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HttpRunner V2.x 中文使用文档
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测试用例分层
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测试用例组织
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hook机制
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测试用例分层
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<a href="./" title="测试用例分层" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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测试用例分层
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">目录</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
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测试用例分层模型
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
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分层描述详解
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<nav class="md-nav">
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<a href="#api" class="md-nav__link">
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接口定义（API）
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#testcase" class="md-nav__link">
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测试用例（testcase）
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<nav class="md-nav">
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<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
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引用接口定义
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</a>
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
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引用测试用例
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</a>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#testsuite" class="md-nav__link">
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测试用例集（testsuite）
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
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非参数化场景
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#parameters" class="md-nav__link">
|
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参数化场景（parameters）
|
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</a>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
|
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文件目录结构管理 && 脚手架工具
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_7" class="md-nav__link">
|
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相关参考
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../parameters/" title="参数化数据驱动" class="md-nav__link">
|
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参数化数据驱动
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../validate-pretty/" title="Validate & Prettify" class="md-nav__link">
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Validate & Prettify
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</a>
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../security/" title="信息安全" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
信息安全
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../upload-case/" title="文件上传场景" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
文件上传场景
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-6" type="checkbox" id="nav-6">
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-6">
|
||
测试执行
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-6">
|
||
测试执行
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../run-tests/cli/" title="运行测试(CLI)" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
运行测试(CLI)
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../run-tests/report/" title="测试报告" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
测试报告
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../run-tests/load-test/" title="性能测试" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
性能测试
|
||
</a>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-7">
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开发扩展
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../development/architecture/" title="Pipline" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
Pipline
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../development/dev-api/" title="基础库调用" class="md-nav__link">
|
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基础库调用
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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|
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|
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|
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实践案例
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
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|
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实践案例
|
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</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../examples/testerhome-login/" title="TesterHome 登录" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
TesterHome 登录
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../examples/demo-klook/" title="klook" class="md-nav__link">
|
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klook
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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相关资料
|
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|
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="toc">
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
测试用例分层模型
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
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分层描述详解
|
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<nav class="md-nav">
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#api" class="md-nav__link">
|
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接口定义（API）
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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测试用例（testcase）
|
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<nav class="md-nav">
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引用接口定义
|
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</a>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
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引用测试用例
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
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非参数化场景
|
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</a>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#parameters" class="md-nav__link">
|
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参数化场景（parameters）
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
|
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文件目录结构管理 && 脚手架工具
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_7" class="md-nav__link">
|
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相关参考
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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<div class="md-content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1>测试用例分层</h1>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="_1">测试用例分层模型<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在自动化测试领域，自动化测试用例的可维护性是极其重要的因素，直接关系到自动化测试能否持续有效地在项目中开展。</p>
|
||
<p>概括来说，测试用例分层机制的核心是将接口定义、测试步骤、测试用例、测试场景进行分离，单独进行描述和维护，从而尽可能地减少自动化测试用例的维护成本。</p>
|
||
<p>逻辑关系图如下所示：</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="" src="../../images/testcase-layer.png" /></p>
|
||
<p>同时，强调如下几点核心概念：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>测试用例（testcase）应该是完整且独立的，每条测试用例应该是都可以独立运行的</li>
|
||
<li>测试用例是测试步骤（teststep）的 <code>有序</code> 集合，每一个测试步骤对应一个 API 的请求描述</li>
|
||
<li>测试用例集（testsuite）是测试用例的 <code>无序</code> 集合，集合中的测试用例应该都是相互独立，不存在先后依赖关系的；如果确实存在先后依赖关系，那就需要在测试用例中完成依赖的处理</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果对于上述第三点感觉难以理解，不妨看下上图中的示例：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>testcase1 依赖于 testcase2，那么就可以在测试步骤（teststep12）中对 testcase2 进行引用，然后 testcase1 就是完整且可独立运行的；</li>
|
||
<li>在 testsuite 中，testcase1 与 testcase2 相互独立，运行顺序就不再有先后依赖关系了。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="_2">分层描述详解<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>理解了测试用例分层模型，接下来我们再来看下在分层模型下，接口、测试用例、测试用例集的描述形式。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="api">接口定义（API）<a class="headerlink" href="#api" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>为了更好地对接口描述进行管理，推荐使用独立的文件对接口描述进行存储，即每个文件对应一个接口描述。</p>
|
||
<p>接口定义描述的主要内容包括：<strong>name</strong>、variables、<strong>request</strong>、base_url、validate 等，形式如下：</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">get headers</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">base_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">http://httpbin.org</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">expected_status_code</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">200</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">request</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/headers</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">method</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GET</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">validate</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">eq</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">"status_code"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">$expected_status_code</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">eq</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">content.headers.Host</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="s">"httpbin.org"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>其中，name 和 request 部分是必须的，request 中的描述形式与 <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/api/">requests.request</a> 完全相同。</p>
|
||
<p>另外，API 描述需要尽量保持完整，做到可以单独运行。如果在接口描述中存在变量引用的情况，可在 variables 中对参数进行定义。通过这种方式，可以很好地实现单个接口的调试。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ hrun api/get_headers.yml
|
||
INFO Start to run testcase: get headers
|
||
headers
|
||
INFO GET http://httpbin.org/headers
|
||
INFO status_code: <span class="m">200</span>, response_time<span class="o">(</span>ms<span class="o">)</span>: <span class="m">477</span>.32 ms, response_length: <span class="m">157</span> bytes
|
||
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Ran <span class="m">1</span> <span class="nb">test</span> in <span class="m">0</span>.478s
|
||
|
||
OK
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="testcase">测试用例（testcase）<a class="headerlink" href="#testcase" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<h4 id="_3">引用接口定义<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>有了接口的定义描述后，我们编写测试场景时就可以直接引用接口定义了。</p>
|
||
<p>在测试步骤（teststep）中，可通过 <code>api</code> 字段引用接口定义，引用方式为对应 API 文件的路径，绝对路径或相对路径均可。推荐使用相对路径，路径基准为项目根目录，即 <code>debugtalk.py</code> 所在的目录路径。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">config</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"setup</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">and</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">reset</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">all."</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">user_agent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'iOS/10.3'</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">device_sn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"TESTCASE_SETUP_XXX"</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">os_platform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'ios'</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">app_version</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'2.8.6'</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">base_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"http://127.0.0.1:5000"</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">verify</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">False</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">output</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">session_token</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">get token (setup)</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">api</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">api/get_token.yml</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">user_agent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'iOS/10.3'</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">device_sn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">$device_sn</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">os_platform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'ios'</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">app_version</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'2.8.6'</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">extract</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">session_token</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">content.token</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">validate</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">eq</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">"status_code"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">200</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">len_eq</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">"content.token"</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">16</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">reset all users</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">api</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">api/reset_all.yml</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">token</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">$session_token</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>若需要控制或改变接口定义中的参数值，可在测试步骤中指定 variables 参数，覆盖 API 中的 variables 实现。</p>
|
||
<p>同样地，在测试步骤中定义 validate 后，也会与 API 中的 validate 合并覆盖。因此推荐的做法是，在 API 定义中的 validate 只描述最基本的校验项，例如 status_code，对于与业务逻辑相关的更多校验项，在测试步骤的 validate 中进行描述。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="_4">引用测试用例<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>在测试用例的测试步骤中，除了可以引用接口定义，还可以引用其它测试用例。通过这种方式，可以在避免重复描述的同时，解决测试用例的依赖关系，从而保证每个测试用例都是独立可运行的。</p>
|
||
<p>在测试步骤（teststep）中，可通过 <code>testcase</code> 字段引用其它测试用例，引用方式为对应测试用例文件的路径，绝对路径或相对路径均可。推荐使用相对路径，路径基准为项目根目录，即 <code>debugtalk.py</code> 所在的目录路径。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，在上面的测试用例（"setup and reset all."）中，实现了对获取 token 功能的测试；同时，在很多其它功能中都会依赖于获取 token 的功能，如果将该功能的测试步骤脚本拷贝到其它功能的测试用例中，那么就会存在大量重复，当需要对该部分进行修改时就需要修改所有地方，显然不便于维护。</p>
|
||
<p>比较好的做法是，在其它功能的测试用例（如创建用户）中，引用获取 token 功能的测试用例（testcases/setup.yml）作为一个测试步骤，从而创建用户（"create user and check result."）这个测试用例也变得独立可运行了。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">config</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"create</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">user</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">and</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">check</span><span class="nv"> </span><span class="s">result."</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">create_user</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">base_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"http://127.0.0.1:5000"</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">uid</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">9001</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">device_sn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"TESTCASE_CREATE_XXX"</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">output</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">session_token</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">setup and reset all (override) for $device_sn.</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">testcase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">testcases/setup.yml</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">output</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">session_token</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">create user and check result.</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">token</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">$session_token</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">testcase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">testcases/deps/check_and_create.yml</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="testsuite">测试用例集（testsuite）<a class="headerlink" href="#testsuite" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>当测试用例数量比较多以后，为了方便管理和实现批量运行，通常需要使用测试用例集来对测试用例进行组织。</p>
|
||
<p>在前文的测试用例分层模型中也强调了，测试用例集（testsuite）是测试用例的 <code>无序</code> 集合，集合中的测试用例应该都是相互独立，不存在先后依赖关系的；如果确实存在先后依赖关系，那就需要在测试用例中完成依赖的处理。</p>
|
||
<p>因为是 <code>无序</code> 集合，因此测试用例集的描述形式会与测试用例有些不同，在每个测试用例集文件中，第一层级存在两类字段：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>config: 测试用例集的总体配置参数</li>
|
||
<li>testcases: 值为字典结构（无序），key 为测试用例的名称，value 为测试用例的内容；在引用测试用例时也可以指定 variables，实现对引用测试用例中 variables 的覆盖。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 id="_5">非参数化场景<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">config</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">create users with uid</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">device_sn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${gen_random_string(15)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">var_a</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${gen_random_string(5)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">var_b</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">$var_a</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">base_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"http://127.0.0.1:5000"</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nt">testcases</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">create user 1000 and check result.</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">testcase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">testcases/create_user.yml</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">uid</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">1000</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">var_c</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${gen_random_string(5)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">var_d</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">$var_c</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nt">create user 1001 and check result.</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">testcase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">testcases/create_user.yml</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">uid</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">1001</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">var_c</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${gen_random_string(5)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">var_d</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">$var_c</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h4 id="parameters">参数化场景（parameters）<a class="headerlink" href="#parameters" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>对于参数化场景，可通过 parameters 实现，描述形式如下所示。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">config</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">create users with parameters</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">device_sn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${gen_random_string(15)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">base_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"http://127.0.0.1:5000"</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nt">testcases</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">create user $uid and check result for $device_sn.</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">testcase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">testcases/create_user.yml</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">uid</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">1000</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">device_sn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TESTSUITE_XXX</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">parameters</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">uid</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">101</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">102</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">103</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">device_sn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">TESTSUITE_X1</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">TESTSUITE_X2</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>参数化后，parameters 中的变量将采用笛卡尔积组合形成参数列表，依次覆盖 variables 中的参数，驱动测试用例的运行。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="_6">文件目录结构管理 && 脚手架工具<a class="headerlink" href="#_6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在对测试用例文件进行组织管理时，对于文件的存储位置均没有要求和限制，在引用时只需要指定对应的文件路径即可。但从约定大于配置的角度，最好是按照推荐的文件夹名称进行存储管理，并可通过子目录实现项目模块分类管理。</p>
|
||
<p>推荐的方式汇总如下：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>debugtalk.py</code> 放置在项目根目录下，假设为 <code>PRJ_ROOT_DIR</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>.env</code> 放置在项目根目录下，路径为 <code>PRJ_ROOT_DIR/.env</code></li>
|
||
<li>接口定义（API）放置在 <code>PRJ_ROOT_DIR/api/</code> 目录下</li>
|
||
<li>测试用例（testcase）放置在 <code>PRJ_ROOT_DIR/testcases/</code> 目录下</li>
|
||
<li>测试用例集（testsuite）文件必须放置在 <code>PRJ_ROOT_DIR/testsuites/</code> 目录下</li>
|
||
<li>data 文件夹：存储参数化文件，或者项目依赖的文件，路径为 <code>PRJ_ROOT_DIR/data/</code></li>
|
||
<li>reports 文件夹：存储 HTML 测试报告，生成路径为 <code>PRJ_ROOT_DIR/reports/</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>目录结构如下所示：</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ tree tests
|
||
tests
|
||
├── .env
|
||
├── data
|
||
│ ├── app_version.csv
|
||
│ └── account.csv
|
||
├── api
|
||
│ ├── create_user.yml
|
||
│ ├── get_headers.yml
|
||
│ ├── get_token.yml
|
||
│ ├── get_user.yml
|
||
│ └── reset_all.yml
|
||
├── debugtalk.py
|
||
├── testcases
|
||
│ ├── create_user.yml
|
||
│ ├── deps
|
||
│ │ └── check_and_create.yml
|
||
│ └── setup.yml
|
||
└── testsuites
|
||
├── create_users.yml
|
||
└── create_users_with_parameters.yml
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>项目脚手架</strong></p>
|
||
<p>同时，在 <code>HttpRunner</code> 中实现了一个脚手架工具，可以快速创建项目的目录结构。该想法来源于 <code>Django</code> 的 <code>django-admin.py startproject project_name</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>使用方式也与 <code>Django</code> 类似，只需要通过 <code>--startproject</code> 指定新项目的名称即可。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ hrun --startproject demo
|
||
Start to create new project: demo
|
||
CWD: /Users/debugtalk/MyProjects/examples
|
||
|
||
created folder: demo
|
||
created folder: demo/api
|
||
created folder: demo/testcases
|
||
created folder: demo/testsuites
|
||
created folder: demo/reports
|
||
created file: demo/debugtalk.py
|
||
created file: demo/.env
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="_7">相关参考<a class="headerlink" href="#_7" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="/post/HttpRunner-testcase-layer">《HttpRunner 的测试用例分层机制（已过期）》</a></li>
|
||
<li>测试用例分层详细示例：<a href="https://github.com/HttpRunner/HttpRunner/tree/master/tests">HttpRunner/tests</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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