fix(backup): 加固 CDC 仓库恢复安全

server/internal/backup/repository.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -34,6 +35,9 @@ const (
 	repositoryPackPrefix    = repositoryRoot + "/packs"
 	repositorySnapshotRoot  = repositoryRoot + "/snapshots"
 	repositoryDefaultPack   = int64(32 << 20)
+	repositoryMaxIndexSize  = int64(64 << 20)
+	repositoryMaxSnapshot   = int64(256 << 20)
+	repositoryMaxEncoded    = int64(repositoryChunkMax + (256 << 10))
 )
 
 type RepositoryStore struct {
@@ -321,6 +325,9 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) BuildPlan(ctx context.Context, task TaskSpec, writer L
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("close repository chunk spool: %w", err)
 	}
 	spoolClosed = true
+	if err := s.validateSnapshot(&plan.snapshot); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	writer.WriteLine(fmt.Sprintf("CDC 扫描完成：%d 个条目，逻辑数据 %d bytes，任务内唯一数据 %d bytes", len(plan.snapshot.Entries), plan.LogicalSize, plan.UniqueSize))
 	return plan, nil
 }
@@ -399,11 +406,14 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) EstimateUploadSize(ctx context.Context, provider stora
 	return estimate, nil
 }
 
-func (s *RepositoryStore) Restore(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, snapshotKey string, task TaskSpec, writer LogWriter) error {
+func (s *RepositoryStore) Restore(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, snapshotKey, expectedChecksum string, task TaskSpec, writer LogWriter) (err error) {
 	if writer == nil {
 		writer = NopLogWriter{}
 	}
-	snapshot, _, err := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, snapshotKey)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(expectedChecksum) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot checksum is required for restore")
+	}
+	snapshot, _, err := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, snapshotKey, expectedChecksum)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -415,19 +425,25 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) Restore(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageP
 	if len(task.SourcePaths) > 0 {
 		restoreSource = strings.TrimSpace(task.SourcePaths[0])
 	}
-	if restoreSource == "" && len(snapshot.SourcePaths) > 0 {
-		restoreSource = snapshot.SourcePaths[0]
-	}
-	targetRoot := filepath.Dir(filepath.Clean(restoreSource))
-	if strings.TrimSpace(task.RestoreTargetPath) != "" {
-		targetRoot = filepath.Clean(task.RestoreTargetPath)
+	targetRoot := strings.TrimSpace(task.RestoreTargetPath)
+	if targetRoot == "" {
+		if restoreSource == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("repository restore source path is required when no restore target is provided")
+		}
+		targetRoot = filepath.Dir(filepath.Clean(restoreSource))
+	} else {
+		targetRoot = filepath.Clean(targetRoot)
 	}
 	if !filepath.IsAbs(targetRoot) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("repository restore target must be absolute: %s", targetRoot)
 	}
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(targetRoot, 0o755); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create repository restore root: %w", err)
+	restoreRoot, err := s.openRestoreRoot(targetRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open repository restore root: %w", err)
 	}
+	defer func() {
+		err = errors.Join(err, restoreRoot.Close())
+	}()
 
 	restored := 0
 	directories := make([]repositoryEntry, 0)
@@ -438,44 +454,62 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) Restore(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageP
 		if len(task.SelectedPaths) > 0 && !pathSelected(entry.Path, task.SelectedPaths) {
 			continue
 		}
-		targetPath, ok := resolveWithinParent(targetRoot, entry.Path)
-		if !ok {
+		entryPath, localizeErr := filepath.Localize(entry.Path)
+		if localizeErr != nil || !filepath.IsLocal(entryPath) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unsafe repository restore path %q", entry.Path)
 		}
-		if err := s.ensureSafeParent(targetRoot, targetPath); err != nil {
-			return err
+		if parent := filepath.Dir(entryPath); parent != "." {
+			if err := restoreRoot.MkdirAll(parent, 0o755); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("create restore parent for %s: %w", entry.Path, err)
+			}
 		}
 		switch entry.Kind {
 		case "directory":
-			if info, statErr := os.Lstat(targetPath); statErr == nil {
+			if info, statErr := restoreRoot.Lstat(entryPath); statErr == nil {
 				if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
-					return fmt.Errorf("restore directory crosses existing symlink: %s", targetPath)
+					return fmt.Errorf("restore directory crosses existing symlink: %s", entry.Path)
 				}
 			} else if !errors.Is(statErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("inspect restore directory %s: %w", targetPath, statErr)
+				return fmt.Errorf("inspect restore directory %s: %w", entry.Path, statErr)
 			}
-			if err := os.MkdirAll(targetPath, os.FileMode(entry.Mode)); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("create restore directory %s: %w", targetPath, err)
+			if err := restoreRoot.MkdirAll(entryPath, os.FileMode(entry.Mode)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("create restore directory %s: %w", entry.Path, err)
 			}
 			directories = append(directories, entry)
 		case "symlink":
-			if err := os.RemoveAll(targetPath); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("replace restore symlink %s: %w", targetPath, err)
+			resolvedLinkTarget := path.Clean(path.Join(path.Dir(entry.Path), strings.ReplaceAll(entry.LinkTarget, "\\", "/")))
+			localizedLinkTarget, localizeTargetErr := filepath.Localize(resolvedLinkTarget)
+			if localizeTargetErr != nil || !filepath.IsLocal(localizedLinkTarget) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unsafe repository symlink target %q", entry.LinkTarget)
 			}
-			if err := os.Symlink(entry.LinkTarget, targetPath); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("create restore symlink %s: %w", targetPath, err)
+			linkTarget, relativeTargetErr := filepath.Rel(filepath.Dir(entryPath), localizedLinkTarget)
+			if relativeTargetErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("resolve restore symlink target %s: %w", entry.Path, relativeTargetErr)
 			}
-		case "file":
-			if info, statErr := os.Lstat(targetPath); statErr == nil {
-				if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
-					return fmt.Errorf("restore file would overwrite existing symlink: %s", targetPath)
+			if info, statErr := restoreRoot.Lstat(entryPath); statErr == nil {
+				if info.IsDir() {
+					return fmt.Errorf("refuse to replace restore directory with symlink: %s", entry.Path)
+				}
+				if err := restoreRoot.Remove(entryPath); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("replace restore symlink %s: %w", entry.Path, err)
 				}
 			} else if !errors.Is(statErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("inspect restore file %s: %w", targetPath, statErr)
+				return fmt.Errorf("inspect restore symlink %s: %w", entry.Path, statErr)
 			}
-			file, openErr := os.OpenFile(targetPath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, os.FileMode(entry.Mode))
+			if err := restoreRoot.Symlink(linkTarget, entryPath); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("create restore symlink %s: %w", entry.Path, err)
+			}
+		case "file":
+			if info, statErr := restoreRoot.Lstat(entryPath); statErr == nil {
+				if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+					return fmt.Errorf("restore file would overwrite existing symlink: %s", entry.Path)
+				}
+			} else if !errors.Is(statErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("inspect restore file %s: %w", entry.Path, statErr)
+			}
+			file, openErr := restoreRoot.OpenFile(entryPath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, os.FileMode(entry.Mode))
 			if openErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("create restore file %s: %w", targetPath, openErr)
+				return fmt.Errorf("create restore file %s: %w", entry.Path, openErr)
 			}
 			var written int64
 			for _, chunkID := range entry.Chunks {
@@ -486,54 +520,55 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) Restore(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageP
 				count, writeErr := file.Write(raw)
 				written += int64(count)
 				if writeErr != nil {
-					return errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("write restore file %s: %w", targetPath, writeErr), file.Close())
+					return errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("write restore file %s: %w", entry.Path, writeErr), file.Close())
 				}
 				if count != len(raw) {
 					return errors.Join(io.ErrShortWrite, file.Close())
 				}
 			}
-			if closeErr := file.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("close restore file %s: %w", targetPath, closeErr)
-			}
 			if written != entry.Size {
-				return fmt.Errorf("restored size mismatch for %s: expected %d, got %d", entry.Path, entry.Size, written)
+				return errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("restored size mismatch for %s: expected %d, got %d", entry.Path, entry.Size, written), file.Close())
 			}
-			if err := os.Chmod(targetPath, os.FileMode(entry.Mode)); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("restore mode for %s: %w", targetPath, err)
+			if err := file.Chmod(os.FileMode(entry.Mode)); err != nil {
+				return errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("restore mode for %s: %w", entry.Path, err), file.Close())
+			}
+			if closeErr := file.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("close restore file %s: %w", entry.Path, closeErr)
+			}
+			modTime := time.Unix(0, entry.ModTime)
+			if err := restoreRoot.Chtimes(entryPath, modTime, modTime); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("restore timestamp for %s: %w", entry.Path, err)
 			}
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported repository entry kind %q", entry.Kind)
 		}
-		if entry.Kind == "file" {
-			modTime := time.Unix(0, entry.ModTime)
-			if err := os.Chtimes(targetPath, modTime, modTime); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("restore timestamp for %s: %w", targetPath, err)
-			}
-		}
 		restored++
 	}
 	// Children modify their parent directory timestamps, so directory metadata
 	// is restored only after every selected file has been written.
 	for index := len(directories) - 1; index >= 0; index-- {
 		entry := directories[index]
-		targetPath, ok := resolveWithinParent(targetRoot, entry.Path)
-		if !ok {
+		entryPath, localizeErr := filepath.Localize(entry.Path)
+		if localizeErr != nil || !filepath.IsLocal(entryPath) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unsafe repository restore path %q", entry.Path)
 		}
-		if err := os.Chmod(targetPath, os.FileMode(entry.Mode)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("restore mode for %s: %w", targetPath, err)
+		if err := restoreRoot.Chmod(entryPath, os.FileMode(entry.Mode)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("restore mode for %s: %w", entry.Path, err)
 		}
 		modTime := time.Unix(0, entry.ModTime)
-		if err := os.Chtimes(targetPath, modTime, modTime); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("restore timestamp for %s: %w", targetPath, err)
+		if err := restoreRoot.Chtimes(entryPath, modTime, modTime); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("restore timestamp for %s: %w", entry.Path, err)
 		}
 	}
 	writer.WriteLine(fmt.Sprintf("CDC 仓库恢复完成：%d 个条目", restored))
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *RepositoryStore) ExportTar(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, snapshotKey, destination string) (err error) {
-	snapshot, _, err := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, snapshotKey)
+func (s *RepositoryStore) ExportTar(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, snapshotKey, expectedChecksum, destination string) (err error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(expectedChecksum) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot checksum is required for export")
+	}
+	snapshot, _, err := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, snapshotKey, expectedChecksum)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -609,16 +644,13 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) ExportTar(ctx context.Context, provider storage.Storag
 }
 
 func (s *RepositoryStore) Verify(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, snapshotKey, expectedChecksum string) (*RepositoryVerifyResult, error) {
-	snapshot, snapshotBytes, err := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, snapshotKey)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(expectedChecksum) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot checksum is required for verification")
+	}
+	snapshot, _, err := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, snapshotKey, expectedChecksum)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if strings.TrimSpace(expectedChecksum) != "" {
-		digest := sha256.Sum256(snapshotBytes)
-		if !strings.EqualFold(hex.EncodeToString(digest[:]), strings.TrimSpace(expectedChecksum)) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot checksum mismatch")
-		}
-	}
 	locations, err := s.loadIndex(ctx, provider)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -653,7 +685,7 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) Prune(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StoragePro
 	}
 	sort.Slice(snapshots, func(i, j int) bool { return snapshots[i].Key < snapshots[j].Key })
 	for _, object := range snapshots {
-		snapshot, _, loadErr := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, object.Key)
+		snapshot, _, loadErr := s.loadSnapshot(ctx, provider, object.Key, "")
 		if loadErr != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("refuse to prune with unreadable snapshot %s: %w", object.Key, loadErr)
 		}
@@ -883,9 +915,6 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) loadIndex(ctx context.Context, provider storage.Storag
 			return nil, readErr
 		}
 		for chunkID, location := range segment.Chunks {
-			if location.Pack == "" {
-				location.Pack = segment.Pack
-			}
 			if _, exists := locations[chunkID]; !exists {
 				locations[chunkID] = location
 			}
@@ -895,11 +924,19 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) loadIndex(ctx context.Context, provider storage.Storag
 }
 
 func (s *RepositoryStore) readIndexSegment(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, key string) (*repositoryIndexSegment, error) {
+	indexPrefix := repositoryIndexPrefix + "/"
+	indexName := strings.TrimPrefix(key, indexPrefix)
+	indexID := strings.TrimSuffix(indexName, ".json")
+	decodedIndexID, decodeIndexErr := hex.DecodeString(indexID)
+	if indexName == key || indexID == indexName || indexID != strings.ToLower(indexID) || strings.Contains(indexName, "/") || strings.Contains(indexName, "\\") || decodeIndexErr != nil || len(decodedIndexID) != sha256.Size {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid repository index key %q", key)
+	}
+	expectedPack := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s.pack", repositoryPackPrefix, indexID[:2], indexID)
 	reader, err := provider.Download(ctx, key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("download repository index %s: %w", key, err)
 	}
-	data, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, 64<<20))
+	data, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, repositoryMaxIndexSize+1))
 	closeErr := reader.Close()
 	if readErr != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read repository index %s: %w", key, readErr)
@@ -907,27 +944,45 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) readIndexSegment(ctx context.Context, provider storage
 	if closeErr != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("close repository index %s: %w", key, closeErr)
 	}
+	if int64(len(data)) > repositoryMaxIndexSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("repository index %s exceeds %d bytes", key, repositoryMaxIndexSize)
+	}
 	var segment repositoryIndexSegment
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &segment); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode repository index %s: %w", key, err)
 	}
-	if segment.Version != repositoryFormatVersion || strings.TrimSpace(segment.Pack) == "" {
+	if segment.Version != repositoryFormatVersion || segment.Pack != expectedPack || len(segment.Chunks) == 0 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported repository index %s", key)
 	}
+	packLimit := s.packSize
+	if packLimit <= 0 {
+		packLimit = repositoryDefaultPack
+	}
+	if packLimit < repositoryMaxEncoded {
+		packLimit = repositoryMaxEncoded
+	}
 	for chunkID, location := range segment.Chunks {
-		if chunkID == "" || location.Offset < 0 || location.Length <= 0 || location.PlainSize < 0 {
+		expectedPrefix := "p-"
+		if location.Encrypted {
+			expectedPrefix = "e-"
+		}
+		encodedID := strings.TrimPrefix(chunkID, expectedPrefix)
+		decodedID, decodeErr := hex.DecodeString(encodedID)
+		validPrefix := encodedID != chunkID
+		validCompression := location.Compression == "none" || location.Compression == "gzip" || location.Compression == "zstd"
+		if len(decodedID) != sha256.Size || decodeErr != nil || encodedID != strings.ToLower(encodedID) || !validPrefix || !validCompression || location.Pack != expectedPack || location.Offset < 0 || location.Length <= 0 || location.Length > repositoryMaxEncoded || location.Length > packLimit || location.PlainSize <= 0 || location.PlainSize > repositoryChunkMax || location.Offset > packLimit-location.Length {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid chunk location in repository index %s", key)
 		}
 	}
 	return &segment, nil
 }
 
-func (s *RepositoryStore) loadSnapshot(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, key string) (*repositorySnapshot, []byte, error) {
+func (s *RepositoryStore) loadSnapshot(ctx context.Context, provider storage.StorageProvider, key, expectedChecksum string) (*repositorySnapshot, []byte, error) {
 	reader, err := provider.Download(ctx, key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("download repository snapshot %s: %w", key, err)
 	}
-	data, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, 256<<20))
+	data, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, repositoryMaxSnapshot+1))
 	closeErr := reader.Close()
 	if readErr != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("read repository snapshot %s: %w", key, readErr)
@@ -935,6 +990,19 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) loadSnapshot(ctx context.Context, provider storage.Sto
 	if closeErr != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("close repository snapshot %s: %w", key, closeErr)
 	}
+	if int64(len(data)) > repositoryMaxSnapshot {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot %s exceeds %d bytes", key, repositoryMaxSnapshot)
+	}
+	if expected := strings.TrimSpace(expectedChecksum); expected != "" {
+		expectedBytes, decodeErr := hex.DecodeString(expected)
+		if decodeErr != nil || len(expectedBytes) != sha256.Size {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot checksum is invalid")
+		}
+		digest := sha256.Sum256(data)
+		if !strings.EqualFold(hex.EncodeToString(digest[:]), expected) {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot checksum mismatch")
+		}
+	}
 	var envelope repositorySnapshotEnvelope
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &envelope); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("decode repository snapshot envelope %s: %w", key, err)
@@ -960,9 +1028,79 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) loadSnapshot(ctx context.Context, provider storage.Sto
 	if snapshot.Version != repositoryFormatVersion {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported repository snapshot payload version %d", snapshot.Version)
 	}
+	if snapshot.Encrypted != envelope.Encrypted {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot encryption metadata mismatch")
+	}
+	if err := s.validateSnapshot(&snapshot); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
 	return &snapshot, data, nil
 }
 
+func (*RepositoryStore) validateSnapshot(snapshot *repositorySnapshot) error {
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("repository snapshot is required")
+	}
+	if snapshot.Version != repositoryFormatVersion {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported repository snapshot payload version %d", snapshot.Version)
+	}
+	if snapshot.Compression != "none" && snapshot.Compression != "gzip" && snapshot.Compression != "zstd" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported repository snapshot compression %q", snapshot.Compression)
+	}
+	seenPaths := make(map[string]struct{}, len(snapshot.Entries))
+	symlinkPaths := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, entry := range snapshot.Entries {
+		if entry.Path == "." || !fs.ValidPath(entry.Path) || path.Clean(entry.Path) != entry.Path || strings.Contains(entry.Path, "\\") || entry.Mode & ^uint32(0o777) != 0 || entry.Size < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid repository snapshot entry %q", entry.Path)
+		}
+		if _, exists := seenPaths[entry.Path]; exists {
+			return fmt.Errorf("duplicate repository snapshot entry %q", entry.Path)
+		}
+		seenPaths[entry.Path] = struct{}{}
+		switch entry.Kind {
+		case "directory":
+			if len(entry.Chunks) != 0 || entry.LinkTarget != "" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid repository directory entry %q", entry.Path)
+			}
+		case "symlink":
+			if entry.LinkTarget == "" || len(entry.Chunks) != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid repository symlink entry %q", entry.Path)
+			}
+			normalizedTarget := strings.ReplaceAll(entry.LinkTarget, "\\", "/")
+			resolvedTarget := path.Clean(path.Join(path.Dir(entry.Path), normalizedTarget))
+			if strings.ContainsRune(entry.LinkTarget, 0) || path.IsAbs(normalizedTarget) || filepath.IsAbs(entry.LinkTarget) || filepath.VolumeName(entry.LinkTarget) != "" || resolvedTarget == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(resolvedTarget, "../") {
+				return fmt.Errorf("repository symlink %q escapes the restore root", entry.Path)
+			}
+			symlinkPaths[entry.Path] = struct{}{}
+		case "file":
+			if entry.LinkTarget != "" || (entry.Size == 0 && len(entry.Chunks) != 0) || (entry.Size > 0 && len(entry.Chunks) == 0) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid repository file entry %q", entry.Path)
+			}
+			expectedPrefix := "p-"
+			if snapshot.Encrypted {
+				expectedPrefix = "e-"
+			}
+			for _, chunkID := range entry.Chunks {
+				encodedID := strings.TrimPrefix(chunkID, expectedPrefix)
+				decodedID, decodeErr := hex.DecodeString(encodedID)
+				if decodeErr != nil || len(decodedID) != sha256.Size || encodedID == chunkID || encodedID != strings.ToLower(encodedID) {
+					return fmt.Errorf("invalid chunk id in repository entry %q", entry.Path)
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported repository entry kind %q", entry.Kind)
+		}
+	}
+	for entryPath := range seenPaths {
+		for parent := path.Dir(entryPath); parent != "."; parent = path.Dir(parent) {
+			if _, crossesSymlink := symlinkPaths[parent]; crossesSymlink {
+				return fmt.Errorf("repository entry %q crosses symlink %q", entryPath, parent)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *RepositoryStore) encodeSnapshot(snapshot repositorySnapshot) ([]byte, error) {
 	payload, err := json.Marshal(snapshot)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1005,7 +1143,7 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) readChunk(ctx context.Context, provider storage.Storag
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read repository pack %s: %w", location.Pack, err)
 	}
-	encoded := make([]byte, location.Length)
+	encoded := make([]byte, int(location.Length))
 	_, readErr := io.ReadFull(reader, encoded)
 	closeErr := reader.Close()
 	if readErr != nil {
@@ -1079,7 +1217,7 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) decodeChunk(encoded []byte, location repositoryChunkLo
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open repository gzip chunk: %w", err)
 		}
-		raw, readErr := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		raw, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, location.PlainSize+1))
 		closeErr := reader.Close()
 		if readErr != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decompress repository gzip chunk: %w", readErr)
@@ -1089,14 +1227,14 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) decodeChunk(encoded []byte, location repositoryChunkLo
 		}
 		return raw, nil
 	case "zstd":
-		reader, err := zstd.NewReader(nil)
+		reader, err := zstd.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(payload), zstd.WithDecoderMaxMemory(uint64(repositoryChunkMax+(1<<20))))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create repository zstd decoder: %w", err)
 		}
-		raw, err := reader.DecodeAll(payload, nil)
+		raw, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, location.PlainSize+1))
 		reader.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decompress repository zstd chunk: %w", err)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decompress repository zstd chunk: %w", readErr)
 		}
 		return raw, nil
 	default:
@@ -1171,33 +1309,40 @@ func (s *RepositoryStore) normalizeCompression(value string) (string, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *RepositoryStore) ensureSafeParent(root, target string) error {
-	parent := filepath.Dir(target)
-	relative, err := filepath.Rel(root, parent)
-	if err != nil || relative == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(relative, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("restore target escapes repository root: %s", target)
+func (s *RepositoryStore) openRestoreRoot(target string) (*os.Root, error) {
+	cleanTarget := filepath.Clean(target)
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(cleanTarget) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("restore target must be absolute: %s", target)
 	}
-	current := root
-	if relative == "." {
-		return nil
+	volume := filepath.VolumeName(cleanTarget)
+	if strings.Contains(volume, "..") || strings.ContainsRune(volume, 0) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid restore target volume: %s", target)
 	}
-	for _, segment := range strings.Split(relative, string(filepath.Separator)) {
-		current = filepath.Join(current, segment)
-		info, statErr := os.Lstat(current)
-		if errors.Is(statErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			if err := os.Mkdir(current, 0o755); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("create restore parent %s: %w", current, err)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		if statErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("inspect restore parent %s: %w", current, statErr)
-		}
-		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 || !info.IsDir() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unsafe restore parent %s", current)
-		}
+	volumeRootPath := string(filepath.Separator)
+	relativeTarget := strings.TrimLeft(cleanTarget, string(filepath.Separator))
+	if volume != "" {
+		volumeRootPath = volume + string(filepath.Separator)
+		relativeTarget = strings.TrimLeft(strings.TrimPrefix(cleanTarget, volume), string(filepath.Separator))
 	}
-	return nil
+	if relativeTarget != "" && !filepath.IsLocal(relativeTarget) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("restore target is not local to its volume: %s", target)
+	}
+	volumeRoot, err := os.OpenRoot(volumeRootPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open restore volume: %w", err)
+	}
+	if relativeTarget == "" {
+		return volumeRoot, nil
+	}
+	if err := volumeRoot.MkdirAll(relativeTarget, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("create repository restore root: %w", err), volumeRoot.Close())
+	}
+	restoreRoot, openErr := volumeRoot.OpenRoot(relativeTarget)
+	closeErr := volumeRoot.Close()
+	if openErr != nil || closeErr != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Join(openErr, closeErr)
+	}
+	return restoreRoot, nil
 }
 
 func compactPaths(items []string) []string {

server/internal/backup/repository_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/rand"
@@ -149,7 +150,13 @@ func TestRepositoryRoundTripDedupAndPrune(t *testing.T) {
 	restoreRoot := filepath.Join(tempDir, "restore")
 	restoreTask := task
 	restoreTask.RestoreTargetPath = restoreRoot
-	if err := store.Restore(ctx, provider, secondKey, restoreTask, NopLogWriter{}); err != nil {
+	if err := store.Restore(ctx, provider, secondKey, strings.Repeat("0", sha256.Size*2), restoreTask, NopLogWriter{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("restore accepted a mismatched snapshot checksum")
+	}
+	if err := store.Restore(ctx, provider, secondKey, "", restoreTask, NopLogWriter{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("restore accepted a missing snapshot checksum")
+	}
+	if err := store.Restore(ctx, provider, secondKey, secondResult.Checksum, restoreTask, NopLogWriter{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("restore snapshot: %v", err)
 	}
 	restored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(restoreRoot, filepath.Base(sourceDir), "primary.bin"))
@@ -184,6 +191,153 @@ func TestRepositoryRoundTripDedupAndPrune(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRepositoryRestoreRejectsUnsafeSnapshotMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		entries []repositoryEntry
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "path traversal",
+			entries: []repositoryEntry{{Path: "../escape", Kind: "directory", Mode: 0o755}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "entry below symlink",
+			entries: []repositoryEntry{
+				{Path: "link", Kind: "symlink", Mode: 0o777, LinkTarget: "inside"},
+				{Path: "link/payload", Kind: "file", Mode: 0o600, Size: 1, Chunks: []string{"p-" + strings.Repeat("0", sha256.Size*2)}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "escaping symlink target",
+			entries: []repositoryEntry{{Path: "escape", Kind: "symlink", Mode: 0o777, LinkTarget: "../outside"}},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+			store := NewRepositoryStore(nil)
+			provider := newMemoryRepositoryProvider()
+			snapshot := repositorySnapshot{
+				Version:     repositoryFormatVersion,
+				TaskID:      1,
+				CreatedAt:   time.Now().UTC(),
+				Compression: "none",
+				Entries:     tc.entries,
+			}
+			data, err := store.encodeSnapshot(snapshot)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("encodeSnapshot returned error: %v", err)
+			}
+			key := store.SnapshotKey(1, 1, snapshot.CreatedAt)
+			if err := provider.Upload(ctx, key, bytes.NewReader(data), int64(len(data)), nil); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Upload snapshot returned error: %v", err)
+			}
+			digest := sha256.Sum256(data)
+			task := TaskSpec{SourcePath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "source"), RestoreTargetPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "restore")}
+			if err := store.Restore(ctx, provider, key, fmt.Sprintf("%x", digest[:]), task, NopLogWriter{}); err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("restore accepted unsafe snapshot metadata")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRepositoryRestorePreservesDirectoryWhenSnapshotContainsSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store := NewRepositoryStore(nil)
+	provider := newMemoryRepositoryProvider()
+	snapshot := repositorySnapshot{
+		Version:     repositoryFormatVersion,
+		TaskID:      1,
+		CreatedAt:   time.Now().UTC(),
+		Compression: "none",
+		Entries:     []repositoryEntry{{Path: "link", Kind: "symlink", Mode: 0o777, LinkTarget: "inside"}},
+	}
+	data, err := store.encodeSnapshot(snapshot)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("encodeSnapshot returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	key := store.SnapshotKey(1, 1, snapshot.CreatedAt)
+	if err := provider.Upload(ctx, key, bytes.NewReader(data), int64(len(data)), nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Upload snapshot returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	digest := sha256.Sum256(data)
+	restoreRoot := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "restore")
+	markerPath := filepath.Join(restoreRoot, "link", "keep.txt")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(markerPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MkdirAll marker parent: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(markerPath, []byte("keep"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile marker: %v", err)
+	}
+	task := TaskSpec{SourcePath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "source"), RestoreTargetPath: restoreRoot}
+	if err := store.Restore(ctx, provider, key, fmt.Sprintf("%x", digest[:]), task, NopLogWriter{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("restore replaced an existing directory with a symlink")
+	}
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(markerPath); err != nil || string(data) != "keep" {
+		t.Fatalf("existing directory content changed: data=%q err=%v", data, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRepositoryRejectsOversizedChunkLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store := NewRepositoryStore(nil)
+	provider := newMemoryRepositoryProvider()
+	chunkID := "p-" + strings.Repeat("0", sha256.Size*2)
+	packID := strings.Repeat("a", sha256.Size*2)
+	segment := repositoryIndexSegment{
+		Version: repositoryFormatVersion,
+		Pack:    fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s.pack", repositoryPackPrefix, packID[:2], packID),
+		Chunks: map[string]repositoryChunkLocation{
+			chunkID: {Pack: fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s.pack", repositoryPackPrefix, packID[:2], packID), Offset: 0, Length: repositoryMaxEncoded + 1, PlainSize: 1, Compression: "none"},
+		},
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(segment)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Marshal index returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	indexKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.json", repositoryIndexPrefix, packID)
+	if err := provider.Upload(ctx, indexKey, bytes.NewReader(data), int64(len(data)), nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Upload index returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := store.loadIndex(ctx, provider); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("loadIndex accepted an oversized encoded chunk")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRepositoryRejectsIndexPackMismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store := NewRepositoryStore(nil)
+	provider := newMemoryRepositoryProvider()
+	chunkID := "p-" + strings.Repeat("0", sha256.Size*2)
+	indexID := strings.Repeat("a", sha256.Size*2)
+	otherPackID := strings.Repeat("b", sha256.Size*2)
+	expectedPack := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s.pack", repositoryPackPrefix, indexID[:2], indexID)
+	segment := repositoryIndexSegment{
+		Version: repositoryFormatVersion,
+		Pack:    expectedPack,
+		Chunks: map[string]repositoryChunkLocation{
+			chunkID: {
+				Pack:        fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s.pack", repositoryPackPrefix, otherPackID[:2], otherPackID),
+				Offset:      0,
+				Length:      1,
+				PlainSize:   1,
+				Compression: "none",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(segment)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Marshal index returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	indexKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.json", repositoryIndexPrefix, indexID)
+	if err := provider.Upload(ctx, indexKey, bytes.NewReader(data), int64(len(data)), nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Upload index returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := store.loadIndex(ctx, provider); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("loadIndex accepted a chunk location pointing to a different pack")
+	}
+}
+
 type memoryRepositoryProvider struct {
 	mu      sync.RWMutex
 	objects map[string][]byte

server/internal/service/backup_execution_service.go

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func (s *BackupExecutionService) DownloadRecord(ctx context.Context, recordID ui
 		exportName := fmt.Sprintf("backupx-record-%d.tar", record.ID)
 		exportPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, exportName)
 		store := backup.NewRepositoryStore(s.cipher.Key())
-		if err := store.ExportTar(ctx, provider, record.StoragePath, exportPath); err != nil {
+		if err := store.ExportTar(ctx, provider, record.StoragePath, record.Checksum, exportPath); err != nil {
 			cleanupErr := os.RemoveAll(tempDir)
 			return nil, apperror.Internal("BACKUP_RECORD_DOWNLOAD_FAILED", "无法从 CDC 仓库导出归档", errors.Join(err, cleanupErr))
 		}
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func (s *BackupExecutionService) RestoreRecord(ctx context.Context, recordID uin
 		if specErr != nil {
 			return specErr
 		}
-		if err := backup.NewRepositoryStore(s.cipher.Key()).Restore(ctx, provider, record.StoragePath, spec, backup.NopLogWriter{}); err != nil {
+		if err := backup.NewRepositoryStore(s.cipher.Key()).Restore(ctx, provider, record.StoragePath, record.Checksum, spec, backup.NopLogWriter{}); err != nil {
 			return apperror.Internal("BACKUP_RECORD_RESTORE_FAILED", "从 CDC 仓库恢复备份失败", err)
 		}
 		return nil

server/internal/service/restore_service.go

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ func (s *RestoreService) restoreArtifact(ctx context.Context, record *model.Back
 	}
 	if record.BackupKind == model.BackupKindRepository {
 		logger.Infof("读取 CDC 仓库快照：%s", record.StoragePath)
-		if err := backup.NewRepositoryStore(s.cipher.Key()).Restore(ctx, provider, record.StoragePath, spec, logger); err != nil {
+		if err := backup.NewRepositoryStore(s.cipher.Key()).Restore(ctx, provider, record.StoragePath, record.Checksum, spec, logger); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("恢复 CDC 仓库快照失败：%w", err)
 		}
 		return nil