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import JVMResourceBrowser from "./JVMResourceBrowser";
+import type { JVMValueSnapshot } from "../types";
+
+const storeState = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  connections: [
+    {
+      id: "conn-jvm-writable",
+      name: "orders-jvm",
+      config: {
+        host: "127.0.0.1",
+        user: "jmx-user",
+        port: 9010,
+        type: "jvm",
+        jvm: {
+          preferredMode: "jmx",
+          readOnly: false,
+          jmx: {
+            password: "initial-jmx-secret",
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+  addTab: vi.fn(),
+  aiPanelVisible: false,
+  setAIPanelVisible: vi.fn(),
+  theme: "light",
+}));
+
+const backendApp = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  JVMGetValue: vi.fn(),
+  JVMPreviewChange: vi.fn(),
+  JVMApplyChange: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@monaco-editor/react", () => ({
+  default: ({ value }: { value?: string }) => <pre>{value}</pre>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@ant-design/icons", () => ({
+  FileSearchOutlined: () => <span />,
+  ReloadOutlined: () => <span />,
+  RobotOutlined: () => <span />,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("antd", () => {
+  const Text = ({ children }: any) => <span>{children}</span>;
+  const Button = ({ children, disabled, loading, onClick, type, ...rest }: any) => (
+    <button
+      type="button"
+      data-button-type={type}
+      disabled={disabled || loading}
+      onClick={onClick}
+      {...rest}
+    >
+      {children}
+    </button>
+  );
+  const Card = ({ children, title }: any) => (
+    <section>
+      <h2>{title}</h2>
+      {children}
+    </section>
+  );
+  const Descriptions: any = ({ children }: any) => <dl>{children}</dl>;
+  Descriptions.Item = ({ children, label }: any) => (
+    <div>
+      <dt>{label}</dt>
+      <dd>{children}</dd>
+    </div>
+  );
+  const Input: any = ({ value, onChange, placeholder }: any) => (
+    <input value={value} onChange={onChange} placeholder={placeholder} />
+  );
+  Input.TextArea = ({ value, onChange }: any) => (
+    <textarea value={value} onChange={onChange} />
+  );
+
+  return {
+    Alert: ({ message }: any) => <div role="alert">{message}</div>,
+    Button,
+    Card,
+    Descriptions,
+    Empty: ({ description }: any) => <div>{description}</div>,
+    Input,
+    Skeleton: () => <div>loading</div>,
+    Space: ({ children }: any) => <div>{children}</div>,
+    Tag: ({ children }: any) => <span>{children}</span>,
+    Typography: { Text },
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock("../store", () => {
+  const useStore = (selector: (state: typeof storeState) => any) => selector(storeState);
+  useStore.getState = () => storeState;
+  return { useStore };
+});
+
+vi.mock("./jvm/JVMModeBadge", () => ({
+  default: ({ mode }: { mode: string }) => <span>{mode}</span>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("./jvm/JVMWorkspaceLayout", () => ({
+  getJVMWorkspaceCardStyle: () => ({}),
+  JVMWorkspaceHero: ({ actions, badges, description, title }: any) => (
+    <header>
+      <h1>{title}</h1>
+      {description}
+      {badges}
+      {actions}
+    </header>
+  ),
+  JVMWorkspaceShell: ({ children }: any) => <main>{children}</main>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("./jvm/JVMChangePreviewModal", () => ({
+  default: ({ open, onConfirm }: any) =>
+    open ? <button type="button" onClick={onConfirm}>确认执行</button> : null,
+}));
+
+const writableTab = {
+  id: "tab-jvm-resource",
+  type: "jvm-resource",
+  title: "[orders-jvm] JVM 资源",
+  connectionId: "conn-jvm-writable",
+  providerMode: "jmx",
+  resourcePath: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+  resourceKind: "attribute",
+} as any;
+
+const textContent = (node: any): string =>
+  (node.children || [])
+    .map((item: any) => (typeof item === "string" ? item : textContent(item)))
+    .join("");
+
+const findButton = (renderer: ReactTestRenderer, text: string) =>
+  renderer.root.findAll((node) => node.type === "button" && textContent(node).includes(text))[0];
+
+const waitForEffects = async () => {
+  await act(async () => {
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    await Promise.resolve();
+  });
+};
+
+describe("JVMResourceBrowser interactions", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    storeState.connections = [
+      {
+        id: "conn-jvm-writable",
+        name: "orders-jvm",
+        config: {
+          host: "127.0.0.1",
+          user: "jmx-user",
+          port: 9010,
+          type: "jvm",
+          jvm: {
+            preferredMode: "jmx",
+            readOnly: false,
+            jmx: {
+              password: "initial-jmx-secret",
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const snapshot: JVMValueSnapshot = {
+      resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+      kind: "attribute",
+      format: "string",
+      version: "v1",
+      value: "cold",
+      supportedActions: [
+        {
+          action: "set",
+          label: "设置属性",
+          payloadExample: { value: "warm" },
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    backendApp.JVMGetValue.mockResolvedValue({ success: true, data: snapshot });
+    backendApp.JVMPreviewChange.mockResolvedValue({
+      allowed: true,
+      requiresConfirmation: true,
+      confirmationToken: "token-from-preview",
+      summary: "设置 Mode",
+      riskLevel: "high",
+      before: snapshot,
+      after: { ...snapshot, value: "warm", version: "v2" },
+    });
+    backendApp.JVMApplyChange.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        status: "applied",
+        updatedValue: { ...snapshot, value: "warm", version: "v2" },
+      },
+    });
+
+    vi.stubGlobal("window", {
+      addEventListener: vi.fn(),
+      removeEventListener: vi.fn(),
+      dispatchEvent: vi.fn(),
+      go: {
+        app: {
+          App: backendApp,
+        },
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    backendApp.JVMGetValue.mockReset();
+    backendApp.JVMPreviewChange.mockReset();
+    backendApp.JVMApplyChange.mockReset();
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+  });
+
+  it("applies the latest successful preview request even when the draft is edited afterward", async () => {
+    let renderer: ReactTestRenderer;
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    const reasonInput = renderer!.root
+      .findAllByType("input")
+      .find((item) => item.props.placeholder === "填写本次 JVM 资源变更原因");
+    await act(async () => {
+      reasonInput!.props.onChange({ target: { value: "修复运行模式" } });
+    });
+
+    const payloadEditor = () => renderer!.root.findByType("textarea");
+    await act(async () => {
+      payloadEditor().props.onChange({ target: { value: '{"value":"previewed"}' } });
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      findButton(renderer!, "预览变更").props.onClick();
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      payloadEditor().props.onChange({ target: { value: '{"value":"edited-after-preview"}' } });
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      findButton(renderer!, "确认执行").props.onClick();
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    expect(backendApp.JVMApplyChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(backendApp.JVMApplyChange.mock.calls[0][0]).toBe(
+      backendApp.JVMPreviewChange.mock.calls[0][0],
+    );
+    expect(backendApp.JVMApplyChange.mock.calls[0][1]).toMatchObject({
+      action: "set",
+      confirmationToken: "token-from-preview",
+      payload: { value: "previewed" },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("does not let a stale snapshot resource id override the current resource preview", async () => {
+    backendApp.JVMGetValue.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+        kind: "attribute",
+        format: "string",
+        version: "v1",
+        value: "cold",
+        supportedActions: [
+          {
+            action: "set",
+            label: "设置属性",
+            payloadExample: { value: "warm" },
+          },
+        ],
+      } as JVMValueSnapshot,
+    });
+
+    let renderer: ReactTestRenderer;
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer!.update(
+        <JVMResourceBrowser
+          tab={{
+            ...writableTab,
+            resourcePath: "jmx:/attribute/app/OtherMode",
+          }}
+        />,
+      );
+    });
+
+    const reasonInput = renderer!.root
+      .findAllByType("input")
+      .find((item) => item.props.placeholder === "填写本次 JVM 资源变更原因");
+    await act(async () => {
+      reasonInput!.props.onChange({ target: { value: "修复运行模式" } });
+      renderer!.root.findByType("textarea").props.onChange({
+        target: { value: '{"value":"previewed"}' },
+      });
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      findButton(renderer!, "预览变更").props.onClick();
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    expect(backendApp.JVMPreviewChange.mock.calls[backendApp.JVMPreviewChange.mock.calls.length - 1]?.[1]).toMatchObject({
+      resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/OtherMode",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("ignores stale preview responses after the resource context changes", async () => {
+    let resolvePreview: (value: any) => void = () => {};
+    backendApp.JVMPreviewChange.mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise((resolve) => {
+        resolvePreview = resolve;
+      }),
+    );
+
+    let renderer: ReactTestRenderer;
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    const reasonInput = renderer!.root
+      .findAllByType("input")
+      .find((item) => item.props.placeholder === "填写本次 JVM 资源变更原因");
+    await act(async () => {
+      reasonInput!.props.onChange({ target: { value: "修复运行模式" } });
+      renderer!.root.findByType("textarea").props.onChange({
+        target: { value: '{"value":"previewed"}' },
+      });
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      findButton(renderer!, "预览变更").props.onClick();
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer!.update(
+        <JVMResourceBrowser
+          tab={{
+            ...writableTab,
+            resourcePath: "jmx:/attribute/app/OtherMode",
+          }}
+        />,
+      );
+      resolvePreview({
+        allowed: true,
+        requiresConfirmation: true,
+        confirmationToken: "stale-token",
+        summary: "旧预览",
+        riskLevel: "high",
+        before: {
+          resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+          kind: "attribute",
+          format: "string",
+          value: "cold",
+        },
+        after: {
+          resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+          kind: "attribute",
+          format: "string",
+          value: "warm",
+        },
+      });
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    expect(findButton(renderer!, "确认执行")).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(backendApp.JVMApplyChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("rejects confirming a preview after the resource context changes", async () => {
+    let renderer: ReactTestRenderer;
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    const reasonInput = renderer!.root
+      .findAllByType("input")
+      .find((item) => item.props.placeholder === "填写本次 JVM 资源变更原因");
+    await act(async () => {
+      reasonInput!.props.onChange({ target: { value: "修复运行模式" } });
+      renderer!.root.findByType("textarea").props.onChange({
+        target: { value: '{"value":"previewed"}' },
+      });
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      findButton(renderer!, "预览变更").props.onClick();
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer!.update(
+        <JVMResourceBrowser
+          tab={{
+            ...writableTab,
+            resourcePath: "jmx:/attribute/app/OtherMode",
+          }}
+        />,
+      );
+      findButton(renderer!, "确认执行").props.onClick();
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    expect(backendApp.JVMApplyChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("rejects confirming a preview after the connection config changes", async () => {
+    let renderer: ReactTestRenderer;
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    const reasonInput = renderer!.root
+      .findAllByType("input")
+      .find((item) => item.props.placeholder === "填写本次 JVM 资源变更原因");
+    await act(async () => {
+      reasonInput!.props.onChange({ target: { value: "修复运行模式" } });
+      renderer!.root.findByType("textarea").props.onChange({
+        target: { value: '{"value":"previewed"}' },
+      });
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      findButton(renderer!, "预览变更").props.onClick();
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    storeState.connections = [
+      {
+        ...storeState.connections[0],
+        config: {
+          ...storeState.connections[0].config,
+          jvm: {
+            ...storeState.connections[0].config.jvm,
+            readOnly: true,
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer!.update(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+
+    const confirmButton = findButton(renderer!, "确认执行");
+    if (confirmButton) {
+      await act(async () => {
+        confirmButton.props.onClick();
+      });
+    }
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    expect(backendApp.JVMApplyChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("rejects confirming a preview after JVM credentials change", async () => {
+    let renderer: ReactTestRenderer;
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    const reasonInput = renderer!.root
+      .findAllByType("input")
+      .find((item) => item.props.placeholder === "填写本次 JVM 资源变更原因");
+    await act(async () => {
+      reasonInput!.props.onChange({ target: { value: "修复运行模式" } });
+      renderer!.root.findByType("textarea").props.onChange({
+        target: { value: '{"value":"previewed"}' },
+      });
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      findButton(renderer!, "预览变更").props.onClick();
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    storeState.connections = [
+      {
+        ...storeState.connections[0],
+        config: {
+          ...storeState.connections[0].config,
+          jvm: {
+            ...storeState.connections[0].config.jvm,
+            jmx: {
+              ...storeState.connections[0].config.jvm.jmx,
+              password: "rotated-jmx-secret",
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer!.update(<JVMResourceBrowser tab={writableTab} />);
+    });
+
+    const confirmButton = findButton(renderer!, "确认执行");
+    if (confirmButton) {
+      await act(async () => {
+        confirmButton.props.onClick();
+      });
+    }
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    expect(backendApp.JVMApplyChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("does not seed sensitive payload examples into the draft editor", async () => {
+    backendApp.JVMGetValue.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Password",
+        kind: "attribute",
+        format: "string",
+        version: "v1",
+        value: "secret-token",
+        sensitive: true,
+        supportedActions: [
+          {
+            action: "set",
+            label: "设置属性",
+            payloadExample: { value: "secret-token" },
+          },
+        ],
+      } as JVMValueSnapshot,
+    });
+
+    let renderer: ReactTestRenderer;
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(
+        <JVMResourceBrowser
+          tab={{
+            ...writableTab,
+            resourcePath: "jmx:/attribute/app/Password",
+          }}
+        />,
+      );
+    });
+    await waitForEffects();
+
+    expect(renderer!.root.findByType("textarea").props.value).not.toContain("secret-token");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/JVMResourceBrowser.tsx b/frontend/src/components/JVMResourceBrowser.tsx
index 71505fb..e88d809 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/JVMResourceBrowser.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/JVMResourceBrowser.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import Editor from "@monaco-editor/react";
 import {
   Alert,
@@ -38,9 +38,14 @@ import {
   type JVMAIChangePlan,
 } from "../utils/jvmAiPlan";
 import {
+  buildJVMActionPayloadTemplate,
+  buildJVMPreviewApplyRequest,
   estimateJVMResourceEditorHeight,
   formatJVMActionDisplayText,
   formatJVMActionSummary,
+  formatJVMMetadataForDisplay,
+  formatJVMValueForDisplay,
+  JVM_DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE,
   resolveJVMActionDisplay,
   resolveJVMValueEditorLanguage,
 } from "../utils/jvmResourcePresentation";
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@ import {
 const { Text } = Typography;
 const DESCRIPTION_STYLES = { label: { width: 120 } } as const;
 const { TextArea } = Input;
-const DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEXT = "{\n  \n}";
+const DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEXT = JVM_DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE;
 
 type JVMResourceBrowserProps = {
   tab: TabData;
@@ -76,6 +81,66 @@ const buildJVMRuntimeConfig = (
   });
 };
 
+const buildJVMPreviewConfigRevision = (value: unknown): string => {
+  let text = "";
+  try {
+    text = JSON.stringify(value ?? null);
+  } catch {
+    return "unserializable";
+  }
+
+  let hash = 2166136261;
+  for (let index = 0; index < text.length; index += 1) {
+    hash ^= text.charCodeAt(index);
+    hash = Math.imul(hash, 16777619);
+  }
+  return (hash >>> 0).toString(16);
+};
+
+const buildJVMPreviewRuntimeFingerprint = (
+  connection: SavedConnection | undefined,
+  providerMode: string,
+): string => {
+  const config = connection?.config;
+  const jvm = config?.jvm || {};
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    configRevision: buildJVMPreviewConfigRevision(config),
+    type: config?.type || "",
+    host: config?.host || "",
+    port: config?.port || 0,
+    user: config?.user || "",
+    providerMode,
+    environment: jvm.environment || "",
+    readOnly: jvm.readOnly !== false,
+    allowedModes: jvm.allowedModes || [],
+    preferredMode: jvm.preferredMode || "",
+    jmx: {
+      enabled: jvm.jmx?.enabled || false,
+      host: jvm.jmx?.host || "",
+      port: jvm.jmx?.port || 0,
+      username: jvm.jmx?.username || "",
+      domainAllowlist: jvm.jmx?.domainAllowlist || [],
+    },
+    endpoint: {
+      enabled: jvm.endpoint?.enabled || false,
+      baseUrl: jvm.endpoint?.baseUrl || "",
+      timeoutSeconds: jvm.endpoint?.timeoutSeconds || 0,
+    },
+    agent: {
+      enabled: jvm.agent?.enabled || false,
+      baseUrl: jvm.agent?.baseUrl || "",
+      timeoutSeconds: jvm.agent?.timeoutSeconds || 0,
+    },
+  });
+};
+
+const buildJVMPreviewContextKey = (
+  connectionId: string,
+  mode: string,
+  path: string,
+  runtimeFingerprint: string,
+): string => `${connectionId}::${mode}::${path}::${runtimeFingerprint}`;
+
 const snapshotBlockStyle = (background: string): React.CSSProperties => ({
   margin: 0,
   borderRadius: 8,
@@ -83,17 +148,6 @@ const snapshotBlockStyle = (background: string): React.CSSProperties => ({
   overflow: "auto",
 });
 
-const formatValue = (value: unknown): string => {
-  if (typeof value === "string") {
-    return value;
-  }
-  try {
-    return JSON.stringify(value, null, 2);
-  } catch {
-    return String(value);
-  }
-};
-
 const formatDraftPayload = (draft: JVMAIChangeDraft): string => {
   try {
     return JSON.stringify(draft.payload ?? {}, null, 2);
@@ -102,19 +156,6 @@ const formatDraftPayload = (draft: JVMAIChangeDraft): string => {
   }
 };
 
-const buildActionPayloadTemplate = (
-  definition?: JVMActionDefinition | null,
-): string => {
-  if (definition?.payloadExample) {
-    try {
-      return JSON.stringify(definition.payloadExample, null, 2);
-    } catch {
-      return DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEXT;
-    }
-  }
-  return DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEXT;
-};
-
 const resolveDefaultAction = (
   actions: JVMActionDefinition[] | undefined,
   providerMode: "jmx" | "endpoint" | "agent",
@@ -164,6 +205,10 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
     "jmx") as "jmx" | "endpoint" | "agent";
   const resourcePath = String(tab.resourcePath || "").trim();
   const readOnly = connection?.config.jvm?.readOnly !== false;
+  const runtimeFingerprint = useMemo(
+    () => buildJVMPreviewRuntimeFingerprint(connection, providerMode),
+    [connection, providerMode],
+  );
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<JVMValueSnapshot | null>(null);
   const [error, setError] = useState("");
@@ -181,24 +226,50 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
   const [previewResult, setPreviewResult] = useState<JVMChangePreview | null>(
     null,
   );
+  const [previewRequest, setPreviewRequest] = useState<JVMChangeRequest | null>(
+    null,
+  );
+  const [previewRuntimeConfig, setPreviewRuntimeConfig] = useState<any | null>(
+    null,
+  );
+  const [previewContextKey, setPreviewContextKey] = useState("");
   const [applyLoading, setApplyLoading] = useState(false);
+  const previewSequenceRef = useRef(0);
+  const currentPreviewContextKey = buildJVMPreviewContextKey(
+    tab.connectionId,
+    providerMode,
+    resourcePath,
+    runtimeFingerprint,
+  );
+  const previewContextKeyRef = useRef(currentPreviewContextKey);
+  previewContextKeyRef.current = currentPreviewContextKey;
 
-  const displayValue = useMemo(() => formatValue(snapshot?.value), [snapshot]);
+  const clearPreviewState = () => {
+    setPreviewOpen(false);
+    setPreviewResult(null);
+    setPreviewRequest(null);
+    setPreviewRuntimeConfig(null);
+    setPreviewContextKey("");
+  };
+
+  const displayValue = useMemo(() => formatJVMValueForDisplay(snapshot), [snapshot]);
   const displayLanguage = useMemo(
     () =>
-      resolveJVMValueEditorLanguage(snapshot?.format || "", snapshot?.value),
-    [snapshot?.format, snapshot?.value],
+      snapshot?.sensitive
+        ? "plaintext"
+        : resolveJVMValueEditorLanguage(snapshot?.format || "", snapshot?.value),
+    [snapshot?.format, snapshot?.sensitive, snapshot?.value],
   );
   const metadataText = useMemo(
-    () =>
-      snapshot?.metadata && Object.keys(snapshot.metadata).length > 0
-        ? JSON.stringify(snapshot.metadata, null, 2)
-        : "",
-    [snapshot?.metadata],
+    () => formatJVMMetadataForDisplay(snapshot),
+    [snapshot],
   );
   const metadataLanguage = useMemo(
-    () => resolveJVMValueEditorLanguage("json", snapshot?.metadata),
-    [snapshot?.metadata],
+    () =>
+      snapshot?.sensitive
+        ? "plaintext"
+        : resolveJVMValueEditorLanguage("json", snapshot?.metadata),
+    [snapshot?.metadata, snapshot?.sensitive],
   );
   const supportedActions = useMemo(() => {
     if (!Array.isArray(snapshot?.supportedActions)) {
@@ -218,6 +289,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
   );
 
   const loadSnapshot = async () => {
+    const loadContextKey = currentPreviewContextKey;
     if (!connection) {
       setLoading(false);
       setSnapshot(null);
@@ -247,6 +319,9 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
         buildJVMRuntimeConfig(connection, providerMode),
         resourcePath,
       );
+      if (loadContextKey !== previewContextKeyRef.current) {
+        return;
+      }
       if (!result?.success) {
         setSnapshot(null);
         setError(String(result?.message || "读取 JVM 资源失败"));
@@ -263,9 +338,10 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     void loadSnapshot();
-  }, [connection, providerMode, resourcePath, tab.connectionId]);
+  }, [connection, providerMode, resourcePath, runtimeFingerprint, tab.connectionId]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
+    setSnapshot(null);
     setAction("");
     setReason("");
     setPayloadText(DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEXT);
@@ -273,9 +349,9 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
     setDraftResourceId("");
     setDraftError("");
     setApplyMessage("");
-    setPreviewOpen(false);
-    setPreviewResult(null);
-  }, [providerMode, resourcePath, tab.connectionId]);
+    previewSequenceRef.current += 1;
+    clearPreviewState();
+  }, [currentPreviewContextKey]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (action.trim()) {
@@ -290,7 +366,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
       String(payloadText || "").trim() === "" ||
       payloadText === DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEXT
     ) {
-      setPayloadText(buildActionPayloadTemplate(nextDefinition));
+      setPayloadText(buildJVMActionPayloadTemplate(nextDefinition, snapshot?.sensitive));
     }
   }, [action, payloadText, providerMode, supportedActions]);
 
@@ -328,8 +404,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
           "AI 计划缺少来源上下文，请在目标 JVM 资源页重新生成后再应用。",
         );
         setApplyMessage("");
-        setPreviewOpen(false);
-        setPreviewResult(null);
+        clearPreviewState();
         return;
       }
 
@@ -338,8 +413,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
           "当前 JVM 页签与 AI 计划的来源上下文不一致，已拒绝自动应用。",
         );
         setApplyMessage("");
-        setPreviewOpen(false);
-        setPreviewResult(null);
+        clearPreviewState();
         return;
       }
 
@@ -349,8 +423,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
       } catch (err: any) {
         setDraftError(err?.message || "AI 计划暂时无法转换为 JVM 预览草稿");
         setApplyMessage("");
-        setPreviewOpen(false);
-        setPreviewResult(null);
+        clearPreviewState();
         return;
       }
 
@@ -363,8 +436,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
       setApplyMessage(
         `已从 AI 计划填充草稿，目标资源为 ${draftFromPlan.resourceId}，请先执行“预览变更”再确认写入。`,
       );
-      setPreviewOpen(false);
-      setPreviewResult(null);
+      clearPreviewState();
     };
 
     window.addEventListener(
@@ -393,7 +465,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
       currentPayload === "{}" ||
       payloadText === DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEXT
     ) {
-      setPayloadText(buildActionPayloadTemplate(definition));
+      setPayloadText(buildJVMActionPayloadTemplate(definition, snapshot?.sensitive));
     }
   };
 
@@ -414,9 +486,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
       payload = parsed as Record<string, any>;
     }
 
-    const resourceId = String(
-      draftResourceId || snapshot?.resourceId || resourcePath,
-    ).trim();
+    const resourceId = String(draftResourceId || resourcePath).trim();
     if (!resourceId) {
       throw new Error("资源 ID 为空，无法生成变更草稿");
     }
@@ -497,34 +567,45 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
       return;
     }
 
+    const previewSequence = ++previewSequenceRef.current;
+    const previewContextKey = currentPreviewContextKey;
+    const runtimeConfig = buildJVMRuntimeConfig(connection, providerMode);
+
     setPreviewLoading(true);
     setDraftError("");
     setApplyMessage("");
     try {
       const result = await backendApp.JVMPreviewChange(
-        buildJVMRuntimeConfig(connection, providerMode),
+        runtimeConfig,
         draftPlan,
       );
+      if (
+        previewSequence !== previewSequenceRef.current ||
+        previewContextKey !== previewContextKeyRef.current
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
+
       if (result?.success === false) {
-        setPreviewResult(null);
-        setPreviewOpen(false);
+        clearPreviewState();
         setDraftError(String(result?.message || "预览 JVM 变更失败"));
         return;
       }
 
       const preview = normalizePreviewResult(result);
       if (!preview) {
-        setPreviewResult(null);
-        setPreviewOpen(false);
+        clearPreviewState();
         setDraftError("预览结果格式不正确");
         return;
       }
 
       setPreviewResult(preview);
+      setPreviewRequest(draftPlan);
+      setPreviewRuntimeConfig(runtimeConfig);
+      setPreviewContextKey(previewContextKey);
       setPreviewOpen(true);
     } catch (err: any) {
-      setPreviewResult(null);
-      setPreviewOpen(false);
+      clearPreviewState();
       setDraftError(err?.message || "预览 JVM 变更失败");
     } finally {
       setPreviewLoading(false);
@@ -532,6 +613,8 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
   };
 
   const handleApply = async () => {
+    await Promise.resolve();
+
     if (!connection) {
       setDraftError("连接不存在或已被删除");
       return;
@@ -543,11 +626,21 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
       return;
     }
 
-    let draftPlan: JVMChangeRequest;
+    if (!previewResult || !previewRequest || !previewRuntimeConfig) {
+      setDraftError("请先预览变更，再确认执行");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (previewContextKey !== previewContextKeyRef.current) {
+      clearPreviewState();
+      setDraftError("资源上下文已变化，请重新预览后再执行");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let applyRequest: JVMChangeRequest;
     try {
-      draftPlan = buildDraftPlan();
+      applyRequest = buildJVMPreviewApplyRequest(previewRequest, previewResult);
     } catch (err: any) {
-      setDraftError(err?.message || "变更草稿不合法");
+      setDraftError(err?.message || "确认令牌缺失，请重新预览后再执行");
       return;
     }
 
@@ -556,8 +649,8 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
     setApplyMessage("");
     try {
       const result = await backendApp.JVMApplyChange(
-        buildJVMRuntimeConfig(connection, providerMode),
-        draftPlan,
+        previewRuntimeConfig,
+        applyRequest,
       );
       if (result?.success === false) {
         setDraftError(String(result?.message || "执行 JVM 变更失败"));
@@ -569,8 +662,7 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
         setSnapshot(applyResult.updatedValue);
       }
 
-      setPreviewOpen(false);
-      setPreviewResult(null);
+      clearPreviewState();
       setApplyMessage(
         applyResult?.message || result?.message || "JVM 变更已执行",
       );
@@ -897,8 +989,9 @@ const JVMResourceBrowser: React.FC<JVMResourceBrowserProps> = ({ tab }) => {
                 <Space direction="vertical" size={8} style={{ width: "100%" }}>
                   <Text strong>Payload(JSON)</Text>
                   <Text type="secondary">
-                    需要输入 JSON 对象，预览和执行都会直接使用这份 payload。
-                    {selectedActionDefinition?.payloadExample
+                    预览会使用当前草稿；确认执行会使用最近一次成功预览的
+                    request，修改草稿后请重新预览。
+                    {selectedActionDefinition?.payloadExample && !snapshot?.sensitive
                       ? " 已按当前动作填充推荐模板。"
                       : ""}
                   </Text>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/jvm/JVMChangePreviewModal.tsx b/frontend/src/components/jvm/JVMChangePreviewModal.tsx
index e146ac8..cd40b83 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/jvm/JVMChangePreviewModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/jvm/JVMChangePreviewModal.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ import React, { useMemo } from "react";
 import { Alert, Descriptions, Modal, Space, Tag, Typography } from "antd";
 
 import type { JVMChangePreview } from "../../types";
-import { formatJVMRiskLevelText } from "../../utils/jvmResourcePresentation";
+import {
+  formatJVMRiskLevelText,
+  formatJVMValueForDisplay,
+} from "../../utils/jvmResourcePresentation";
 
 const { Text } = Typography;
 const DESCRIPTION_STYLES = { label: { width: 120 } } as const;
@@ -21,17 +24,6 @@ const riskColorMap: Record<string, string> = {
   high: "red",
 };
 
-const formatValue = (value: unknown): string => {
-  if (typeof value === "string") {
-    return value;
-  }
-  try {
-    return JSON.stringify(value, null, 2);
-  } catch {
-    return String(value);
-  }
-};
-
 const previewBlockStyle: React.CSSProperties = {
   margin: 0,
   padding: 12,
@@ -135,7 +127,7 @@ const JVMChangePreviewModal: React.FC<JVMChangePreviewModalProps> = ({
               </Descriptions.Item>
             </Descriptions>
             <pre style={previewBlockStyle}>
-              {formatValue(preview.before?.value)}
+              {formatJVMValueForDisplay(preview.before)}
             </pre>
           </div>
 
@@ -160,7 +152,7 @@ const JVMChangePreviewModal: React.FC<JVMChangePreviewModalProps> = ({
               </Descriptions.Item>
             </Descriptions>
             <pre style={previewBlockStyle}>
-              {formatValue(preview.after?.value)}
+              {formatJVMValueForDisplay(preview.after)}
             </pre>
           </div>
         </Space>
diff --git a/frontend/src/types.ts b/frontend/src/types.ts
index 70af0ad..ac28578 100644
--- a/frontend/src/types.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types.ts
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ export interface JVMValueSnapshot {
 export interface JVMChangePreview {
   allowed: boolean;
   requiresConfirmation?: boolean;
+  confirmationToken?: string;
   summary: string;
   riskLevel: "low" | "medium" | "high";
   blockingReason?: string;
@@ -251,6 +252,7 @@ export interface JVMChangeRequest {
   reason: string;
   source?: "manual" | "ai-plan";
   expectedVersion?: string;
+  confirmationToken?: string;
   payload?: Record<string, any>;
 }
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.test.ts b/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.test.ts
index 23559ac..6ca99f7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
-import { buildJVMChangeDraftFromAIPlan, extractJVMChangePlan, resolveJVMAIPlanResourceId, resolveJVMAIPlanTargetTabId } from './jvmAiPlan';
+import {
+  buildJVMChangeDraftFromAIPlan,
+  buildJVMAIPlanPrompt,
+  extractJVMChangePlan,
+  resolveJVMAIPlanResourceId,
+  resolveJVMAIPlanTargetTabId,
+} from './jvmAiPlan';
 
 describe('extractJVMChangePlan', () => {
   it('parses fenced json plan with namespace and key selector', () => {
@@ -102,6 +108,34 @@ describe('buildJVMChangeDraftFromAIPlan', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe('buildJVMAIPlanPrompt', () => {
+  it('masks sensitive snapshot values before injecting the AI prompt', () => {
+    const prompt = buildJVMAIPlanPrompt({
+      connectionName: 'orders-jvm',
+      host: '127.0.0.1',
+      providerMode: 'jmx',
+      resourcePath: 'jmx:/attribute/app/Password',
+      readOnly: false,
+      snapshot: {
+        resourceId: 'jmx:/attribute/app/Password',
+        kind: 'attribute',
+        format: 'string',
+        value: 'secret-token',
+        sensitive: true,
+        supportedActions: [
+          {
+            action: 'set',
+            payloadExample: { value: 'secret-token' },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(prompt).toContain('********');
+    expect(prompt).not.toContain('secret-token');
+  });
+});
+
 describe('resolveJVMAIPlanTargetTabId', () => {
   it('prefers the original tab when message context still matches', () => {
     expect(
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.ts b/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.ts
index e7c2043..3cc2981 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/jvmAiPlan.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { JVMActionDefinition, JVMChangeRequest, JVMAIPlanContext, JVMValueSnapshot, TabData } from '../types';
+import { JVM_SENSITIVE_VALUE_MASK } from './jvmResourcePresentation';
 
 export type JVMAIChangePlan = {
   targetType: 'cacheEntry' | 'managedBean' | 'attribute' | 'operation';
@@ -106,6 +107,9 @@ const formatSnapshotValue = (snapshot?: JVMValueSnapshot | null): string => {
   if (!snapshot) {
     return '当前资源快照尚未加载成功。';
   }
+  if (snapshot.sensitive) {
+    return JVM_SENSITIVE_VALUE_MASK;
+  }
   if (typeof snapshot.value === 'string') {
     return snapshot.value;
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.test.ts b/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.test.ts
index d1cec8b..6e92e29 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
 import {
+  buildJVMActionPayloadTemplate,
+  buildJVMPreviewApplyRequest,
   estimateJVMResourceEditorHeight,
   formatJVMAuditResultLabel,
   formatJVMActionSummary,
+  formatJVMMetadataForDisplay,
   formatJVMRiskLevelText,
+  formatJVMValueForDisplay,
   resolveJVMAuditResultColor,
   resolveJVMActionDisplay,
   resolveJVMValueEditorLanguage,
@@ -68,6 +72,121 @@ describe("jvmResourcePresentation", () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it("masks sensitive JVM snapshot values for display", () => {
+    expect(
+      formatJVMValueForDisplay({
+        resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Password",
+        kind: "attribute",
+        format: "string",
+        value: "secret-token",
+        sensitive: true,
+      }),
+    ).toBe("********");
+    expect(
+      formatJVMValueForDisplay({
+        resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/State",
+        kind: "attribute",
+        format: "json",
+        value: { state: "READY" },
+      }),
+    ).toBe(JSON.stringify({ state: "READY" }, null, 2));
+  });
+
+  it("masks sensitive JVM snapshot metadata for display", () => {
+    expect(
+      formatJVMMetadataForDisplay({
+        metadata: { token: "secret-token" },
+        sensitive: true,
+      }),
+    ).toBe("********");
+    expect(
+      formatJVMMetadataForDisplay({
+        metadata: { owner: "orders" },
+      }),
+    ).toBe(JSON.stringify({ owner: "orders" }, null, 2));
+  });
+
+  it("masks sensitive action payload examples", () => {
+    expect(
+      buildJVMActionPayloadTemplate(
+        {
+          action: "set",
+          payloadExample: { value: "secret-token" },
+        },
+        true,
+      ),
+    ).toBe("{\n  \n}");
+  });
+
+  it("builds apply requests from the previewed request and confirmation token", () => {
+    const previewedRequest = {
+      providerMode: "jmx" as const,
+      resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+      action: "set",
+      reason: "修复运行模式",
+      source: "manual" as const,
+      expectedVersion: "v1",
+      payload: { value: "warm" },
+    };
+
+    expect(
+      buildJVMPreviewApplyRequest(previewedRequest, {
+        allowed: true,
+        requiresConfirmation: true,
+        confirmationToken: "token-from-preview",
+        summary: "设置 Mode",
+        riskLevel: "high",
+        before: {
+          resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+          kind: "attribute",
+          format: "string",
+          value: "cold",
+        },
+        after: {
+          resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+          kind: "attribute",
+          format: "string",
+          value: "warm",
+        },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      ...previewedRequest,
+      confirmationToken: "token-from-preview",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects confirmed apply requests when preview token is missing", () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      buildJVMPreviewApplyRequest(
+        {
+          providerMode: "jmx",
+          resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+          action: "set",
+          reason: "修复运行模式",
+          payload: { value: "warm" },
+        },
+        {
+          allowed: true,
+          requiresConfirmation: true,
+          summary: "设置 Mode",
+          riskLevel: "high",
+          before: {
+            resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+            kind: "attribute",
+            format: "string",
+            value: "cold",
+          },
+          after: {
+            resourceId: "jmx:/attribute/app/Mode",
+            kind: "attribute",
+            format: "string",
+            value: "warm",
+          },
+        },
+      ),
+    ).toThrow("确认令牌缺失");
+  });
+
   it("caps editor height for very long payloads while keeping short content compact", () => {
     expect(estimateJVMResourceEditorHeight("line-1")).toBe(180);
     expect(
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.ts b/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.ts
index 544041d..43eed67 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/jvmResourcePresentation.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import type { JVMActionDefinition } from "../types";
+import type {
+  JVMActionDefinition,
+  JVMChangePreview,
+  JVMChangeRequest,
+  JVMValueSnapshot,
+} from "../types";
 
 type JVMActionDisplay = {
   action: string;
@@ -191,6 +196,69 @@ export const formatJVMAuditResultLabel = (value?: string | null): string => {
   return normalizeText(value);
 };
 
+export const JVM_SENSITIVE_VALUE_MASK = "********";
+export const JVM_DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE = "{\n  \n}";
+
+const formatRawJVMValue = (value: unknown): string => {
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    return value;
+  }
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(value, null, 2);
+  } catch {
+    return String(value);
+  }
+};
+
+export const formatJVMValueForDisplay = (
+  snapshot?: JVMValueSnapshot | null,
+): string => {
+  if (snapshot?.sensitive) {
+    return JVM_SENSITIVE_VALUE_MASK;
+  }
+  return formatRawJVMValue(snapshot?.value);
+};
+
+export const formatJVMMetadataForDisplay = (
+  snapshot?: Pick<JVMValueSnapshot, "metadata" | "sensitive"> | null,
+): string => {
+  if (!snapshot?.metadata || Object.keys(snapshot.metadata).length === 0) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  if (snapshot.sensitive) {
+    return JVM_SENSITIVE_VALUE_MASK;
+  }
+  return formatRawJVMValue(snapshot.metadata);
+};
+
+export const buildJVMActionPayloadTemplate = (
+  definition?: JVMActionDefinition | null,
+  sensitive = false,
+): string => {
+  if (sensitive || !definition?.payloadExample) {
+    return JVM_DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE;
+  }
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(definition.payloadExample, null, 2);
+  } catch {
+    return JVM_DEFAULT_PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE;
+  }
+};
+
+export const buildJVMPreviewApplyRequest = (
+  previewRequest: JVMChangeRequest,
+  preview: JVMChangePreview,
+): JVMChangeRequest => {
+  const confirmationToken = String(preview.confirmationToken || "").trim();
+  if (preview.requiresConfirmation && !confirmationToken) {
+    throw new Error("确认令牌缺失，请重新预览后再执行");
+  }
+  return {
+    ...previewRequest,
+    confirmationToken: confirmationToken || undefined,
+  };
+};
+
 export const resolveJVMValueEditorLanguage = (
   format: string,
   value: unknown,