mirror of
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339 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
339 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# 开发扩展
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HttpRunner 除了作为命令行工具使用外，还可以作为软件包集成到你自己的项目中。
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简单来说，HttpRunner 提供了运行 YAML/JSON 格式测试用例的能力，并能返回详细的测试结果信息。
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## HttpRunner class
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### TL;DR
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HttpRunner 以 `类（class）` 的形式对外提供调用支持，类名为 `HttpRunner`。使用方式如下：
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```python
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from httprunner.api import HttpRunner
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runner = HttpRunner(
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failfast=True,
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save_tests=True,
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log_level="INFO",
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log_file="test.log"
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)
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summary = runner.run(path_or_tests)
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```
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### 初始化参数说明
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通常情况下，初始化 `HttpRunner` 时的参数有如下几个：
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- `failfast`（可选）: 设置为 True 时，测试在首次遇到错误或失败时会停止运行；默认值为 False
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- `save_tests`（可选）: 设置为 True 时，会将运行过程中的状态（loaded/parsed/summary）保存为 JSON 文件，存储于 logs 目录下；默认为 False
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- `log_level`（可选）: 设置日志级别，默认为 "INFO"
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- `log_file`（可选）: 设置日志文件路径，指定后将同时输出日志文件；默认不输出日志文件
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### 调用方法说明
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在 `HttpRunner` 中，对外提供了一个 `run` 方法，用于运行测试用例。
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run 方法有三个参数：
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- `path_or_tests`（必传）: 指定要运行的测试用例；支持传入两类参数
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- str: YAML/JSON 格式测试用例文件路径
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- dict: 标准的测试用例结构体
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- `dot_env_path`（可选）: 指定加载环境变量文件（.env）的路径，默认值为当前工作目录（PWD）中的 `.env` 文件
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- `mapping`（可选）: 变量映射，可用于对传入测试用例中的变量进行覆盖替换。
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#### 传入测试用例文件路径
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指定测试用例文件路径支持三种形式：
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- YAML/JSON 文件路径，支持绝对路径和相对路径
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- 包含 YAML/JSON 文件的文件夹，支持绝对路径和相对路径
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- 文件路径和文件夹路径的混合情况（list/set）
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```python
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# 文件路径
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runner.run("docs/data/demo-quickstart-2.yml")
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# 文件夹路径
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runner.run("docs/data/")
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# 混合情况
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runner.run(["docs/data/", "files/demo-quickstart-2.yml"])
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```
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如需指定加载环境变量文件（.env）的路径，或者需要对测试用例中的变量进行覆盖替换，则可使用 `dot_env_path` 和 `mapping` 参数。
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```python
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# dot_env_path
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runner.run("docs/data/demo-quickstart-2.yml", dot_env_path="/path/to/.env")
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# mapping
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override_mapping = {
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"device_sn": "XXX"
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}
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runner.run("docs/data/demo-quickstart-2.yml", mapping=override_mapping)
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```
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#### 传入标准的测试用例结构体
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除了传入测试用例文件路径，还可以直接传入标准的测试用例结构体。
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以 [demo-quickstart-2.yml](/data/demo-quickstart-2.yml) 为例，对应的数据结构体如下所示：
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```json
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[
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{
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"config": {
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"name": "testcase description",
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"request": {
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"base_url": "",
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"headers": {
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"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
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}
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},
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"variables": [],
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"output": ["token"],
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"path": "/abs-path/to/demo-quickstart-2.yml",
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"refs": {
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"env": {},
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"debugtalk": {
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"variables": {
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"SECRET_KEY": "DebugTalk"
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},
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"functions": {
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"gen_random_string": <function gen_random_string at 0x108596268>,
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"get_sign": <function get_sign at 0x1085962f0>,
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"get_user_id": <function get_user_id at 0x108596378>,
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"get_account": <function get_account at 0x108596400>,
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"get_os_platform": <function get_os_platform at 0x108596488>
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}
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},
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"def-api": {},
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"def-testcase": {}
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}
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},
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"teststeps": [
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{
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"name": "/api/get-token",
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"request": {
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/get-token",
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"method": "POST",
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"headers": {"Content-Type": "application/json", "app_version": "2.8.6", "device_sn": "FwgRiO7CNA50DSU", "os_platform": "ios", "user_agent": "iOS/10.3"},
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"json": {"sign": "9c0c7e51c91ae963c833a4ccbab8d683c4a90c98"}
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},
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"extract": [
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{"token": "content.token"}
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],
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"validate": [
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{"eq": ["status_code", 200]},
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{"eq": ["headers.Content-Type", "application/json"]},
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{"eq": ["content.success", true]}
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]
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},
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{
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"name": "/api/users/1000",
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"request": {"url": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/users/1000", "method": "POST", "headers": {"Content-Type": "application/json", "device_sn": "FwgRiO7CNA50DSU", "token": "$token"},
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"json": {"name": "user1", "password": "123456"}},
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"validate": [
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{"eq": ["status_code", 201]},
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{"eq": ["headers.Content-Type", "application/json"]},
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{"eq": ["content.success", true]},
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{"eq": ["content.msg", "user created successfully."]}
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]
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}
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]
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},
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{...} # another testcase
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]
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```
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传入测试用例结构体时，支持传入单个结构体（dict），或者多个结构体（list of dict）。
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```python
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# 运行单个结构体
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runner.run(testcase)
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# 运行多个结构体
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runner.run([testcase1, testcase2])
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```
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### 加载 `debugtalk.py` && `.env`
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通过传入测试用例文件路径运行测试用例时，HttpRunner 会自动以指定测试用例文件路径为起点，向上搜索 `debugtalk.py` 文件，并将 `debugtalk.py` 文件所在的文件目录作为当前工作目录（PWD）。
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同时，HttpRunner 会在当前工作目录（PWD）下搜索 `.env` 文件，以及 `api` 和 `testcases` 文件夹，并自动进行加载。
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最终加载得到的存储结构如下所示：
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```json
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{
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"env": {},
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"debugtalk": {
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"variables": {
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"SECRET_KEY": "DebugTalk"
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},
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"functions": {
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"gen_random_string": <function gen_random_string at 0x108596268>,
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"get_sign": <function get_sign at 0x1085962f0>,
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"get_user_id": <function get_user_id at 0x108596378>,
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"get_account": <function get_account at 0x108596400>,
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"get_os_platform": <function get_os_platform at 0x108596488>
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}
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},
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"def-api": {},
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"def-testcase": {}
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}
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```
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其中，`env` 对应的是 `.env` 文件中的环境变量，`debugtalk` 对应的是 `debugtalk.py` 文件中定义的变量和函数，`def-api` 对应的是 `api` 文件夹下定义的接口描述，`def-testcase` 对应的是 `testcases` 文件夹下定义的测试用例。
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通过传入标准的测试用例结构体执行测试时，传入的数据应包含所有信息，包括 `debugtalk.py`、`.env`、依赖的 api 和 测试用例等；因此也无需再使用 `dot_env_path` 和 `mapping` 参数，所有信息都要通过 `refs` 传入。
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## 返回详细测试结果数据
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运行完成后，通过 `run()` 方法的返回结果可获取详尽的运行结果数据。
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```python
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summary = runner.run(path_or_tests)
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```
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其数据结构为：
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```json
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{
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"success": true,
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"stat": {
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"testsRun": 2,
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"failures": 0,
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"errors": 0,
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"skipped": 0,
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"expectedFailures": 0,
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"unexpectedSuccesses": 0,
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"successes": 2
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},
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"time": {
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"start_at": 1538449655.944404,
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"duration": 0.03181314468383789
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},
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"platform": {
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"httprunner_version": "1.5.14",
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"python_version": "CPython 3.6.5+",
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"platform": "Darwin-17.6.0-x86_64-i386-64bit"
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},
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"details": [
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{
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"success": true,
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"name": "testcase description",
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"base_url": "",
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"stat": {"testsRun": 2, "failures": 0, "errors": 0, "skipped": 0, "expectedFailures": 0, "unexpectedSuccesses": 0, "successes": 2},
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"time": {"start_at": 1538449655.944404, "duration": 0.03181314468383789},
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"records": [
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{
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"name": "/api/get-token",
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"status": "success",
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"attachment": "",
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"meta_data": {
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"request": {
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/get-token",
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"method": "POST",
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"headers": {"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Accept": "*/*", "Connection": "keep-alive", "Content-Type": "application/json", "app_version": "2.8.6", "device_sn": "FwgRiO7CNA50DSU", "os_platform": "ios", "user_agent": "iOS/10.3", "Content-Length": "52"},
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"start_timestamp": 1538449655.944801,
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"json": {"sign": "9c0c7e51c91ae963c833a4ccbab8d683c4a90c98"},
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"body": b'{"sign": "9c0c7e51c91ae963c833a4ccbab8d683c4a90c98"}'
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},
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"response": {
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"status_code": 200,
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"headers": {"Content-Type": "application/json", "Content-Length": "46", "Server": "Werkzeug/0.14.1 Python/3.6.5+", "Date": "Tue, 02 Oct 2018 03:07:35 GMT"},
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"content_size": 46,
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"response_time_ms": 12.87,
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"elapsed_ms": 6.955,
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"encoding": null,
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"content": b'{"success": true, "token": "CcQ7dBjZZbjIXRkG"}',
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"content_type": "application/json",
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"ok": true,
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/get-token",
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"reason": "OK",
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"cookies": {},
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"text": '{"success": true, "token": "CcQ7dBjZZbjIXRkG"}',
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"json": {"success": true, "token": "CcQ7dBjZZbjIXRkG"}
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},
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"validators": [
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{"check": "status_code", "expect": 200, "comparator": "eq", "check_value": 200, "check_result": "pass"},
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{"check": "headers.Content-Type", "expect": "application/json", "comparator": "eq", "check_value": "application/json", "check_result": "pass"},
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{"check": "content.success", "expect": true, "comparator": "eq", "check_value": true, "check_result": "pass"}
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]
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}
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},
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{
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"name": "/api/users/1000",
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"status": "success",
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"attachment": "",
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"meta_data": {
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"request": {
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/users/1000",
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"method": "POST",
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"headers": {"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Accept": "*/*", "Connection": "keep-alive", "Content-Type": "application/json", "device_sn": "FwgRiO7CNA50DSU", "token": "CcQ7dBjZZbjIXRkG", "Content-Length": "39"},
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"start_timestamp": 1538449655.958944,
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"json": {"name": "user1", "password": "123456"},
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"body": b'{"name": "user1", "password": "123456"}'
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},
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"response": {
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"status_code": 201,
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"headers": {"Content-Type": "application/json", "Content-Length": "54", "Server": "Werkzeug/0.14.1 Python/3.6.5+", "Date": "Tue, 02 Oct 2018 03:07:35 GMT"},
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"content_size": 54,
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"response_time_ms": 3.34,
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"elapsed_ms": 2.16,
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"encoding": null,
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"content": b'{"success": true, "msg": "user created successfully."}',
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"content_type": "application/json",
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"ok": true,
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/users/1000",
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"reason": "CREATED",
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"cookies": {},
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"text": '{"success": true, "msg": "user created successfully."}',
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"json": {"success": true, "msg": "user created successfully."}
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},
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"validators": [
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{"check": "status_code", "expect": 201, "comparator": "eq", "check_value": 201, "check_result": "pass"},
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{"check": "headers.Content-Type", "expect": "application/json", "comparator": "eq", "check_value": "application/json", "check_result": "pass"},
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{"check": "content.success", "expect": true, "comparator": "eq", "check_value": true, "check_result": "pass"},
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{"check": "content.msg", "expect": "user created successfully.", "comparator": "eq", "check_value": "user created successfully.", "check_result": "pass"}
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]
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}
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}
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],
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"in_out": {
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"in": {"SECRET_KEY": "DebugTalk"},
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"out": {"token": "CcQ7dBjZZbjIXRkG"}
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}
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}
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]
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}
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```
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## 生成 HTML 测试报告
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如需生成 HTML 测试报告，可调用 `report.render_html_report` 方法。
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```python
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from httprunner import report
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report_path = report.render_html_report(
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summary,
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report_template="/path/to/custom_report_template",
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report_dir="/path/to/reports_dir",
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report_file="/path/to/report_file_path"
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)
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```
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`render_html_report()` 的参数有四个：
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- summary（必传）: 测试运行结果汇总数据
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- report_template（可选）: 指定自定义的 HTML 报告模板，模板必须采用 Jinja2 的格式
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- report_dir（可选）: 指定生成报告的文件夹路径
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- report_file（可选）: 指定生成报告的文件路径，该参数的优先级高于 report_dir
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关于测试报告的详细内容，请查看[测试报告](/run-tests/report/)部分。
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[TextTestRunner]: https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/unittest.html#unittest.TextTestRunner |