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HttpRunner V2.x 中文使用文档
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环境变量
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HttpRunner V2.x 中文使用文档
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测试用例组织
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<a href="../request-hook/" title="hook机制" class="md-nav__link">
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hook机制
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</a>
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环境变量
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</label>
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<a href="./" title="环境变量" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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环境变量
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">目录</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
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环境变量的作用
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
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设置环境变量
|
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
|
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在终端中预设环境变量
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#env" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
通过 .env 文件设置环境变量
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
引用环境变量
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../testcase-layer/" title="测试用例分层" class="md-nav__link">
|
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测试用例分层
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../parameters/" title="参数化数据驱动" class="md-nav__link">
|
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参数化数据驱动
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../validate-pretty/" title="Validate & Prettify" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Validate & Prettify
|
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../security/" title="信息安全" class="md-nav__link">
|
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信息安全
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-6" type="checkbox" id="nav-6">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-6">
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测试执行
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-6">
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测试执行
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../run-tests/cli/" title="运行测试(CLI)" class="md-nav__link">
|
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运行测试(CLI)
|
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../run-tests/report/" title="测试报告" class="md-nav__link">
|
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测试报告
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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环境变量的作用
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在终端中预设环境变量
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通过 .env 文件设置环境变量
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引用环境变量
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<h1>环境变量</h1>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="_1">环境变量的作用<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在自动化测试中，有时需要借助环境变量实现某些特定的目的，常见的场景包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>切换测试环境</li>
|
||
<li>切换测试配置</li>
|
||
<li>存储敏感数据（从<a href="/prepare/security/">信息安全</a>的角度出发）</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="_2">设置环境变量<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="_3">在终端中预设环境变量<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>使用环境变量之前，需要先在系统中设置环境变量名称和值，传统的方式为使用 export 命令（Windows系统中使用 set 命令）：</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">UserName</span><span class="o">=</span>admin
|
||
$ <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$UserName</span>
|
||
admin
|
||
$ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">Password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">123456</span>
|
||
$ <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$Password</span>
|
||
<span class="m">123456</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>然后，在程序中就可以对系统中的环境变量进行读取。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ python
|
||
>>> import os
|
||
>>> os.environ<span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"UserName"</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'admin'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="env">通过 .env 文件设置环境变量<a class="headerlink" href="#env" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>除了这种方式，HttpRunner 还借鉴了 pipenv <a href="https://docs.pipenv.org/advanced/#automatic-loading-of-env">加载 <code>.env</code> 的方式</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>默认情况下，在自动化测试项目的根目录中，创建 <code>.env</code> 文件，并将敏感数据信息放置到其中，存储采用 <code>name=value</code> 的格式：</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ cat .env
|
||
<span class="nv">UserName</span><span class="o">=</span>admin
|
||
<span class="nv">Password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">123456</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">PROJECT_KEY</span><span class="o">=</span>ABCDEFGH
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>同时，<code>.env</code> 文件不应该添加到代码仓库中，建议将 <code>.env</code> 加入到 <code>.gitignore</code> 中。</p>
|
||
<p>HttpRunner 运行时，会自动将 <code>.env</code> 文件中的内容加载到运行时（RunTime）的环境变量中，然后在运行时中就可以对环境变量进行读取了。</p>
|
||
<p>若需加载不位于自动化项目根目录中的 <code>.env</code>，或者其它名称的 <code>.env</code> 文件（例如 <code>production.env</code>），可以采用 <code>--dot-env-path</code> 参数指定文件路径：</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>$ hrun /path/to/testcase.yml --dot-env-path /path/to/.env --log-level debug
|
||
INFO Loading environment variables from /path/to/.env
|
||
DEBUG Loaded variable: UserName
|
||
DEBUG Loaded variable: Password
|
||
DEBUG Loaded variable: PROJECT_KEY
|
||
...
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="_4">引用环境变量<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在 HttpRunner 中内置了函数 <code>environ</code>（简称 <code>ENV</code>），可用于在 YAML/JSON 脚本中直接引用环境变量。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">login</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">request</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">http://host/api/login</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">method</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">POST</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">headers</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">Content-Type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">application/json</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">json</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">username</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${ENV(UserName)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${ENV(Password)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">validate</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">eq</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">status_code</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">200</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>若还需对读取的环境变量做进一步处理，则可以在 <code>debugtalk.py</code> 通过 Python 内置的函数 <code>os.environ</code> 对环境变量进行引用，然后再实现处理逻辑。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，若发起请求的密码需要先与密钥进行拼接并生成 MD5，那么就可以在 <code>debugtalk.py</code> 文件中实现如下函数：</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_encrypt_password</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<span class="n">raw_passwd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"Password"</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">PROJECT_KEY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"PROJECT_KEY"</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||
<span class="n">password</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">raw_passwd</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">PROJECT_KEY</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ascii'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hmac</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hashlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sha1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hexdigest</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>然后，在 YAML/JSON 格式的测试用例中，就可以通过<code>${func()}</code>的方式引用环境变量的值了。</p>
|
||
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">test</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">login</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">request</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">http://host/api/login</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">method</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">POST</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">headers</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">Content-Type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">application/json</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">json</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">username</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${ENV(UserName)}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">${get_encrypt_password()}</span>
|
||
<span class="nt">validate</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">eq</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">status_code</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">200</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
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|
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