HttpRunner 通过复用 [`Locust`][Locust]，可以在无需对 YAML/JSON 进行任何修改的情况下，直接运行性能测试。 ## 原理图 ![](../images/loadtest-schematic-diagram.jpg) ## 安装依赖包 安装完成 HttpRunner 后，系统中会新增`locusts`命令，但不会同时安装 Locust。 在系统中未安装 Locust 的情况下，运行`locusts`命令时会出现如下提示。 ```bash $ locusts -V WARNING Locust is not installed, install first and try again. install command: pip install locustio ``` Locust 的安装方式如下： ```text $ pip install locustio ``` 安装完成后，执行 `locusts -V` 可查看到 Locust 的版本号。 ```text $ locusts -V [2017-08-26 23:45:42,246] bogon/INFO/stdout: Locust 0.8a2 [2017-08-26 23:45:42,246] bogon/INFO/stdout: ``` 执行 `locusts -h`，可查看到使用帮助文档。 ```text $ locusts -h Usage: locust [options] [LocustClass [LocustClass2 ... ]] Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -H HOST, --host=HOST Host to load test in the following format: http://10.21.32.33 --web-host=WEB_HOST Host to bind the web interface to. Defaults to '' (all interfaces) -P PORT, --port=PORT, --web-port=PORT Port on which to run web host -f LOCUSTFILE, --locustfile=LOCUSTFILE Python module file to import, e.g. '../other.py'. Default: locustfile --csv=CSVFILEBASE, --csv-base-name=CSVFILEBASE Store current request stats to files in CSV format. --master Set locust to run in distributed mode with this process as master --slave Set locust to run in distributed mode with this process as slave --master-host=MASTER_HOST Host or IP address of locust master for distributed load testing. Only used when running with --slave. Defaults to 127.0.0.1. --master-port=MASTER_PORT The port to connect to that is used by the locust master for distributed load testing. Only used when running with --slave. Defaults to 5557. Note that slaves will also connect to the master node on this port + 1. --master-bind-host=MASTER_BIND_HOST Interfaces (hostname, ip) that locust master should bind to. Only used when running with --master. Defaults to * (all available interfaces). --master-bind-port=MASTER_BIND_PORT Port that locust master should bind to. Only used when running with --master. Defaults to 5557. Note that Locust will also use this port + 1, so by default the master node will bind to 5557 and 5558. --expect-slaves=EXPECT_SLAVES How many slaves master should expect to connect before starting the test (only when --no-web used). --no-web Disable the web interface, and instead start running the test immediately. Requires -c and -r to be specified. -c NUM_CLIENTS, --clients=NUM_CLIENTS Number of concurrent clients. Only used together with --no-web -r HATCH_RATE, --hatch-rate=HATCH_RATE The rate per second in which clients are spawned. Only used together with --no-web -n NUM_REQUESTS, --num-request=NUM_REQUESTS Number of requests to perform. Only used together with --no-web -L LOGLEVEL, --loglevel=LOGLEVEL Choose between DEBUG/INFO/WARNING/ERROR/CRITICAL. Default is INFO. --logfile=LOGFILE Path to log file. If not set, log will go to stdout/stderr --print-stats Print stats in the console --only-summary Only print the summary stats --no-reset-stats Do not reset statistics once hatching has been completed -l, --list Show list of possible locust classes and exit --show-task-ratio print table of the locust classes' task execution ratio --show-task-ratio-json print json data of the locust classes' task execution ratio -V, --version show program's version number and exit ``` 可以看出，`loucsts` 命令与 `locust` 命令的用法基本相同。 相比于 `locust` 命令，`loucsts`命令主要存在如下两项差异。 ## 运行性能测试 在 `-f` 参数后面，`loucsts` 命令不仅可以指定 Locust 支持的 Python 文件，同时可以直接指定 YAML/JSON 格式的测试用例文件。在具体实现上，当 `-f` 指定 YAML/JSON 格式的测试用例文件时，会先将其转换为 Python 格式的 locustfile，然后再将 locustfile.py 传给 locust 命令。 ```bash $ locusts -f examples/first-testcase.yml [2017-08-18 17:20:43,915] Leos-MacBook-Air.local/INFO/locust.main: Starting web monitor at *:8089 [2017-08-18 17:20:43,918] Leos-MacBook-Air.local/INFO/locust.main: Starting Locust 0.8a2 ``` 执行上述命令后，即完成了 Locust 服务的启动，后续就可以在 Locust 的 Web 管理界面中进行操作了，使用方式与 Locust 完全相同。 ## 多进程运行模式 默认情况下，在 Locust 中如需使用 master-slave 模式启动多个进程（使用多核处理器的能力），只能先启动 master，然后再逐一启动若干个 slave。 ```text $ locust -f locustfile.py --master $ locust -f locustfile.py --slave & $ locust -f locustfile.py --slave & $ locust -f locustfile.py --slave & $ locust -f locustfile.py --slave & ``` 在 HttpRunner 中，新增实现 `--processes` 参数，可以一次性启动 1 个 master 和多个 salve。若在 `--processes` 参数后没有指定具体的数值，则启动的 slave 个数与机器的 CPU 核数相同。 ```bash $ locusts -f examples/first-testcase.yml --processes 4 [2017-08-26 23:51:47,071] bogon/INFO/locust.main: Starting web monitor at *:8089 [2017-08-26 23:51:47,075] bogon/INFO/locust.main: Starting Locust 0.8a2 [2017-08-26 23:51:47,078] bogon/INFO/locust.main: Starting Locust 0.8a2 [2017-08-26 23:51:47,080] bogon/INFO/locust.main: Starting Locust 0.8a2 [2017-08-26 23:51:47,083] bogon/INFO/locust.main: Starting Locust 0.8a2 [2017-08-26 23:51:47,084] bogon/INFO/locust.runners: Client 'bogon_656e0af8e968a8533d379dd252422ad3' reported as ready. Currently 1 clients ready to swarm. [2017-08-26 23:51:47,085] bogon/INFO/locust.runners: Client 'bogon_09f73850252ee4ec739ed77d3c4c6dba' reported as ready. Currently 2 clients ready to swarm. [2017-08-26 23:51:47,084] bogon/INFO/locust.main: Starting Locust 0.8a2 [2017-08-26 23:51:47,085] bogon/INFO/locust.runners: Client 'bogon_869f7ed671b1a9952b56610f01e2006f' reported as ready. Currently 3 clients ready to swarm. [2017-08-26 23:51:47,085] bogon/INFO/locust.runners: Client 'bogon_80a804cda36b80fac17b57fd2d5e7cdb' reported as ready. Currently 4 clients ready to swarm. ``` ![](../images/locusts-full-speed.jpg) Enjoy! [Locust]: http://locust.io/