diff --git a/app/service/chat/gemini_chat_service.py b/app/service/chat/gemini_chat_service.py
index 61c4b30..6a85e36 100644
--- a/app/service/chat/gemini_chat_service.py
+++ b/app/service/chat/gemini_chat_service.py
@@ -26,22 +26,43 @@ def _has_image_parts(contents: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
 
 def _build_tools(model: str, payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
     """构建工具"""
-    tools = []
+    
+    def _merge_tools(tools: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        record = dict()
+        for item in tools:
+            if not item or not isinstance(item, dict):
+                continue
+
+            for k, v in item.items():
+                if k == "functionDeclarations" and v and isinstance(v, list):
+                    functions = record.get("functionDeclarations", [])
+                    functions.extend(v)
+                    record["functionDeclarations"] = functions
+                else:
+                    record[k] = v
+        return record
+
+    tool = dict()
+    if payload and isinstance(payload, dict) and "tools" in payload:
+        items = payload.get("tools", [])
+        if items and isinstance(items, list):
+            tool.update(_merge_tools(items))
+
     if (
         settings.TOOLS_CODE_EXECUTION_ENABLED
         and not (model.endswith("-search") or "-thinking" in model)
         and not _has_image_parts(payload.get("contents", []))
     ):
-        tools.append({"code_execution": {}})
+        tool["codeExecution"] = {}
     if model.endswith("-search"):
-        tools.append({"googleSearch": {}})
+        tool["googleSearch"] = {}
 
-    if payload and isinstance(payload, dict) and "tools" in payload:
-        items = payload.get("tools", [])
-        if items and isinstance(items, list):
-            tools.extend(items)
+    # 解决 "Tool use with function calling is unsupported" 问题
+    if tool.get("functionDeclarations"):
+        tool.pop("googleSearch", None)
+        tool.pop("codeExecution", None)
 
-    return tools
+    return [tool]
 
 
 def _get_safety_settings(model: str) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
diff --git a/app/service/chat/openai_chat_service.py b/app/service/chat/openai_chat_service.py
index 4727ea5..df095c5 100644
--- a/app/service/chat/openai_chat_service.py
+++ b/app/service/chat/openai_chat_service.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def _build_tools(
     request: ChatRequest, messages: List[Dict[str, Any]]
 ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
     """构建工具"""
-    tools = []
+    tool = dict()
     model = request.model
 
     if (
@@ -44,23 +44,21 @@ def _build_tools(
         )
         and not _has_image_parts(messages)
     ):
-        tools.append({"code_execution": {}})
+        tool["codeExecution"] = {}
     if model.endswith("-search"):
-        tools.append({"googleSearch": {}})
+        tool["googleSearch"] = {}
 
     # 将 request 中的 tools 合并到 tools 中
     if request.tools:
         function_declarations = []
-        for tool in request.tools:
-            if not tool or not isinstance(tool, dict):
+        for item in request.tools:
+            if not item or not isinstance(item, dict):
                 continue
 
-            if tool.get("type", "") == "function" and tool.get("function"):
-                function = deepcopy(tool.get("function"))
+            if item.get("type", "") == "function" and item.get("function"):
+                function = deepcopy(item.get("function"))
                 parameters = function.get("parameters", {})
-                if parameters.get("type") == "object" and not parameters.get(
-                    "properties", {}
-                ):
+                if parameters.get("type") == "object" and not parameters.get("properties", {}):
                     function.pop("parameters", None)
 
                 function_declarations.append(function)
@@ -68,14 +66,19 @@ def _build_tools(
         if function_declarations:
             # 按照 function 的 name 去重
             names, functions = set(), []
-            for item in function_declarations:
-                if item.get("name") not in names:
-                    names.add(item.get("name"))
-                    functions.append(item)
+            for fc in function_declarations:
+                if fc.get("name") not in names:
+                    names.add(fc.get("name"))
+                    functions.append(fc)
 
-            tools.append({"functionDeclarations": functions})
+            tool["functionDeclarations"] = functions
 
-    return tools
+    # 解决 "Tool use with function calling is unsupported" 问题
+    if tool.get("functionDeclarations"):
+        tool.pop("googleSearch", None)
+        tool.pop("codeExecution", None)
+
+    return [tool]
 
 
 def _get_safety_settings(model: str) -> List[Dict[str, str]]: