MyGoNavi/internal/db/postgres_impl.go

package db

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"GoNavi-Wails/internal/connection"
	"GoNavi-Wails/internal/logger"
	"GoNavi-Wails/internal/ssh"
	"GoNavi-Wails/internal/utils"

	_ "github.com/lib/pq"
)

type PostgresDB struct {
	conn        *sql.DB
	pingTimeout time.Duration
	forwarder   *ssh.LocalForwarder // Store SSH tunnel forwarder
}

func resolvePostgresConnectDatabases(config connection.ConnectionConfig) []string {
	explicit := strings.TrimSpace(config.Database)
	if explicit != "" {
		return []string{explicit}
	}

	candidates := []string{"postgres", "template1", strings.TrimSpace(config.User)}
	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(candidates))
	result := make([]string, 0, len(candidates))
	for _, name := range candidates {
		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(name)
		if trimmed == "" {
			continue
		}
		normalized := strings.ToLower(trimmed)
		if _, exists := seen[normalized]; exists {
			continue
		}
		seen[normalized] = struct{}{}
		result = append(result, trimmed)
	}
	return result
}

func (p *PostgresDB) getDSN(config connection.ConnectionConfig) string {
	// postgres://user:password@host:port/dbname?sslmode=disable
	dbname := config.Database
	if dbname == "" {
		dbname = "postgres" // Default DB
	}

	u := &url.URL{
		Scheme: "postgres",
		Host:   net.JoinHostPort(config.Host, strconv.Itoa(config.Port)),
		Path:   "/" + dbname,
	}
	u.User = url.UserPassword(config.User, config.Password)
	q := url.Values{}
	q.Set("sslmode", resolvePostgresSSLMode(config))
	q.Set("connect_timeout", strconv.Itoa(getConnectTimeoutSeconds(config)))
	mergeConnectionParamsFromConfig(q, config, "postgres", "postgresql")
	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()

	return u.String()
}

func (p *PostgresDB) Connect(config connection.ConnectionConfig) error {
	if supported, reason := DriverRuntimeSupportStatus("postgres"); !supported {
		if strings.TrimSpace(reason) == "" {
			reason = "PostgreSQL 纯 Go 驱动未启用，请先在驱动管理中安装启用"
		}
		return fmt.Errorf("%s", reason)
	}

	runConfig := config
	p.pingTimeout = getConnectTimeout(config)

	cleanupOnFailure := true
	defer func() {
		if !cleanupOnFailure {
			return
		}
		if p.conn != nil {
			_ = p.conn.Close()
			p.conn = nil
		}
		if p.forwarder != nil {
			_ = p.forwarder.Close()
			p.forwarder = nil
		}
	}()

	if config.UseSSH {
		// Create SSH tunnel with local port forwarding
		logger.Infof("PostgreSQL 使用 SSH 连接：地址=%s:%d 用户=%s", config.Host, config.Port, config.User)

		forwarder, err := ssh.GetOrCreateLocalForwarder(config.SSH, config.Host, config.Port)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("创建 SSH 隧道失败：%w", err)
		}
		p.forwarder = forwarder

		// Parse local address
		host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(forwarder.LocalAddr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("解析本地转发地址失败：%w", err)
		}

		port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("解析本地端口失败：%w", err)
		}

		// Create a modified config pointing to local forwarder
		localConfig := config
		localConfig.Host = host
		localConfig.Port = port
		localConfig.UseSSH = false // Disable SSH flag for DSN generation

		runConfig = localConfig
		logger.Infof("PostgreSQL 通过本地端口转发连接：%s -> %s:%d", forwarder.LocalAddr, config.Host, config.Port)
	}

	sslAttempts := []connection.ConnectionConfig{runConfig}
	if shouldTrySSLPreferredFallback(runConfig) {
		sslAttempts = append(sslAttempts, withSSLDisabled(runConfig))
	}

	var failures []string
	for sslIndex, sslConfig := range sslAttempts {
		sslLabel := "SSL"
		if sslIndex > 0 {
			sslLabel = "明文回退"
		}

		attemptDBs := resolvePostgresConnectDatabases(sslConfig)
		for _, dbName := range attemptDBs {
			attemptConfig := sslConfig
			attemptConfig.Database = dbName
			dsn := p.getDSN(attemptConfig)

			dbConn, err := sql.Open("postgres", dsn)
			if err != nil {
				failures = append(failures, fmt.Sprintf("%s 数据库=%s 打开连接失败: %v", sslLabel, dbName, err))
				continue
			}
			p.conn = dbConn

			// Force verification
			if err := p.Ping(); err != nil {
				failures = append(failures, fmt.Sprintf("%s 数据库=%s 验证失败: %v", sslLabel, dbName, err))
				_ = dbConn.Close()
				p.conn = nil
				continue
			}

			if sslIndex > 0 {
				logger.Warnf("PostgreSQL SSL 优先连接失败，已回退至明文连接")
			}
			if strings.TrimSpace(config.Database) == "" && !strings.EqualFold(dbName, "postgres") {
				logger.Infof("PostgreSQL 自动选择连接数据库：%s", dbName)
			}

			// 设置 search_path，使所有用户 schema 下的表可以不带 schema 前缀访问
			p.ensureSearchPath(dsn)

			cleanupOnFailure = false
			return nil
		}
	}

	if len(failures) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("连接建立后验证失败：未找到可用的连接数据库")
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("连接建立后验证失败：%s", strings.Join(failures, "；"))
}

func (p *PostgresDB) Close() error {
	// Close SSH forwarder first if exists
	if p.forwarder != nil {
		if err := p.forwarder.Close(); err != nil {
			logger.Warnf("关闭 PostgreSQL SSH 端口转发失败：%v", err)
		}
		p.forwarder = nil
	}

	// Then close database connection
	if p.conn != nil {
		return p.conn.Close()
	}
	return nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) Ping() error {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("连接未打开")
	}
	timeout := p.pingTimeout
	if timeout <= 0 {
		timeout = 5 * time.Second
	}
	ctx, cancel := utils.ContextWithTimeout(timeout)
	defer cancel()
	return p.conn.PingContext(ctx)
}

func (p *PostgresDB) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, query string) ([]map[string]interface{}, []string, error) {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("连接未打开")
	}

	rows, err := p.conn.QueryContext(ctx, query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	defer rows.Close()

	return scanRows(rows)
}

func (p *PostgresDB) Query(query string) ([]map[string]interface{}, []string, error) {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("连接未打开")
	}

	rows, err := p.conn.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	defer rows.Close()
	return scanRows(rows)
}

func (p *PostgresDB) ExecBatchContext(ctx context.Context, query string) (int64, error) {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("连接未打开")
	}
	res, err := p.conn.ExecContext(ctx, query)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return res.RowsAffected()
}

func (p *PostgresDB) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string) (int64, error) {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("连接未打开")
	}
	res, err := p.conn.ExecContext(ctx, query)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return res.RowsAffected()
}

func (p *PostgresDB) Exec(query string) (int64, error) {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("连接未打开")
	}
	res, err := p.conn.Exec(query)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return res.RowsAffected()
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetDatabases() ([]string, error) {
	data, _, err := p.Query("SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datistemplate = false")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var dbs []string
	for _, row := range data {
		if val, ok := row["datname"]; ok {
			dbs = append(dbs, fmt.Sprintf("%v", val))
		}
	}
	return dbs, nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetTables(dbName string) ([]string, error) {
	query := "SELECT schemaname, tablename FROM pg_catalog.pg_tables WHERE schemaname != 'information_schema' AND schemaname NOT LIKE 'pg_%' ORDER BY schemaname, tablename"
	data, _, err := p.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var tables []string
	for _, row := range data {
		schema, okSchema := row["schemaname"]
		name, okName := row["tablename"]
		if okSchema && okName {
			tables = append(tables, fmt.Sprintf("%v.%v", schema, name))
			continue
		}
		if okName {
			tables = append(tables, fmt.Sprintf("%v", name))
		}
	}
	return tables, nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetCreateStatement(dbName, tableName string) (string, error) {
	return fmt.Sprintf("-- SHOW CREATE TABLE not fully supported for PostgreSQL in this MVP.\n-- Table: %s", tableName), nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetColumns(dbName, tableName string) ([]connection.ColumnDefinition, error) {
	schema := strings.TrimSpace(dbName)
	if schema == "" {
		schema = "public"
	}
	table := strings.TrimSpace(tableName)
	if table == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("表名不能为空")
	}

	esc := func(s string) string { return strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "''") }

	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
SELECT
	a.attname AS column_name,
	pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) AS data_type,
	CASE WHEN a.attnotnull THEN 'NO' ELSE 'YES' END AS is_nullable,
	pg_get_expr(ad.adbin, ad.adrelid) AS column_default,
	col_description(a.attrelid, a.attnum) AS comment,
	CASE WHEN pk.attname IS NOT NULL THEN 'PRI' ELSE '' END AS column_key
FROM pg_class c
JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef ad ON ad.adrelid = c.oid AND ad.adnum = a.attnum
LEFT JOIN (
	SELECT i.indrelid, a3.attname
	FROM pg_index i
	JOIN pg_attribute a3 ON a3.attrelid = i.indrelid AND a3.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
	WHERE i.indisprimary
) pk ON pk.indrelid = c.oid AND pk.attname = a.attname
WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'p')
  AND n.nspname = '%s'
  AND c.relname = '%s'
  AND a.attnum > 0
  AND NOT a.attisdropped
ORDER BY a.attnum`, esc(schema), esc(table))

	data, _, err := p.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var columns []connection.ColumnDefinition
	for _, row := range data {
		col := connection.ColumnDefinition{
			Name:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["column_name"]),
			Type:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["data_type"]),
			Nullable: fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["is_nullable"]),
			Key:      fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["column_key"]),
			Extra:    "",
			Comment:  "",
		}

		if v, ok := row["comment"]; ok && v != nil {
			col.Comment = fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)
		}

		if v, ok := row["column_default"]; ok && v != nil {
			def := fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)
			col.Default = &def
			if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(def)), "nextval(") {
				col.Extra = "auto_increment"
			}
		}

		columns = append(columns, col)
	}
	return columns, nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetIndexes(dbName, tableName string) ([]connection.IndexDefinition, error) {
	schema := strings.TrimSpace(dbName)
	if schema == "" {
		schema = "public"
	}
	table := strings.TrimSpace(tableName)
	if table == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("表名不能为空")
	}

	esc := func(s string) string { return strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "''") }

	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
SELECT
	i.relname AS index_name,
	a.attname AS column_name,
	ix.indisunique AS is_unique,
	x.ordinality AS seq_in_index,
	am.amname AS index_type
FROM pg_class t
JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.relnamespace
JOIN pg_index ix ON t.oid = ix.indrelid
JOIN pg_class i ON i.oid = ix.indexrelid
JOIN pg_am am ON i.relam = am.oid
JOIN unnest(ix.indkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS x(attnum, ordinality) ON TRUE
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = t.oid AND a.attnum = x.attnum
WHERE t.relkind IN ('r', 'p')
  AND t.relname = '%s'
  AND n.nspname = '%s'
  AND ix.indisvalid
  AND ix.indpred IS NULL
  AND x.ordinality <= ix.indnkeyatts
  AND NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT 1 FROM unnest(ix.indkey) AS expr_key(attnum) WHERE expr_key.attnum <= 0
  )
ORDER BY i.relname, x.ordinality`, esc(table), esc(schema))

	data, _, err := p.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	parseBool := func(v interface{}) bool {
		switch val := v.(type) {
		case bool:
			return val
		case string:
			s := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(val))
			return s == "t" || s == "true" || s == "1" || s == "y" || s == "yes"
		default:
			s := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)))
			return s == "t" || s == "true" || s == "1" || s == "y" || s == "yes"
		}
	}

	parseInt := func(v interface{}) int {
		switch val := v.(type) {
		case int:
			return val
		case int64:
			return int(val)
		case float64:
			return int(val)
		case string:
			// best effort
			var n int
			_, _ = fmt.Sscanf(strings.TrimSpace(val), "%d", &n)
			return n
		default:
			var n int
			_, _ = fmt.Sscanf(strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)), "%d", &n)
			return n
		}
	}

	var indexes []connection.IndexDefinition
	for _, row := range data {
		isUnique := false
		if v, ok := row["is_unique"]; ok && v != nil {
			isUnique = parseBool(v)
		}

		nonUnique := 1
		if isUnique {
			nonUnique = 0
		}

		seq := 0
		if v, ok := row["seq_in_index"]; ok && v != nil {
			seq = parseInt(v)
		}

		indexType := ""
		if v, ok := row["index_type"]; ok && v != nil {
			indexType = strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v))
		}
		if indexType == "" {
			indexType = "BTREE"
		}

		idx := connection.IndexDefinition{
			Name:       fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["index_name"]),
			ColumnName: fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["column_name"]),
			NonUnique:  nonUnique,
			SeqInIndex: seq,
			IndexType:  indexType,
		}
		indexes = append(indexes, idx)
	}
	return indexes, nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetForeignKeys(dbName, tableName string) ([]connection.ForeignKeyDefinition, error) {
	schema := strings.TrimSpace(dbName)
	if schema == "" {
		schema = "public"
	}
	table := strings.TrimSpace(tableName)
	if table == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("表名不能为空")
	}

	esc := func(s string) string { return strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "''") }

	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
SELECT
	tc.constraint_name AS constraint_name,
	kcu.column_name AS column_name,
	ccu.table_schema AS foreign_table_schema,
	ccu.table_name AS foreign_table_name,
	ccu.column_name AS foreign_column_name
FROM information_schema.table_constraints AS tc
JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage AS kcu
  ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
  AND tc.table_schema = kcu.table_schema
JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu
  ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
  AND ccu.table_schema = tc.table_schema
WHERE tc.constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY'
  AND tc.table_name = '%s'
  AND tc.table_schema = '%s'
ORDER BY tc.constraint_name, kcu.ordinal_position`, esc(table), esc(schema))

	data, _, err := p.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var fks []connection.ForeignKeyDefinition
	for _, row := range data {
		refSchema := ""
		if v, ok := row["foreign_table_schema"]; ok && v != nil {
			refSchema = fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)
		}
		refTable := fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["foreign_table_name"])
		refTableName := refTable
		if strings.TrimSpace(refSchema) != "" {
			refTableName = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", refSchema, refTable)
		}

		fk := connection.ForeignKeyDefinition{
			Name:           fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["constraint_name"]),
			ColumnName:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["column_name"]),
			RefTableName:   refTableName,
			RefColumnName:  fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["foreign_column_name"]),
			ConstraintName: fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["constraint_name"]),
		}
		fks = append(fks, fk)
	}
	return fks, nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetTriggers(dbName, tableName string) ([]connection.TriggerDefinition, error) {
	schema := strings.TrimSpace(dbName)
	if schema == "" {
		schema = "public"
	}
	table := strings.TrimSpace(tableName)
	if table == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("表名不能为空")
	}

	esc := func(s string) string { return strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "''") }

	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
SELECT trigger_name, action_timing, event_manipulation, action_statement
FROM information_schema.triggers
WHERE event_object_table = '%s'
  AND event_object_schema = '%s'
ORDER BY trigger_name, event_manipulation`, esc(table), esc(schema))

	data, _, err := p.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var triggers []connection.TriggerDefinition
	for _, row := range data {
		trig := connection.TriggerDefinition{
			Name:      fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["trigger_name"]),
			Timing:    fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["action_timing"]),
			Event:     fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["event_manipulation"]),
			Statement: fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["action_statement"]),
		}
		triggers = append(triggers, trig)
	}
	return triggers, nil
}

func (p *PostgresDB) GetAllColumns(dbName string) ([]connection.ColumnDefinitionWithTable, error) {
	query := `
SELECT table_schema, table_name, column_name, data_type
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
  AND table_schema NOT LIKE 'pg_%'
ORDER BY table_schema, table_name, ordinal_position`

	data, _, err := p.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var cols []connection.ColumnDefinitionWithTable
	for _, row := range data {
		schema := fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["table_schema"])
		table := fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["table_name"])
		tableName := table
		if strings.TrimSpace(schema) != "" {
			tableName = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", schema, table)
		}

		col := connection.ColumnDefinitionWithTable{
			TableName: tableName,
			Name:      fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["column_name"]),
			Type:      fmt.Sprintf("%v", row["data_type"]),
		}
		cols = append(cols, col)
	}
	return cols, nil
}

// ensureSearchPath 查询当前数据库中所有用户 schema，通过重建连接池将 search_path 写入 DSN。
// 仅使用 SET search_path 只对连接池中的单个连接生效，后续查询可能拿到未设置的连接。
// 将 search_path 写入 DSN (lib/pq 支持任意 PostgreSQL runtime parameter)，
// 使连接池中每个连接建立时自动携带 search_path，与金仓行为一致。
func (p *PostgresDB) ensureSearchPath(baseDSN string) {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return
	}

	rawSchemas := p.queryUserSchemas()
	if len(rawSchemas) == 0 {
		return
	}

	// 构建 search_path SQL 片段（带双引号转义），用于 SET 兜底
	searchPathSQL, normalizedSchemas := buildKingbaseSearchPathCommon(rawSchemas)
	if strings.TrimSpace(searchPathSQL) == "" {
		return
	}

	// 策略 1：将 search_path 写入 DSN，重建连接池
	// lib/pq 支持在 URL 查参数中设置任意 PostgreSQL runtime parameter，
	// 如 ?search_path=ce,public，每个新连接建立时会自动 SET search_path。
	searchPathDSNVal := strings.Join(normalizedSchemas, ",")
	u, parseErr := url.Parse(baseDSN)
	if parseErr == nil {
		q := u.Query()
		q.Set("search_path", searchPathDSNVal)
		u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
		newDSN := u.String()

		newDB, err := sql.Open("postgres", newDSN)
		if err == nil {
			newDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(5 * time.Minute)
			oldConn := p.conn
			p.conn = newDB
			if err := p.Ping(); err == nil {
				_ = oldConn.Close()
				logger.Infof("PostgreSQL 已通过 DSN 配置 search_path：%s", searchPathDSNVal)
				return
			}
			// DSN 方式失败，回滚
			_ = newDB.Close()
			p.conn = oldConn
			logger.Warnf("PostgreSQL DSN search_path 验证失败，回退至 SET 方式")
		}
	}

	// 策略 2 兜底：通过 SET search_path 设置（仅影响单个连接，但聊胜于无）
	timeout := p.pingTimeout
	if timeout <= 0 {
		timeout = 5 * time.Second
	}
	ctx, cancel := utils.ContextWithTimeout(timeout)
	defer cancel()

	if _, err := p.conn.ExecContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("SET search_path TO %s", searchPathSQL)); err != nil {
		logger.Warnf("PostgreSQL 设置 search_path 失败：%v", err)
		return
	}
	logger.Infof("PostgreSQL 已通过 SET 设置 search_path：%s", searchPathSQL)
}

// queryUserSchemas 查询当前数据库中所有用户 schema。
func (p *PostgresDB) queryUserSchemas() []string {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return nil
	}

	query := `SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace
		WHERE nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
		  AND nspname NOT LIKE 'pg_%'
		ORDER BY nspname`

	rows, err := p.conn.Query(query)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Warnf("PostgreSQL 查询用户 schema 失败：%v", err)
		return nil
	}
	defer rows.Close()

	var schemas []string
	for rows.Next() {
		var name string
		if err := rows.Scan(&name); err != nil {
			continue
		}
		name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
		if name != "" {
			schemas = append(schemas, name)
		}
	}
	return schemas
}

func (p *PostgresDB) ApplyChanges(tableName string, changes connection.ChangeSet) error {
	if p.conn == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("连接未打开")
	}

	tx, err := p.conn.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer tx.Rollback()

	quoteIdent := func(name string) string {
		n := strings.TrimSpace(name)
		n = strings.Trim(n, "\"")
		n = strings.ReplaceAll(n, "\"", "\"\"")
		if n == "" {
			return "\"\""
		}
		return `"` + n + `"`
	}

	schema := ""
	table := strings.TrimSpace(tableName)
	if parts := strings.SplitN(table, ".", 2); len(parts) == 2 {
		schema = strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
		table = strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
	}

	qualifiedTable := ""
	if schema != "" {
		qualifiedTable = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", quoteIdent(schema), quoteIdent(table))
	} else {
		qualifiedTable = quoteIdent(table)
	}

	// 1. Deletes
	for _, pk := range changes.Deletes {
		var wheres []string
		var args []interface{}
		idx := 0
		for k, v := range pk {
			idx++
			wheres = append(wheres, fmt.Sprintf("%s = $%d", quoteIdent(k), idx))
			args = append(args, v)
		}
		if len(wheres) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		query := fmt.Sprintf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s", qualifiedTable, strings.Join(wheres, " AND "))
		res, err := tx.Exec(query, args...)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("删除失败：%v", err)
		}
		if err := requireSingleRowAffected(res, "删除"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// 2. Updates
	for _, update := range changes.Updates {
		var sets []string
		var args []interface{}
		idx := 0

		for k, v := range update.Values {
			idx++
			sets = append(sets, fmt.Sprintf("%s = $%d", quoteIdent(k), idx))
			args = append(args, v)
		}

		if len(sets) == 0 {
			continue
		}

		var wheres []string
		for k, v := range update.Keys {
			idx++
			wheres = append(wheres, fmt.Sprintf("%s = $%d", quoteIdent(k), idx))
			args = append(args, v)
		}

		if len(wheres) == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("更新操作需要主键条件")
		}

		query := fmt.Sprintf("UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s", qualifiedTable, strings.Join(sets, ", "), strings.Join(wheres, " AND "))
		res, err := tx.Exec(query, args...)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("更新失败：%v", err)
		}
		if err := requireSingleRowAffected(res, "更新"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// 3. Inserts
	for _, row := range changes.Inserts {
		var cols []string
		var placeholders []string
		var args []interface{}
		idx := 0

		for k, v := range row {
			idx++
			cols = append(cols, quoteIdent(k))
			placeholders = append(placeholders, fmt.Sprintf("$%d", idx))
			args = append(args, v)
		}

		if len(cols) == 0 {
			continue
		}

		query := fmt.Sprintf("INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)", qualifiedTable, strings.Join(cols, ", "), strings.Join(placeholders, ", "))
		if _, err := tx.Exec(query, args...); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("插入失败：%v", err)
		}
	}

	return tx.Commit()
}