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HttpRunner V2.x 中文使用文档
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名词解释
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名词解释
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名词解释
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<a href="../../prepare/record/" title="录制生成用例" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="../../prepare/request-hook/" title="hook机制" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="../../prepare/dot-env/" title="环境变量" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="../../prepare/testcase-layer/" title="测试用例分层" class="md-nav__link">
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测试用例分层
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<a href="../../prepare/parameters/" title="参数化数据驱动" class="md-nav__link">
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参数化数据驱动
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<a href="../../prepare/validate-pretty/" title="Validate & Prettify" class="md-nav__link">
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Validate & Prettify
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<a href="../../prepare/security/" title="信息安全" class="md-nav__link">
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信息安全
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测试执行
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运行测试(CLI)
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测试报告
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<h1>名词解释</h1>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="testcase">测试用例（testcase）<a class="headerlink" href="#testcase" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>从 2.0 版本开始，HttpRunner 开始对测试用例的定义进行进一步的明确，参考 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_case">wiki</a> 上的描述。</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>A test case is a specification of the inputs, execution conditions, testing procedure, and expected results that define a single test to be executed to achieve a particular software testing objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>概括下来，一条测试用例（testcase）应该是为了测试某个特定的功能逻辑而精心设计的，并且至少包含如下几点：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>明确的测试目的（achieve a particular software testing objective）</li>
|
||
<li>明确的输入（inputs）</li>
|
||
<li>明确的运行环境（execution conditions）</li>
|
||
<li>明确的测试步骤描述（testing procedure）</li>
|
||
<li>明确的预期结果（expected results）</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>对应地，HttpRunner 的测试用例描述方式进行如下设计：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>测试用例应该是完整且独立的，每条测试用例应该是都可以独立运行的；在 HttpRunner 中，每个 <code>YAML/JSON</code> 文件对应一条测试用例。</li>
|
||
<li>测试用例包含 <code>测试脚本</code> 和 <code>测试数据</code> 两部分：<ul>
|
||
<li><code>测试用例 = 测试脚本 + 测试数据</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>测试脚本</code> 重点是描述测试的 <code>业务功能逻辑</code>，包括预置条件、测试步骤、预期结果等，并且可以结合辅助函数（debugtalk.py）实现复杂的运算逻辑；可以将 <code>测试脚本</code> 理解为编程语言中的 <code>类（class）</code>；</li>
|
||
<li><code>测试数据</code> 重点是对应测试的 <code>业务数据逻辑</code>，可以理解为类的实例化数据；</li>
|
||
<li><code>测试数据</code> 和 <code>测试脚本</code> 分离后，就可以比较方便地实现数据驱动测试，通过对测试脚本传入一组数据，实现同一业务功能在不同数据逻辑下的测试验证。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="teststep">测试步骤（teststep）<a class="headerlink" href="#teststep" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>测试用例是测试步骤的 <code>有序</code> 集合，而对于接口测试来说，每一个测试步骤应该就对应一个 API 的请求描述。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="testsuite">测试用例集（testsuite）<a class="headerlink" href="#testsuite" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><code>测试用例集</code> 是 <code>测试用例</code> 的 <code>无序</code> 集合，集合中的测试用例应该都是相互独立，不存在先后依赖关系的。</p>
|
||
<p>如果确实存在先后依赖关系怎么办，例如登录功能和下单功能。正确的做法应该是，在下单测试用例的前置步骤中执行登录操作。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">config</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">order product</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">login</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">testcase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">testcases/login.yml</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">add to cart</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">api</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">api/add_cart.yml</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">make order</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">api</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">api/make_order.yml</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="_1">测试场景<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><code>测试场景</code> 和 <code>测试用例集</code> 是同一概念，都是 <code>测试用例</code> 的 <code>无序</code> 集合。</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>接口</li>
|
||
<li>测试用例集</li>
|
||
<li>参数</li>
|
||
<li>变量</li>
|
||
<li>测试脚本（YAML/JSON）</li>
|
||
<li>debugtalk.py</li>
|
||
<li>环境变量</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="_2">项目根目录<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
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